Journal of Biotechnology Research Center

Background: The biological assessment of trimethoprim organotin complexes is the subject of the work discussed in this publication.
Objective: The purpose of this project is to investigate the properties of trimethoprim tin complexes and via characterizing their IR and NMR elemental analysis sensitivity.
Material and methods: These complexes combine octahedral ML6 and pyramidal ML5 tin complexes by allowing amino groups present in the medicinal ingredients to react with organotin (IV).
Results: The complex conductivity was also determined for the prepared complexes and displayed low values.
Discussions: Two concentrations of these complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram+ve (Bacillus Pumilus) and (Candida albicans) by the Agar diffusion disc technique and showed a significant activity.
In conclusion: the synthesized compounds proven to be more effective in inhibiting bacteria such as a) Bacillus Pumilus and b) Candida albicans at two concentrations (1×10-2, 1×10-4M).

Background: Metabolic and genomic informatics integrations in organism-specific databases
require comprehensive and intensive efforts. PathoLogic, a component of the Pathway Tools
software package can create complete Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs) from genomic
sequence and annotation files for any organism. This tool can predict the metabolic pathways
using MetaCyc as a reference knowledge base. This work aimed to apply a bioinformatics
approach to curate a PGDB created for the Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2. This
archaeon grows optimally at 80o C and pH 2-4. The complete genome of S. solfataricus P2 was
released in 2001. Created PGDBs often need manual curations to fill in the metabolic gaps that
the software failed to detect.
Methods: We used Pathway Tools to create the PGDB for the Sulfolobus solfataricus P2.
Bioinformatics curation for carbohydrate metabolism pathway (Entner-Doudoroff “ED”) and
TCA cycle was carried out. Literature search as well as homology-, orthology- and context-
based protein function prediction methods were followed for this curation using the Editors
component of the Pathway Tools program.
Results: Curation modified the number of the pathways in the database by adding extra
pathways that have not been detected by the PathoLogic. New pathways such as semi-
phosphorylated ED and a new variation of the TCA cycle were added to the PGDB of S.
solfataricus P2. Filling in the metabolic holes (missing enzymes) in the pathways under study
was also involved in the curation process.
Conclusion: The bioinformatics curation of the PGDB of S. solfataricus P2 improved the
database that can serve as a reference knowledge base for genomic annotations and metabolic
pathway reconstructions of other organisms especially the closely related Archaea

Back ground: Rice bran is an industrial waste resulting from the grain milling process. Consisting of husk, aleurone, and fractions. It contains many nutrients, including soluble and insoluble fiber, vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, and phytochemicals such as Ɣ-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols and tricin which has health-beneficial properties.
Objective: The aim of research to estimate antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety and the tricin compound purified from it, by the method of nitric oxide suppression activity and the effectiveness of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and the effect of the temperatures (63, 72,72, 85,100, 121,121, and 138) Co and the pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) in the activity.
Materials and methods: Samples of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety were collected from Al-Tahbeesh sites in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf for the year (2021). The aqueous extract was prepared using the maceration in boiling distilled water with a temperature of 70 C°, and the crystals of tricin were isolated by using a silica gel column (60) and solvents recovery n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. This process resulted in nine parts (A-I) of the ethyl acetate solvent, concentrated in a rotary evaporator and left in the refrigerator 48 hours with the addition of chloroform to it. Needle-shaped yellow crystals were obtained, which were used to estimate antioxidant activity.
Results: The effectiveness of purified tricin as an ability to inhibit nitric oxide was higher than that of the aqueous extract of rice bran and ascorbic acid at percentages of (97.82, 72.99 and 77.20)% respectively at a concentration of 400 µg / ml, the highest concentration used, also tricin was superior in inhibiting lipid peroxidation of 98.31% over the aqueous extract of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety 81.28% and ascorbic acid 93.10 at the same concentration, purified tricin showed stability towards temperatures at times (30 min, 15 sec, 30 min, 1 min, 30 min, 5 min, 15 min and 2 sec) higher than that of the aqueous extract in both methods, as the effectiveness ratios of tricin by nitric oxide suppression method reached (64.25, 53.87, 42.78, 47.44, 38.48, 45.74 , 39.04 and 36.13)% respectively, and by the lipid peroxide suppression method (90.73, 85.06, 63.32, 77.50, 32.27, 76.65, 35.06 and 25.30) % respectively, the two methods of effectiveness were used to estimate the stability of the aqueous extract of rice bran and the tricin towards different pH. The effectiveness of tricin was higher than the aqueous extract of rice bran at all tested numbers, and the highest effectiveness of tricin at pH (pH7) with the method of inhibiting nitric oxide and inhibiting lipid peroxidation was (46.56 and 90.92)% respectively.
Conclusion: purified tricin higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract using both methods, and showed higher stability towards changes in temperature and during different time periods, and higher stability towards a change in pH, especially in neutral conditions compared to acidic conditions and basal.

Background: the interaction of human with dioxin and possible outcome from exposure to such compounds was reviewed. Red flag was raised to investigate these compound following media inquiries dealing with assassination of the Ukraine presidential candidate Victor Yushchenko using the most toxic dioxin, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin or TCDD.
Results: Human may be exposed to dioxins following environmental, occupational, or accidental pollutant that when enter the body they are either metabolized then eliminated with different capacity depending on individual’s physiology, health, does been administrated, or can be stored in body fat. Detoxification of dioxins occurs by microsomes enzymes that alter their structure by adding oxygen to lipophilic chemicals in the liver.
Conclusions: Dioxins exert carcinogenic action in human, and other morbidities such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes, and with extend exposure they can disrupt nervous, immune, reproductive, and endocrine system. From the other hand, exposure to high doses within short time cause liver function impairment and chloracne. Deformed fetuses in many births were attributed to dioxins poisoning. Ramifications on health were documented through scientific reports placing dioxins of high toxicity to human.

Background: Comparison of genetic characteristics among species of Suaeda spp.
Objective: identifying the genetic characteristics among species Suaeda (Amaranthaceae) in Anbar Governorate. (From August 2020 to September 2021 fresh plant samples were collected in the flowering stage for the studied species).
Materials and methods: The genetic diversity of the Suaeda species was studied after DNA extraction and using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats Reaction method to recorded in the genetic aspects. DNA was extracted from young leaves of the studied species. The concentration and purity of the DNA were determined, and the detection of genetic relationships between the studied plant species as well as finding this genetic fingerprint by ISSR Reaction.
Results: The results showed that the plant samples collected during study belong to species of the genus Suaeda, and these species were: S. aegyptiaca, S. altissima, S. carnosissma, S. fruticosa, S. monoica, S. vera and S. vermiculata symbolized by (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) respectively for the purpose of brevity. The results showed that there was the highest close between S. aegyptiaca and S. vera which amounted to 0.6319, and the results showed that there was the least closeness between S. aegyptiaca and S. carnosissma which amounted to 0.4231.
Conclusion: Genetic traits are among the stable traits that can be adopted in separating the studied species. The genetic study, especially at the DNA level, is one of the most important modern taxonomic studies that rely on PCR technology for the accuracy of its results and the speed of obtaining results.There are at least seven species of the genus Suaeda in the western province of Anbar Governorate - Iraq.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a worldwide issue in all age groups. It was discovered that vitamin D insufficiency is linked to autoimmune disorders such as Irritable bowel illness, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin D is also connected to the development of thyroid autoimmune disease and plays an important role in endocrinopathies including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, adrenal diseases, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Materials and methods: 100 samples were collected for women from Al-Khalidiya city in Anbar province (50 samples likely to have thyroid problems, 50 healthy samples). The levels of vitamin D and thyroid hormones were measured using A Minividus system (which combines a two-step enzyme sands assay with an ELFA, or End Fluorescent Detection Method).
Results: The current findings revealed that there are significant variations in vitamin D and T4 levels between patients and healthy controls ( P-value 0.05). There is also a positive association between vitamin D levels and T4 (r = 0.378, P-value = 0.007), as well as a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and TSH (r = -0.373, P-value = 0.008).
Conclusion: According to our result, Individuals with hypothyroidism in Alkhaldia have a vitamin D3 deficiency. In addition, b


lood vitamin D levels show a positive correlation with T4 and a negative correlation with TSH levels. To avoid developing osteoporosis if hypothyroidism persists, all hypothyroid Iraqi patients should be checked for Vitamin D deficiency.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate Thymus vulgaris (T.vulgaris) ethanolic extract protective role for lymphocytes viability and prevent DNA damage by long-term exposure to Lead acetate (Pb) via ingestion.
Material and method: A number of 24 females adult rats were divided into equal groups; 1st Group, as control, 2nd Group administered with lead acetate 5 mg/kg B.W oral gavage lead acetate for 60 days and 3rd Group treated with lead acetate at dose 5mg/kg B.W and T.vulgaris extract at doses 75mg/kg B.W for 60 days.
Result: Results of leukocytes (WBCs) and lymphocyte count revealed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the 2nd group and an increase in the 3rd group in comparison to the 1st group. Also the result of Lymphocyte/Neutrophil ratio increased significantly (P≤0.05) in the 2nd and 3rd groups as compared to the 1st group. lymphocytes viability were evaluated using trypan blue, showed statistically (P≤0.05) less viable lymphocytes cells were in the 2nd group and more viable lymphocytes cells were found in the 3rd group when comparing to 1st group. Ingestion of T.vulgaris showed a protective role in preventing DNA damage according to comet assay.
Conclusion the ethanolic T.vulgaris polyphenols extracted molecules with their unique chemical molecular structure withstand lead toxicity, could be due to chelate lead activity.

Back Ground: The plant tissue culture technique is one of the biotechnologies that means
isolating a plant cell, tissue or organ, sterilizing it and cultivating it on sterile artificial food
media under conditions completely free of pathogens, and then the transplanted part develops
into a complete plant similar to the original from which it was taken. Under controlled
environmental conditions of temperature, humidity and lighting, as defined by others as sterile
cultivation of cells, tissues, organs and their components under certain chemical and physical
conditions in vitro.
Objectives: This study aimed to propagate the medicinal chia plant using the technique of
plant tissue culture.
Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory
of the College of Agriculture, Anbar University. Sterilized chia seeds were sown on the MS
nutrient medium equipped with the GA3 growth regulator for the purpose of obtaining
vegetative growths in the cultivation tubes, at the rate of one seed per vial, using tweezers
previously sterilized with alcohol and flame. After obtaining the required growths, the stem
nodes were cut into pieces 1 cm long and planted on MS medium prepared with different
concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 2, 3) mg L-1. And by interfering with NAA (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) mg L-1
with the aim of the emergence and multiplication of vegetative branches within a factorial
experiment with two factors (4 × 4) with 10 replications for each treatment. 16 hours and 8
hours dark. In the rooting experiment, different concentrations of IBA (0, 1, 2) mg L-1 were
used, interfering with BR (0, 0.1, 0.2) mg L-1, and measurements were taken after one month.
Results: It was observed through the obtained results that there were significant differences
between the different concentrations of growth regulators used in the experiment in the
multiplication and rooting of the branches.
Conclusions: Regarding the doubling stage, there is an increase in the number of branches as
the concentration of the growth regulator BA increases. For rooting, the growth regulator
brassinosteroids outperformed auxin indole butyric acid in root lengths and numbers.