Journal of Techniques

COVID-l9 is considered a global health emergency, this disease mostly affects all individuals and its symptoms are similar to the common cold. The purpose of this study is to compare diabetic and non-diabetic patients in some biochemical tests of patients infected with COVID-l9. Of the l20 patients included in the study, 7l patients were male (59.l7%) and 49 were female (40.83%). The study showed that the highest percentage was in males with diabetes (63.33%), followed by non-diabetics (55.00%), without significant difference. As for the age group, the study appeared in the ages over 50 years, and it was most common among non-diabetics in addition to diabetes. Mean glucose was significantly different between the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group. For the diabetic group, the mean blood sugar was 229.22 ± 82.25mg/dl, while the mean blood sugar in the non-diabetic group was l32.25 ± 44.08 mg/dl. In addition, there was a significant difference in mean HbA1c between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups p < .001. For the diabetic group, the mean HbA1c was 7.5l ± l.27 %, but in the non-diabetic group, the mean HbA1c was 5.41 ± 0.73% .While there was a significant difference between the two groups with and without diabetes in the mean ferritin ratio p < .00l. For the diabetic group, the mean serum ferritin was 638.78 ± 327.78 ng/ml , although in the non-diabetic group, the mean serum ferritin was 393.74 ± 330.83 ng/ml.
There were no significant difference between the diabetic and non-diabetic group in the mean of D-dimer, urea, creatinine and uric acid, in the diabetic groups, the mean was 6.00 ± 5.80 ug/ml , 86.02 ± 64.27 mg/dl, 1.64+1.45mg/dl and 5.37 ± 3.11mg/dl, respectively.
While in the non-diabetic group, the mean was 5.82 ± 5.76 ug/ml, 74.68 ± 68.27mg/dl, 1.88 ± 2.62 mg/dl, and 4.86 ± 2.62 mg/dl , respectively.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)effects around one-third of the population and is frequently under recognized by patients and clinicians. GFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, A minimum of 30 mg of albuminuria per 24 hours, Hematuria or structural abnormalities are signs of kidney damage such like polycystic kidney disease or dysplastic kidneys that persists for more than 3 months. The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of serum cystatin C as a measure of renal function in individuals. Cystatin C Creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were measured in 225 blood samples (150 patients and 75 controls). Cystatin C was measured as enzymatic link absorbance assay and the measurements of urea, creatinine, and uric acid were performed using the Cobas c311. Cystatin C levels, urea, serum creatinine, and uric acid were found to be highly significant differences (p <0.01) between the patient and control. Cystatin C is useful to detect individuals with CKD who show a little reduction in GFR as compared to serum creatinine serum Cystatin C, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels all rise as eGFR falls. Serum Cystatin C could be utilized to evaluate people who have poorly managed diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure when the Serum Creatinine level is inconclusive

Nanoparticles of the three antibiotics of Nano-kit (mixture of amoxicillin NPs, azithromycin NPs, and metronidazole NPs) were produced by deep-freezing method (Lyophilization) antibiotics. Deep-freezing method proved to be more reliable method in producing of nanoparticles with antibacterial effects. FESEM was used to characterize the nanoparticles of the three Nano-antibiotics with the Nano dimension. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) study showed that new form of the three Nano antibiotics in Nano-kit (mixture of amoxicillin NPs, azithromycin NPs, and metronidazole NPs) is safe to be use in human body since it acts as anti-oxidative reagent which have all nanoparticles of three antibiotic and the mixture of them without any oxidation peaks

Background: People with epilepsy often have other health conditions. Epidemiological findings are an important source of information on the topic of epilepsy comorbidity. These investigations show that patients with epilepsy frequently suffer from co-occurring disorders, involving nearly all body systems.
Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of comorbidities among epilepsy patients. Patient and method: a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Imam Al-Sadiq general hospital, included 225 participants collected from 10th January/2022 to 10th May/2022. The sample was collected under the supervision of neurologist. Results: The mean age of epilepsy was (32.26 ± 13.94).(55.6%) of the participants were male and (44.4%) were female, the male to female ratio was 1.25:1. Vast majority (83.5%) of the studied sample had at low socio-economic status. prevalence of comorbidities among patients with epilepsy was high Among medical comorbidities, the highest percentage (56.9%) of participants were suffer from migraine. Among psychiatric comorbidities, (67.1%) of them were suffer from anxiety and (61.9%) with depression. (7.6%) of patient were suffer from Dementia/ Alzheimer’s disease as cognitive comorbidities. Conclusion: We found an increased risk for a full spectrum of medical, psychiatric disorders. The most common medical comorbidities were migraines and musculoskeletal system disorders. more than half of participants were suffer from anxiety and depression. half of them with sleep disorders. Recommendations: more comprehensive assessment with advanced diagnostic and treatment standards and treating not only the epilepsy but

A novel pandemic COVID-19 occurred in 2019. Most studies across the world are concerned with this outbreak. In this prospective study, a certain biomarker was estimated as a predicting factor in 150 recovered COVID-19 patients and group of 50 healthy controls. The serum creatinine, Aspartate aminotransferase, Interlukin-24, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen were measured using different techniques. The results revealed that the level of AST in recovered patients exceeded that of the healthy control group with a highly significant difference. There was also a highly significant increase in the level of IL-24 in recovered patients in comparison with that in healthy control, while both prothrombin time and fibrinogen levels were lower in recovered patients compared to healthy control. We conclude that the variation in the level of parameters of interest may reflect a prognostic view in recovered COVID-19 patients.

Background: A. baumannii is an opportunistic pathogn that was once regarded as a low-category pathogen but is now a prominent source of hospital and community-acquired illnesses. It is a prevalent cause of pneumonia Aim : To investigate the prevalence of antibiotics resistance among A baumannii.
Methods Two-hundred clinical smaples were collected including (burns, sputum, urine and wound swabs) from individuals suffering from different complaints such as surgical and wound infections, burns inflammation, inflammation of the urinary tract, pneumonia and COVID-19 patients. 86 A. baumannii bacterial isolates could be picked up from these samples using routine test and VITEK-2 system. After diagnosis the A baumannii strains were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against Seven type of antibiotics.
Results A baumannii isolates a exhibited high resistance rate under the effect of tetracyclin , Ciprofloxacine ,Meropenem and Amikacin antibiotics (92%,76, 72%,72%) respectively. Multidrug resistance profile of 86 A baumannii isolates were 47.6% DR, 37.6% XDR and 15.1 MDR. A significant difference was noticed between the susceptibility profile of 86 A. baumannii isolates at ( F.S.P. 50.5, p-value= 0.001).
Conclusions: Reduced susceptibility or resistance to carbapenems is increasingly being observed in A. baumannii clinical isolates, which is an opportunistic bacterium associated with serious hospital infections.

: Occupational hazards include any behaviors which possess the potential to cause or raise risks at the workplace, as well as the compounding effects of accidents and occupational diseases within workers in the health and medical field. As a result, such hazards have a deleterious impact on staff, their families and friends, and the country.
Objective: to identify the levels of knowledge of medical and paramedical staff regarding occupational hazards in their workplaces.
research Methods: An observational snapshot cross sectional study, started at Jan 5th and up to April 10th, 2022 at 3 hospitals and 3 health centers at Baghdad governorate, on 485 participants from medical and paramedical staff, information about knowledge collected through a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher.
Results: Results observed more than half responses regarding of sub domain "General Knowledge's items" had a “Good” evaluating and assigned for 6 (54.55%), while the leftover item are assigned an “Accepted” evaluation, then followed by the second sub domain of "Specific Knowledge's items" an “Accepted” evaluating for 4(57.14%) items, while leftover items assigned a “Good” evaluation.
Recommendation: The introduction of modern educational programs among medical and paramedical personnel is essential in order to expand their understanding of occupational hazards in their respective fields of practice.

The papillomaviridae viral family includes HPV. When it comes to female sexually transmitted diseases, the genital tract is the primary site of infection for genital type HPVs, which are further divided into high- and low-risk subgroups depending on the likelihood that they will cause cancer of the genital tract. High-risk HPV strains 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer. Sexual contact or skin-to-skin contact is the primary mode of transmission of HPV.
Objective: to assess the degree of Practice among a sample of paramedical workers concerning the Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer.
Subject and Methods: Five hospitals and 25 primary health care centers in the Al-Najaf governorate were studied in this cross-sectional observational descriptive cross-sectional research. Starting on December 19th, 2021 and concluding on April 18th, 2022, data was gathered for four months.Results: According to the results of the present research, which included (five hundred) Paramedical employees aged 20-59 years, the age group with the largest proportion (66.4%) was that of 20-29 years. Whereas, in terms of gender, the largest proportion of women (64.6 percent ). Almost all paramedics work in urban areas. In addition, almost half of the participants came from medical institutions, accounting for 51.6 percent of the total, while just 2.4 percent were graduates of secondary schools. Only 2.4% of the paramedical staff had any kind of education or training on HPV or cervical cancer. Excellent practice evaluations for the Human Papillomavirus and cervical cancer were much higher among paramedical providers (79 percent ).Conclusions: Most of the paramedics who were evaluated for their practices addressing cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV) received good grades. Recommendation: Health authorities, social groupings, and non-governmental organizations should work together to communicate information about the human papillomavirus and cervical cancer to the general population. In order to educate and sensitize medical professionals about HPV screening technologies and the most current screening and treatment guidelines, conduct educational initiatives.

Cervicitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of primarily the columnar epithelium of the uterine endocervix. It can be acute or chronic. Prostaglandin endo peroxide synthase2
(Cyclooxygenase-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis, which is coded by the PTGS2 gene, is recognized as the master switch that activates the inflammatory response; its induction leads to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
venous blood samples were obtained from 100 women with cervicitis whose ages ranged from 18 to 60 years, and 100 healthy women as a control group. Detection of CA19-9, CA- 125 and CA 15-3 markers was performed by using Cobas E411 analyzer while the CRP test was detected by using Afias CRP instrument. The conventional PCR was used for gene detection and DNA sequencing.
The mean± SD of Ca125,CA15.3 and CRP showed a highly significant differences between patient (30.33±1.09), (22.82±1.07) , (88.06±5.88) respectivly and the healthy control (19.40±0.68), (18.34±0.77), (6.73±0.12) respectivly,P-value >0.001. The mutation in PTGS2 gene with highly CA125 marker 100(100%) and CRP levels 20(80%), while in CA15.3 marker 3(15%) and CA19.9 marker 1(5%).
The mutation occurence in analysis of rs20417 NSP of PTGS2 gene with wild CC GG and the variation C>G G>C.
The current study aimed to determine the CA125, CA 19.9, and, CA 15.3 markers level and their relationship with the COX-2 gene

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a term referring to blood clots in the veins, is an underdiagnosed and dangerous, yet avoidable, medical illness that can result in disability and mortality. When a blood clot develops in a deep vein, commonly in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, it is referred to as a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors of VTE between cases and controls in the hospital Imam Sadiq Teaching in Babylon City and to predict variables that contribute to the risk factors of VTE among the studied samples. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in a hospital, Imam Sadiq Teaching in Babylon, Iraq, and was designed as a case control. There were 165 participants (55 cases and 110 controls). Data was collected during a four-month period. Results: The findings show that there are no significant sociodemographic risk factors for VTE, with the most significant being obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (p. value < 0.05) among patients. The frequency of exercise in patients with VTE and the control group was 20.0%, 36.4% respectively, at a significant level (P. value < 0.05).There was no significant association between risk factors for females and VTE (P. value > 0.05) except for used contraceptive pills and a history of a cesarean operation. There was no significant link between medical history and the outcome of this investigation (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and lung diseases)... except kidney disease was likely at a higher risk of VTE than participants who had no kidney disease. Conclusion: Although there is no significant relationship between sociodemographic and VTE, the study found that there was a very high correlation between the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, caesarean sections, oral contraceptives, and renal disease with VTE.

Background: Medical waste (MW) is a serious problem in many developing countries, Iraq is one of them that face challenges in managing it due to the environmental and human health risks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers on medical waste management and determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of healthcare workers with knowledge and practices. methods: A descriptive; cross sectional study conducted at Al-Najaf governorate hospitals. It include 443 participants collected from 2nd January until 31th March 2022 using a structured questionnaire depends on the National Guide to Infection Control in the Iraqi Health Institution and the previous studies. Results: A 443 participants with the mean ± SD of their ages was 29.18 ±7.68 years, female were represented (58.9%). The highest percentage of the studied sample were paramedical staff (70%), had Baccalaureate certification (44%), period of experience (1-5) years (62.98%). The majority of them (69.1%) did not undergo any training program. In general, knowledge about MWM is fair (69.9%), good (25.1%) and (4.9%) poor, while about practices, (38.6%) had poor practices, (38.6%) fair, (25.1) good. Conclusion: This study concluded that healthcare workers in Al-Najaf hospitals had fair knowledge and practices about Medical Waste Management.

Childhood obesity was rarely seen. But over the past few years, more people have started to see this thing. This issue is mostly attributable to families' shifting lifestyles in the modernized Iraq, where they now have greater spending power, easier access to goods and services, and the means to live more comfortably and opulently because to advancements in technology. Subjects and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 100 children with obesity and 100 healthy participants in primary health care centers at Hilla city. The study used a convenience sampling technique (non-random sampling technique) to choose the children with obesity and control groups via take body anthropometry and direct interviews. The data collection continued for a period of 3 months starting on 2nd January 2022 and ending on 1st April,2022. Results: The results found that girl children are likely at higher risk for obesity at 2.125 times than boys. While children whose mothers have low professionals are a likely at less risk for obesity than children who their mother have high professionals (B= -2.065-; P. value< 0.001; OR= 0.127; 95% C.I 0.055-0.291). In addition, a high percentage of obese children gain weight after covid-19. Conclusion: The study revealed female children, mothers with low professional, the mother that gained a high weight during pregnancy, and the heredity of obesity are significantly associated with an increased risk of obesity in children

Background: Additive manufacturing is a popular method of producing items directly from digital models through a layer-by-layer material build-up process.
Aim: to evaluate the Current State of Knowledge on Dental Co-Cr Alloy Additive Manufacturing Techniques.
Materials and methods: Innovative additive printing technologies have made it possible to produce intricate dental components customized for each patient. This study investigated the manufacturing method (build orientation and process parameters), post-processing techniques, and metallic powders utilized in dental applications (stress relieving, surface finishing). The databases PubMed, Science Direct, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used to carry out an electronic search. A manual search of pertinent article citations was also carried out; inclination angle, stress relieving, heat treatment, cobalt-chromium, selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, and powder bed fusion, dentistry were some of the keywords utilized. Although this publication tries to contain the most recent study from the previous eleven years (2010–2021), and to explain the materials powders and metal used in dental applications
Results: A cutting-edge technique called additive manufacturing uses a layer-by-layer approach to material build-up to produce things directly from digital models. It is missing a tool, a manufacturing process that produces fully thick metallic components quickly and with good precision. Qualities of additive aspects of production such component design flexibility, part complexity, light- weighting, component consolidation, and functional design are generating specific interest in the additive fabrication of metal for use in automotive, marine, oil & gas, and aerospace industries during powder bed fusion, each layer of the powder bed is only partially fused employing a laser or electron beam as an energy source, the recent and most promising additive manufacturing technologies utilized to produce intricate, low-volume, tiny metallic parts
Conclusion: By using computer-aided design (CAD) technology, recent developments in digital dentistry have changed dental offices and dental laboratories, by utilizing 3D printing because precise metal framework fitting and technique faster.

Patients with chronic liver disease experience a variety of symptoms with profound negative impact on health-related quality of life. Also, non-life-threatening symptoms such as fatigue, muscle and joint pain, pruritus, loss of appetite, and digestive problems can hugely decrease their quality of life and well-being. Objective: The study aimed to identify most properties of the specific health related quality of life in patients suffering from (CLDs), and in order to find out the relationships among an overall evaluation of specific health related quality of life in patients with (CLDs) with some associated variables., such as [sociodemographic characteristics]. Patient and methods: A cross sectional study design was performed at the Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases center in Babylon governorate, including 133 participants collected from 2nd January 2022 to 4th April 2022. Results: There is a clear discrepancy in the level of responses for the studied domains, Specific quality of life for patients studied assigned that observed responses are mostly moderate, and they are accounted 15 (55.17%), and items of having a high level evaluation accounted 11 (37.93%), and leftover items by having a low evaluation are accounted 2 (6.90%). Conclusion: According to this article's findings, patients with (CLDs) have to go down regarding specific quality of life, since most studied items are accounted a moderate responding. Recommendations: The necessity to carry out similar further large-scale studies in different Iraqi regions in order to identify aspects of excellence and regression that progress and slow in the light of which the results of evaluating the health status related to the specific quality of life for (CLDs) patients.

Acute leukemia is the most cancer has frequency in children, Malnutrition is one of the common complications of children with cancer, and malnutrition has been identified as a significant factor in treatment tolerance, increased morbidity, poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and higher healthcare expenses.
The study objective was to assessing the nutritional status of children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy, and find any association between malnutrition and the others factor.
The study Methods were a case-control study was conducted in Karbala city/Iraq, for 3 months, the study sample included 140 children (70 cases and 70 controls) aged (2 to 14) years, by used convenient sampling and use special questionnaire design and measuring anthropometric measures.
The results were revealed that the highest percentage of patients in the age group 5-10 years (47.1%), the boys was (55.7%), (52.9%) of patients live in urban, highly significant association (p.value < 0.001) of family history of cancer, has less physical activity and psychological effects on loss of appetite.
Nutritional assessment during chemotherapy were (48.6%) of case groups were normal weight, The results of this study indicate that the participants have who normal weight was a likely lower risk of complication acute leukemia than those with acute malnutrition (P. value=0.022; OR=0.297).
According to the mid-upper arm composition assessment, the results show the highest percentage (35.7%, 34.3%) of patients were wasted and below average muscle area, and the highest percentage (51.4%, and 88.6%) of case and control groups were normal fat respectively.
Effect of dietary habits can be summarized as the children treated with chemotherapy are consuming diets of medium quality, with little quantity
conclusion: the children with acute leukemia had a high association of a malnutrition with low socioeconomic status, poor dietary habits, low physical activity, psychological effects, and duration and type of cancer therapy.

chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing international health concern with elevation mortality value in the world today and it is generally progressive and irreversible, defined by changes in kidney shape, function, or both lasting at least three months. Renal disease is commonly associated with Abnormalities of minerals and electrolyte.Levels of Ca change and the FGF23 increase early in CKD. This study was designed to show the Correlation of FGF23 and Ca in chronic kidney disease patients .One hundred blood samples(57males and 43 females) from CKD patients have been gathered from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2021 to March 2022 besides 50 samples as apparently healthy control. The age groups in the current study was at 33-75 years for CKD patient and 30-65 years for control. The fibroblast growth factor 23 was screen by ELISA method and serum Calcium, by cobas c111 analyze. Ca, FGF23 is statistically highly significant at p-value =0.001 . The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve results revealed the sensitivity and specificity for FGF23 was 100%. .The conclusion of the current study appear that the.FGF 23 was high in all CKD patients and Ca was high in two patients, normal in thirty-seven patients ,and decrease in sixty-one patients

Multiple myeloma, often known as myeloma, is a kind of bone marrow cancer. The bone marrow is a spongy tissue in the middle of some bones that creates the body's blood cells. The current study is designed to find the correlation between Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and ß2-Microglobulin with other renal markers among patients with multiple myeloma and healthy people. One hundred twenty patients with multiple myeloma and sixty healthy control were attending the National Center for Teaching Laboratories (NCFTL), Baghdad Hospital Advisory (BHA), and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. For the period from November 2021 to March 2022. Information taken from patients involved age, genus, drugs used, and other medical details. Multiple myeloma disease was diagnosed using symptoms, biochemical testing, x-ray, and clinical examination by specialists. Then serum urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin are done by Autoanalyzer. Furthermore, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and ß2-Microglobulin were done by ELISA technique. The present study found that the male patients in the age range (60-69) and (50-59) years had a higher percentage (30%, 20% and 36%,16.7%) than female patients in both studied groups. The multiple myeloma disease patients with urea and creatinine above normal had a highly significant increase (p= 0.000) in the mean ± SD of urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, Beta 2 microglobulin, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (57.83±30.92 mg/dl, 2.09±1.38 mg/dl, 77.95±13.08 g/l, 42.52±11.16 g/l, 39.14±16.20, 452.50±188.83) respectively. In addition, patients with urea and creatinine normal had a highly significant increase (p= 0.000) in the mean ± SD of creatinine, total protein, Globulin, Beta 2 microglobulin, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (0.80±0.20 mg/dl, 73.07±11.75 g/l, 40.34±10.67 g/l, 43.28±18.78, 432.77±198.45) respectively compared with the healthy controls.

Aim: The objectives of this study to evaluate the effect of the thermocycling on the fracture strength of of interim restorations obtained through additive techniques (3D primting) and subtractive techniques (milling) using a computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) system.
Materials and methods: A dentoform maxillary molar tooth was prepared for full coverage crowns. The prepared model was digitally scanned by extraoral scanner. Duplication of master die into metal dies (chrome cobalt alloy). In total, 40 samples were manufactured and divided into two groups (n=20) using CAD/CAM technology using (Bilkim) CAD PMMA disc and (n=20) 3D printing technology using Asiga dentatooth resin material.10 sample from each group were subjected to thermal cycles(1250cycles,5-55c). The fracture resistance then measured for all samples with a universal testing machine.
Results: The mean ± SD values of fracture resistance were recorded for milled group before thermocycling (560.50 ±83.581 N) and after thermocycling (901.00± 311.598) mean while the mean ± SD value recorded with printed group before thermocycling (1972.50±399.181N) and after thermocycling ( 2284.10±239.001N), it was found that printed group recorded statistically significant higher fracture resistance mean value than milled group. Conclusions: provisional crowns constructed using 3-D printing technique showed higher fracture resistance compared to milled provisional crowns.

Thalassemia is a group of inherited hemoglobin illnesses characterized by insufficient production of at least one of the globin chains, resulting in irregular globin-chain production. Damaged hemoglobin finally causes anemia.
To estimation the levels of CD8 in thalassemia patients. The present study was carried out in the Medical City and Al-Karama teaching hospitals in Baghdad and Al-Kut hospital for maternity and children in Wasit province, Iraq. Including 120 patients suffering from thalassemia from both genders, aged 20–49 years during the period from the beginning of January 2022 to the end of April 2022. It was the measurement of serum CD8 by the ELISA technique. The mean value of CD8 level was statistically significantly different in the studied groups (P<0.001).
The comparison revealed that the mean value of CD8 in patients frequently dialyzed without filter was statistically significantly higher than in both groups of patients dialyzed frequently with filter and dialyzed unfrequently, while when comparing the frequently dialyzed with filter group to the unfrequently dialyzed group, there is no significant difference

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease characterized by chronic autoimmune inflammation of body joints, causing movement disability, loss of functions, joint damage, and many complications. Persistent usage of anti-rheumatic drugs has several side effects, which may cause heart, kidney, or liver diseases. Aims: This study aimed to assess the influence of RA duration on kidney and liver enzymes and study the correlation between these enzyme levels and RA disease activity (CDAI). Method: This study stated that a total of 150 blood samples were collected, 100 for RA patients (61 were seropositive, 39 were seronegative), and 50 for healthy Control. throughout the period from November 2021 to February 2022. The blood samples were collected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Rheumatology Consulting Clinic. General information had been collected from each subject according to a questionnaire that had been applied for this purpose. Result: The age groups of patients and control were between 22-72 years, and 26-62 years, respectively. The female was more than the male. The blood samples were taken from patients and control groups to screen liver and kidney functions by an automated biochemical system using the SELECTRA PRO X2 device, in addition to the ESR test. Conclusion: The study showed that the level of urea, creatinine, GPT, and GOT was either normal or slightly elevated and they are non-significantly associated with RA disease activity, the little effect of RA on kidney and liver may be related to the low doses of methotrexate and corticosteroid therapy which used mostly for these patients and didn’t reach to toxicity.

Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits immunological response and inflammation. The purpose of this study is to look into the role of IL-37 and if it correlates with disease activity in some Iraqi RA patients. The scope of the investigation comprised 76 female people with RA who are aged of (45.38 ±1.23 years) and 40 controls of (46.48 ± 2.02years). When compared to controls, the level of serum IL-37 was shown to be considerably elevated in RA patients. (49.16 ± 3.25pg/ml vs. 32.04 ± 2.22pg/ml; p ≤ 0.05). However, the DAS28 score results showed a non-significant difference between the mild and severe rheumatoid arthritis patients. There was a positive association, statistically significant between the DAS28 score and anti-CCP Abs, RF. A positive correlation between DAS28 and ESR. While non-significantly correlated between DAS28 and CRP, IL-37.

Background: The selective laser melting (SLM) system reaches the status of a contender with the traditional casting of dental alloys, with the essential drawback that it is conducive to roughness, making surfaces difficult to finish by the conventional method. Ultrasonic machines (USM) are instrumentally sensible for processes involving metal surface adjustments.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the surface roughness for SLM by using USM instead of conventional finishing.
Approach: The discs of cobalt chromium alloy were printed by SLM (n = 20) and evenly divided into two groups: one for finishing in compliance with the manufacturer's standard procedure, and the other for employing USM. The specimens were evaluated using the Surface Roughness Test, and the data was analysed using the t-test.
Result: Highly significant differences were found at P < 0.01. Furthermore, the mean value accounted for a low level of readings (Ra) in the USM group, which amounted to 1.707, and with regard to the control group, it was 4.539.
Conclusion: Ultrasonic finishing processes promote the competence of the finishing procedure and improve the surface quality for dental cobalt chromium alloys that are printed by SLM technology.

Background: uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is considered one of the main causes of urinary tract infections .Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health care issue, particularly with regard to urinary tract infections.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection.Methods: Two-hundred sixty- four mid-stream urine samples were collected from people who had symptoms of urinary tract infection who visited Bagdad Medical-city Hospital. These samples were routinly cultured on different media and E. coli was identified using conventional methods and confirmed vy VITEK-2 system. Following diagnosis, 10 different types of antibiotics were tested for their sensitivity on E. coli strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Result: Out of 264 urine samples, 175 (66%) contained Gram-negative bacteria, E.coli was the most common uropathogenic isolate (38%), followed by K. pneumoniae (16%) and Staphylococcus spp. (12%). The majority of uropathogenic E.coli showed the most rate of resistance to Amoxicillin, Cefotaxim, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim/Slfamethoxazole(STX) and Tetracycline (88.0%, 75.0%, 67.0%, 65.0% and 57.0% respectively). Ninty-three percentage were sensitive to Meropenem, followed by Nitrufurnantion and Chloramphenicole (75.0% and 68.0%) respectively.Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that E. coli is the main pathogen inflicting UTIs on patients. Amoxicillin, Cefotaxim, Nalidixic Acid, Trimethoprim/Slfamethoxazole, and Tetracycline were among the antibiotics with the highest rates of resistance. In light of this, local sensitivity patterns rather than international guidelines should be the basis for empirical antibiotic therapy

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a result of the modern intense respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an unexpected fundamental global raise in the admission to hospitals for lung and other organ diseases. COVID-19 vaccination has increased and accelerated in a conscionable progress. More than 184 nominee vaccines are being tested in preclinical use and 104 in clinical stages of development. The current study aimed to know the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on female fertility hormones. The results obtained from the current study showed a slight increase in FSH and LH hormones for women infected with Covid-19 virus and for women who received the vaccine to prevent covid-19 virus compared to healthy, uninfected and unvaccinated groups (FSH 10.26±3.86 ,15.32±2.04 LH 15.41±2.76, 10.40±1.58 respectively), with non-significant differences (P>0.05), while the prolactin hormone levels showed a highly significant increase (P<0.01) in infected women who took the vaccine in comparison with its levels in healthy women who did not receive the vaccine and not infected (32.32±6.48, 19.62±4.04, 10.27±6.88 respectively). Conclusions: Covid- 19 vaccine affected the female hormones in one way or another.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is considered a common cardiovascular disease, in which there is a blood supply reduction to the myocardium, mostly due to atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. The instant study was designed to detect serum markers in Acute coronary syndrome patients infected with COVID-19 in Baghdad Governorate, by evaluating the level of Interleukin-23(IL-23) and level of creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB). Methods: A total of one hundred fifty participants were enrolled in the current study divided into three groups 50 patients with ACS and 50 ACS with COVID-19 patients, while 50 participants as apparently healthy controls. age and sex-matched with healthy controls were involved in the present study. Results: The serum IL-23 and CK-MB levels were measured using an ELISA technique Furthermore, serum concentrations of IL- 23 and CK-MB were significantly higher in ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (P≤0.01) also there was a highly significant difference at (P≥ 0.01) between ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: IL- 23 can be considered a biomarker for ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients

Coronavirus appeared to be increasing day by day, and the best way to confront this virus was by making effective and safe vaccines, so this study was conducted to compare the types of vaccines that were made against Corona disease in Diyala Governorate. One of the objectives of this study is to know the concentration and number of white cells, specifically lymphocytes and neutrophils, for two groups of people, first unvaccinated patients with corona and second, vaccinated corona patients. The study started from September 2021 to April 2022, and the Present study show there are significant differences (p<0.05) between Neutrophil and Lymphocytes parameters in the studied groups. The WBC count was achieved by full-auto hematology machine manidray technique. Neutrophils scored the highest mean value in vaccinated patients (75.74± 10.39 and 189.41±80.34), and the lowest mean value in healthy (58.32± 9.14 and 6.12±2.14) compared to unvaccinated patient groups. The Lymphocytes scored highest mean value in healthy groups (32.08± 7.64), and lowest mean value in unvaccinated patients’ groups (24.76± 12.34) compared to unvaccinated patients’ groups. The WBCs parameters did not score significant difference within study groups WBCs, Neutrophil, and Lymphocytes parameters showed no significant differences (p>0.05) among vaccine types. Taking into account the normal values and standard units of the results were as follows WBC account (4 – 10.6) x109 /L, the normal value of lymphocyte (20-40) % and neutrophil normal value (40 – 70) %.

surrounding bone stability. According to PubMed, and Google scholar, much FEA research on dental implants was published between 1988 and 2022.
Finite element analysis is an advanced technology used to examine implant-abutment links, dental implant design, and implant screw architecture to verify its usability and dependability in the field of dental implantology.
The purpose of this FEA literature study was to go over the concept applications of the finite element method (FEM) in dental implantology.
Many health-related problems, notably in dental implantology, can be swiftly and simply solved utilizing finite element methods, which combine strength, stress, material science, and architecture. Finite element methods not only give speedy and reliable data on the patients under investigation, but they also act as essential guidance for many clinical trials. To have a better understanding of the finite element modelling method.
For many years, the FEA approach has been employed in medicine and is frequently used in the study of dental implantology. It is a useful tool for permitting endless replication of studies that cannot be duplicated clinically in one-to-one circumstances in various settings.

Thyroid cancer is one of the fastest growing malignancies in recent years, with an increase of 14.51% per year. It has been shown that there is an association between some biomarkers and the progression of thyroid cancer. In this study, we aim to assess the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels and Thyroid function test (TSH, T3, T4) in patients with thyroid cancer. In the current study, (145) participants were divided into 3 groups: G1: (60 malignant thyroid gland patients, G2: (35 benign thyroid gland patients), and G3: (50 healthy control individuals as a control group). The patients attended to AL-Amal oncology Hospital in Baghdad and Imam Sadiq Hospital in Babylon province, Iraq during the period from November 2021 to February 2022. Depending on hematology analyzer the level of NLR and by Mini Vida's the TSH, T3, T4 were estimated in the studied groups. The results showed that the highest number and percentage of malignant thyroid tumors 21 (35%) was among the age group (50-≥ 60) years, while the lowest number and percentage of malignant tumors 10 (16.7%) was among the age groups (20-29) and (30-39) years. The results also demonstrated that the number and percentage of female patients with malignant thyroid tumors was 43 (71.7%) and males 17 (28.3%). A highly significant increase (P<0.01) in the levels of both NLR and TSH was observed in patients with malignant thyroid cancer when compared with their levels in the control group and benign tumor groups. The current study revealed that the age group (50-≥ 60) years and female patients were most affected by thyroid cancer and both NLR and TSH levels were highly increased in thyroid cancer patients. when compared with healthy group.

Miscarriage a is pregnancy loss that occurs within the first 23 weeks. The risk factors that increase miscarriage is multivariate. Spontaneous loss of a conception before the 20th week of pregnancy is known as a miscarriage. There are two types of miscarriage: spontaneous and recurrent, one or more sporadic miscarriages affects approximately 25 – 50 percent of all women. Recurrent miscarriage, on the other hand, affects about 1% of couples trying to conceive. There are a number of things that can cause a miscarriage, such as inflammatory and immune system diseases. This study aims to compare the levels of calcium, Zinc, lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum of women who have experienced a miscarriage with those of women who are pregnant and healthy. The study included 140 blood samples of women who suffered from a miscarriage and a healthy pregnant group. Calcium and Zinc were evaluated in serum of miscarriage and healthy control group, serum Malondialdehyde MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum SOD, antioxidant enzyme, and superoxide dismutase. The calcium concentration was low in aborted women compared with the healthy pregnant control group. Serum zinc levels were lower in women who had an abortion compared to those who were pregnant and healthy. The level of serum SOD and MDA in aborted women raveled differences significantly compared with the healthy pregnant group, a decrease in the mean level of SOD was noticed in aborted women in contrast to the healthy pregnant group. At the same time, MDA showed it enhanced among the aborted group compared with healthy delivered women.

In the current study, 200 cases with thalassemia (111 males and 89 females) were used. Case samples were obtained from persons listed for Baquba Teaching Hospital / Hematology Center from November 1st, 2019 to January 31, 2020. Data were taken from patients' get-in hospital clinical reports through a form prepared for collecting data. The study aims to measure the impact of some factors on Thalassemia. The results showed that there is an effect of the relationship between chronological age and getting the disease, as it was found that the highest percentage was within the age group (1-10) years. It was also found that the number of males carry the disorder is higher than the number of infected females. Also, the effect of the type of Thalassemia factor on the infection of the disease shows that those who carry thalassemia major are more affected than those who carry thalassemia intermedia. The effect of the blood type factor on the infection rate shows that the highest number of infected people was those with blood type O. The effect of the disease history factor on the infection of the disease shows that the category (less than one year old) is more likely to get the disease. The effect of the factor of the number of infections in the family shows that the category (there are no previous infections in the family) are more numerous.