Diyala Journal of Human Research

Intertextuality is one of the foremost terms that overcome a group of concepts based on, in their various levels and topics, its connotation whether in its naming or its synonyms. It is the \'modification or declension\' on the morphological level as the \"declension of verbs is moving them from the past to the present or the imperative, or from the active to the passive… or even modifying them in terms of the subject from the singular to the plural pronoun, from the masculine to the feminine, from the third person to the first or the second person\".
It is the \'development and variation\' in the wide and restricted sense, the general and the specific on the connotative level, even if connotation scholars placed it as the partition between (vastness and narrowness) or between (generalization and specificity) in this level. This is due to the fact that the new connotative concepts are explained in terms of this triple division encompassing any connotative development (generilisation of meaning, specification of meaning, intertextuality of meaning) to the extent that some of them started to name it the \'logical division\'. Yet, they were asserting that \'intertextuality is regarded the most significant form of change in meaning\'.
Moreover, it is the (metaphor and metonymy) on the rhetorical level as in \'people depended on his limit as said by Abdulqaher when dealing with intertextuality, and that each expression moved from its place is a metaphor\'. For the \'metaphor is the naming of the place it is approved in, as the same in saying \'Maaj\', the place of residence and \'Mazar\' which is shrine and the like. Its truth is the movement from a place to another. This meaning is taken to be used to indicate the transmission of expressions from one meaning to another\'.

This paper which is about The Juristic Views of Yahiya Ibna Abi Katheer in transactions and others has been classified into three chapters :
Chapter one is about Yahiya Ibn Abi Katheer , second chapter is about his views of finance contacts and the third talks about his views about the other transactions .
The end contains the findings then the reliable sources of the research .
The most important findings that the paper reaches :
1 – Views of Yahiya Ibna Abi Katheer are treasure that added to the Islamic juristic library .
2 – Sailing of fruit before its ripeness is permitted if its usable .
3 – Usufruct of plunder is not permitted without putting it in treasury before dividing the benefits .
4 – Sharing of deals is allowed because its importance these days .
5 – Black color is disagreeable but in war .
6 – Hunting of organs is permitted and it's contradictive with Yahiya's saying .
7 – Period of waiting of widow is four months and ten days but it's contradictive with saying of Ya

The paper aims at investigating the impact of Barman's model in improving reading comprehension among fourth stage-literary branch female students in the topic of Reading and Texts using the experimental method. In order to gain the objectives of the paper an experiment that has continued for a full semester in the academic year 2013-2014 is conducted. The researcher has intentionally chosen Al Iraqia High School for Girls in Khalis city to apply her experiment. The sample of the study is (50) female students divided equally into two groups; (25) female students in the experimental group, and (25) others in the controlling group. A match is done between the two groups in terms of (age in months, parents' education, midterm scores of the academic year 2013-2014, and language proficiency results). The researchers followed the experimental design of partial adjustment with pre and post tests for the two groups. The experiment took place from (Feb. 17. 2014) up to (May. 8. 2014). Upon finishing the experiment, results were statistically analyzed using the T-test on two independent samples. Results obtained showed excellence of the experimental group female students who are taught in compliance to Barman's model over the controlling group female students who are taught in the traditional method of reading comprehension improvement.

The ancients found out methods of rhetoric and oratory showing the splendor of eloquence and the charm of speech so they classified and divided their patterns supporting them with the Glorious Quranic examples. Some of these examples pertained in metaphor as"Tarsheeh and Tajreed, intensification and abstraction "which appear in some of the first rhetoric books. So, the researcher follows a very bold step in investigating novel examples from the Glorious Quran based on a holistic vision of the contextual observation of semantics .In the prologue, the researcher refers to the process of intensifying and abstracting metaphor as the ancients refer to it. Then, the study has been divided into two chapters ,the first one deals with "Tarsheeh" "intensification in metaphor" referring to its verbal and contextual denotation ,beside to its denotative impact and its existence. The second chapter , deals with"Tajreed" "abstraction in metaphor" referring to its denotative transformation in sentences as well as in a single word. Finally, the results and data have been drawn from the researcher's contemplation in the Glorious Quranic Texts which include these two metaphoric expressions as influential elements participating in the Quranic expression and forming stylistic cohesion in . I ask Allah to help and guide

Bardan is one of important Iraqi old cities , it gave a good share in Islsmic Arabic civilization . Now there is search about Bandeijen , Nahrwan , Almudaen , Shuhraban and Hulwan . The carrent stady aims at discovering the city of Bardan in terms of its foundation , naming , and its geographical location , it also deale with its villages , churches and pearches , Islamic corguering of the city , sbedding light on the economic , social and cultural sides of the city

The study of propaganda speech in the provincial elections has a great role because it accurse in a politically disturb environment that has its impact on whole Iraqi life , especially with sociability sides that brings many questions about this issue . The nature of this phenomenon and trends become an important thing so identification on the trends propaganda speech shows the vision of the future because of the producer of it will be the rollers of the country themselves . By all of these provincials that the candidates have called in country including Diyala governorate which doesn’t get the analyzing with the scientific way to see its trends . So the aims of this paper are :
Identifying the trends of propaganda speech for the elective campaign of the candidates of Diyala governorate council and showing speech effective of Diyala crowed nature . In addition showing the agreement of the advertisement campaigns in this issue .
Scope of the paper is limited by the propaganda speech of the candidate of Diyala and numbers of the slogans and phrases which are set to analyze reach ( 73 ) as analyzing the content . After analyzing the sample , the slogans be included to its own trends , so the paper has got findings and conclusions

The research aims at knowThe Effect of (think, pair, share) strategy on thestudents of Biology achievement in Algas and their attitude towardit.To fulfill this aim ,the following decimal hypothesis aremade:
1)There is nostatistical differences in the achievement on level(0,05) between the students who study according to (think-pair,share) strategy and those who study accordind to the ordinary way of teaching in Algas subject.
2)There is no statistical difference in scientific on level (0,05)between of the students who study according to (think,pair,share)strategy and those who study according to the ordinary way.The sample was two groups of students who were chosen from the third grade of Biology department /college of Education for pure Sciences/ University of Diyla. The first experimental groub which was composed of (45) students study according to (think,pair,share) strategy. The second standard groub which was composed of (45) students study according to the ordinary was of teaching .The time was the first course of 2013-2014.After equating the two groups ,the researchers used the post achievement test and measuring of attitudes which is prepared for this purpose .The results were the superiority of the first experimental group in achievement and attitude .Finaly,the researcher made their remarks and conclusions.

This study tries to investigate drinking water sufficiency in the cities of Al Muqdadiya District, Diyala that includes city center, Saeida Town and Al Wajehiya town and the efficiency of this service according to the planning standards approved in this field.
The study issue was investigating the reality of drinking water sufficiency in the cities of the district according to the efficiency of the service. The results have come up with the following:
1. The daily production capacity of the refineries does not fulfill the needs of these cities due to the demographic, urban, and commercial growth in them.
2. There is a flaw in spatial distribution of water refineries in the cities of the district.
3. The actual production of clean water facilities in the study area in 2013 is 22217 m3/day. Accordingly, the share of a single person is 221 m3/ person/day which is the less than the approved criteria of a person's need of clean water which is 360 m3/ person/day

The current study aims at finding out the effectiveness of syncetics strategy in developing innovative thinking among students in at literary fourth grade in history. So for the purpose of achieving this aim , the researcher formulates the following null hypotheses;
1- There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by the syncetics strategy and the mean scores of the control group which is taught the same subject by using the traditional way in innovative thinking pre- test and post-test.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of the experimental group who taught history subject by using the syncetics strategy in innovative thinking pre- test and post-test.
3- There are no statistically significant differences at level (0.5) between the mean scores of the control group who taught history subject by using the traditional way in innovative thinking pre- test and post-test.
The researcher used the experimental design in achieving the aims of study and verifying its hypotheses an quasi experimental design is selected. Randomly sample is chosen from the students of fourth stage at ( Khalil Martyr preparatory school an d Al-Asri high school) which are followed to the general directorate of education for diyala / Khanqeen district , as a sample of the study, it is consisted of 60 student in the amount of 30 students in experimental group who taught history syllabus according to syncetics strategy, and 30 students in control group who taught history syllabus according to the traditional way.
An equivalence has been done between the two groups in the number of variables including ( Intelligence quotient, age ( monthly counting ) , academic level of the father, academic level of the mother, pre-test of innovative thinking). The researcher taught the two groups by himself through the period of experiment which lasted an entire semester. The statistical methods are used for data processing are t-test for two independent samples and interrelated, chi-square , coefficient of difficulty, power discrimination and alpha – cronbach formula. The results of the study show that there are statistically significant differences at level (0.5) in favor of experimental group who taught the history of Arabic and Islamic civilization by using the syncetics strategy in developing innovative thinking on the control group who taught history subject by using the traditional way of teaching

Iraq is situated geographically in the belt drier in the world, which means that Iraqi agriculture depends on surface water resources and groundwater to provides irrigation water for agricultural stabilization and characterized these resources limitation and 100% of them shared with other countries in addition to the deterioration evident in the efficiency of usa promised protection and maintenance as that available to fill the water deficit conservation of resources and the use of non-conventional sources of water such as the use of wastewater and other according to specific controls.
Therefore, the protection and conservation of water resources quality and quantity become the best solutions available to Iraq’s water resources and exert more effort in planning and outreach work.
Human societies bocsed since ancient times the importance of water resources and the need to preserve it and use all the available technology that allows ht to develop and development 0f those resources to meet the different needs and uses.
We used many of the systems and technologies for the protection of surface water resources and groundwater such technologies hncrease freshwater and technologies improve
The quality of water and water conservation and technologies to address wastewater reuse and techniques prevent evaporation or reduce it to other promising technologies for water conservation, such as re-use of agricultural drainage water and health sewage.

This study " The Effectiveness of Educational Program According to Flavell Theory in Developing the metacognition Thinking Skills of The Intermediate School Students " aims at testing the following hypotheses :
1-There are no statistical differences at the level(0.05)between the scores of the experimental group before and after applying the educational program of metacognition skill measurement .
2-there are no statistical differences at the level(0.05) between the scores of the control group in the pre and post test by applying the metacognition thinking skills measurement.
3- There are no statistical differences at the level(0.05) between the scores of the experimental and control group in the post test of applying the metacognition thinking skill measurement.
So, to achieve the aim of this study , metacognition thinking skill measurement has been built as a tool for it ,moreover ,the psychometric principles of the measurement have been drawn(Virtual validity and Stability )by repeating the test .The reliability coefficient is about (0.81) ,the sample of the test consists of (40)Diyala Intermediate school students . Furthermore , the educational program has been based upon Flavell theory and its virtual validity has been tested by jury members or specialists in pedagogical and psychological sciences .Before applying the program , the equivalence of the two groups has been tested .Actually, the duration of the program application lasted for (29)days (3)sessions a week processing the study data by using statistical tools as"Mann-Whiteny Test , Wilcoxon Test"and using the statistical program (spss).Finally, the results of the present study show the effectiveness of educational program in developing the metacognition thinking skill of the intermediate school students and the experimental group .

The study aims at figuring out the impact of a counselling program in improving the need for love in intermediate school orphan children by means of testing the following hypotheses:
There are no statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the controlling group's scoring averages in the pre and post-tests the need for love scale.
There are no statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the experimental group's scoring averages before and after applying the counselling program in regard to the need for love scale.
There are no statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the experimental and controlling group's scoring averages in the post-test in regard to the need for love scale.
In order to achieve the aim of the study and gauging its hypotheses, an experimental method is conducted after the researcher has constructed a love need scale and a counselling program using techniques of Frankel's theory of spiritual therapy. The sample of the study comprises (30) orphan children studying in the intermediate school level who got scores below the supposed mean of the scale used in the study. They are randomly distributed into two groups; experimental and controlling with (15) pupils each. The experimental group children are exposed to the set counselling program according to Frankel's theory of spiritual therapy for (14) sessions lasting for (6) weeks, while the controlling group is left without being exposed to any guidance program.
Furthermore, to process the study data, the researcher made use of various statistical tools like; Pearson's correlation coefficient, the T-test for two different samples, Man Whitney's test, , Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Wilcoxon's test, and Cronbach's Alpha equation.
Study results show the following:
There are no statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the controlling group's scoring averages in the pre and post-tests on the need for love scale.
There are statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the experimental group's scoring averages before and after applying the counselling program in regard to the need for love scale.
There are statistically significant differences on the level of (0.05) between the experimental and controlling groups' scoring averages in the post-test in regard to the need for love scale.
In light of the study results and conclusions, the researcher submitted a number of recommendations and suggestions

This research aims at studying (The Effect of the Negotiation Approach in the Achievement of the first Intermediate female students in History),and to achieve this aim ,the researcher has formalized the following nil hypothesis:
There is no statistical difference at the level (0.05) between the scores average of the experimental group female students who study the ancient civilization history following the negotiation approach and the control female students who study the same subject following the normal approach in the achievement test. To achieve so ,the researcher has used one of the experimental designs which have partial control of the two groups (control and experimental) and achievement test. The experiment has been applied on a sample of first intermediate female school students in Al-Maghfirah Intermediate school for girls which belongs to Diyala General Directorate of Education in the scholastic year(2013-2014) . The school has been selected randomly from Diyala province schools with a number of students about (70) female students (36)female students in the experimental group which depends on the negotiation approach and (34) female students in the control group which depends on the normal approach. The researcher has equalized the two groups in terms of the following variants :( the mid-year scores of history in2013-2014, the female age counted by months , the parents 'achievement , the intelligence test scores ). Applying Chi-squared test and the T-test to different groups not equal in the number of students ,it has been found that there are no statistical differences between the groups at the level (0.05).
At the end of the experiment , the achievement test has been applied on the two groups and after scoring the students answers and analyzing them statistically using the(T-test) of two independent samples ,it has been found that there are no statistical differences at the level(0.05) between the experiment average of the students who study history following the normal approach .the results show the average of the experimental is better.

The effective conflict in Ayoubion state started after the demise of Salahddin which im turn the Ayoubians were indulged in infighting . This cinflict which gained ground at Ayoubi home had its apparent reasons , Aumely , humanitarian , ego-centric , contining to worldly interests , and their thirst to authority , with the rulers preoccupied by special interests .
All the mentioned reasons were the gist of conflicts and controversies amony the Ayoubis disciples .
All these contvibuted to demolish the state . The Euir king-Son of Salahddin exploites these Short-Comings and seized power for a short period but the Ayoubis had done a horrible each others in many bloody battles . This internal conflict and their support to the crusadeve led them to infighting , inciting hatred and enmity among the Ayouhis state.

The study of population growth in the important demographic phenomena of population studies indicate being a dynamic character of the community, and that the results be the foundation upon which the planners to meet the requirements of the increase in the size of the population, and through knowledge of population growth can be planned for the near and distant future
In this sense it has chosen the growth of the population subject to search and chosen spend his place and identified the period bounded by the (1965- 2011) has touched search numerical distribution of the population according to the administrative aspects , as well as the environmental distribution , then eating population growth during that period in the whole of the judiciary. Also been studied population growth, according to the administrative aspects of the judiciary with the analysis of the causes of variation between population growth in the administrative aspects of the judiciary, as well as the study of variation of population growth between urban and rural areas for each period of time , explaining the factors that led to the variation of population growth between urban and rural areas .
The research found that the rate of population growth at the level of the judiciary was ( 1.2 % ) during the period ( 1965-1977 ) and then decreased to (0.3 % ) for the period ( 1977-1987 ) and the decline is due to the circumstances of the Iraq war - Iran , then rose to ( 2.5 % ) for the period ( 1987-1997 ) and then came back up to the height of the ( 3.2 % ) for the period ( 1997-2007 ) due to natural increase as well as to eliminate immigration after 2003 , and then rose to ( 3.3 % ) for the period ( 2007-2011 ) and is thus higher than the rate of population growth in the province and of ( 3.2 % ) for the same period of the last , as well as the research found that the proportions of the urban population is increasing with each new period of time as the ratio ( 49%) in 1965 and then increased to ( 56.8 % ) in 1977 , and to ( 52.8 % ) in 1987 , and then to ( 54.1 % ) in 1997 , and then to ( 53.2 % ) in 2007 , then rose to 56% in 2011 , and so is higher than the proportion of urban residents in the province and the amount (48%) for the same year. while I took proportions of the rural population to decrease from 51% in 1965 , to 44% in 2011 . , as well as research found that the highest rates of population growth through the elimination Elhoudrfa Almdtan (1997 - 2007) and (2007 - 2011) in terms of ( 3% ) and ( 4.6 % ) , respectively, due to immigration to Mrakzalhoudria in the judiciary after 2003, as we mentioned before, while those rates declined during the time period (1977 - 1987) in terms of ( 0.4 % ) due to the displacement of the population of the city of Khanaqin towards other regions because of its exposure to daily artillery shelling during the war in Iraq - Iran in that period .

The current Research aims to identify the following :-
The effect of the virtual remedial technique in developing the sense of life among orphans in the intermediate school .
The verification was done through the following hypotheses :-
1- There is no statistical difference at the level (0.05) among the ranks of the controlling group , before and after applying the program of the scale of the sense of life .
2- There is statistical difference at the level (0.05) among the ranks of the empirical group before and after applying the program of the sense of life .
3- There is no statistical difference at the level (0.05) a amng the ranks of the controlling group and the empirical group of the scales of the sense of life.
The empirical method was conducted , the number of the sample is (20) students who got the lowest marks from the scale of the sense of life .Al-seyouty intermediat school was chosen as a place of the sample . the two groups were distributed randomly . The councilling program was appliwd on the groups , which was based on empirical method , the technique was virtual remedial ,while the sontrolling group didn’t use the program .
The researcher has adopted the scale of sense of life, which was prepared by (AL-Amiry2011) for the intermediate stage. which was exposed to a number of experts who agreed on its validity The research showed psychometric features such as( validity , cooffeciency ) the researcher used a strategy of virtual remedial technique . The number of sessions is (13) which lasted (3) weeks , for assurance of the validity of the counciling program , was exposed to a number of experts who supported and confirmed its validity .
For the processing of data , the researcher followed some statistical methods such as (pearson function , Test of man wattney ,Al ph Grom pach.etc)
The results of the research showed the following :.
1.There is statistical functional value at level (0,05)before and after a pplying the test on the controlling group.
2.There is a statistical functional volue at the level (0,05)for the empirical group in favour of the sounsiling programe on the scale of the sense of life .
3.There is a statistical functional volue at the level (0,05) between the controlling and the ampirical groups on the scale of the sense of life .
The results showed that the virtual remedial technique his no effect on developing the sense of life among the orphans in the intermediate schools.
In the light of the result , the researcher has introduced a number of recommendations and suggestions:.
1.Urging the teaching staff in schools to reinforce the social ties and human relations a mongo the orphans through the activities out side the school .
2.The treatment with the orphan pupils should be good treatment positive (without making them notice that) and to encourage them to participate in various activities
Suggestions:.
1.conducting a comparative studies through the current counciling program.
2. conducting a study to develop the sense of life for the male pupils and female pupils who are orphans in other stages in the educational system.

The research infrastructure Avatar as the structure of ynthetic-based recruitment code in the context of poetry gives him character aesthetically fraught with emotion the poet and his experiences psychological bestow on vocabulary dimension metaphorically and suggestively, rising by significant image problem in the poem to its dependence on the contexts of interpretive within the semantic content, full of allusions which specializes thoughts and feelings as required by circumstances and events based on the dreams and fantasies, the most Fuller, told the impact of realityhas been elected Al-Suilak poetry to be a field research that has been divided into three sections, dealt with in the first structure adjacent Avatar and dimensions of metaphors, and in the second structure Avatar in neighboring Al-Suilak poetry, and in the third structure adjacent Avatar , then followed by conclusion and a list of the most important sources.

The study of thermal limits and their effect on the agricultural situation in the district of Baladruz is considered one of the studies that lacks for attention and research. Thus, this study sheds light on an important aspect of the heat ; thermal limits and their effect on growing wheat and barley crops in the district of Baladruz as , first , they are two strategic food . And their product helps achieve self-sufficiency. Secondly , this will support agricultural planning and economic independence of the country now and in the future .
Temperatures vary in the study area , as characterized by contrast during winter and by relative rise during summer months which gradually decreases as we move from the south to the north of the study area meeting the thermal scale of the nature of the surface of Iraq . It has been reached to uncover the extent of the disparity of mini , max and opt temperature rates during the growth stages of both crops , in addition to the obvious differences between the suitable crop requirements like temperatures compared to those available at each climate station during the months that represent that stage . The study reveals great differences in suitable temperature requirements ( mini , max , opt ) for each crop during each stage of growth for the needs of the three basic thermal requirements for the same stages .

Listening is one of the syntactic principles and the topics that are worthy of study as it is of the principles which are clarifying the bases Arabic syntax is built upon. This issue is significant because it is labeled under the originality of Arabic syntax. In his book, Eldamamini dealt with all the linguistic elements of listening; the Glorious Quran and its readings, the Prophet's tradition, and Arabs' speech (verse and prose).
Due to the nature of the paper, it is divided into three section, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and bibliography. The first section focused on the Glorious Quran and its readings, the second concentrated on the Prophet's tradition, while the third is allocated to studying Arabs' speech (poetry, proverbs and sayings). The paper ends up with a conclusion that sums up the findings of the study. Of them are:
1- Listening is the first of syntactic principles according to Eldamamini as he tackled all its types.
2- The variety of Eldamamini's approaches in citing the Qur'anic references; as he was sometimes citing the text of the verse without omitting anything from it, and he was mostly mentioning the place of the reference only.
3-Eldamaminin was citing all Qur'anic readings; the regular and the irregular.
4-He was one of the grammarians who abundantly cited Prophet's sayings, and of those who defended the validity of such type of citation, yet he was not citing the Prophet's tradition in its entirety.
5-He was approving of the poetic citation which comes second to him after the Glorious Quran regarding the number of citations.
His citations of the four layers indiscriminately 6-
7- He relied on Arabs' speech in setting the linguistic and syntactic formulae and enforcing their norms.

The paper aims at forming a mature personality scale and measuring mature personality level in secondary school students. The researcher has formed the scale which is comprising of six fields distributed to 36 items. The scale was conducted on a sample of (620) secondary school students in Baquba city in the academic year 2013-2014. The researcher has founded the face value with a ratio of (85%), and has statistically analyzed the items so that he figured out the distinguishing power, the relation between each item and the overall scale score and item score in the field with a reliability mounting to (0.85%), that is found out via re-testing. Study results show that the students in the study sample mirror a good level of mature personality. The researcher founded a number of recommendations and suggestions for further study

Studying Makkah wells in the pre Islamic ages is regarded one of the important topics as they were greatly influential in the life of people in Makkah specifically, and the Arab peninsula generally. The choice of this topic is due to its significance in the stability of Makkah citizens and the formation of their city in spite of the fact that there were no rivers in their as well as the lack of water generally. The well Zamzam had a sort of sanctity among Arabs before Islam, after the emergence of Islam and up to this day, and was owned by Qureish. Before its foundation, people at that time were drinking water from places and lands on the top of mountains, therefore, it was necessary for the leaders in Makkah that they should start digging wells so as to supply water for citizens, pilgrims and merchants who were heading towards Makkah, which carried their names.
The process of digging wells moved to those who have the material and financial ability, thus wells started to be dug inside of houses to afford the water needed for in their living and they also gave them their names. Then, wells digging moved to the farms so that people can plant vegetables and fruits if that water is suitable for plantation. Such wells were bearing names of the places or locations in which they were dug. After that the process moved to trade routes in their different directions. Digging wells was not restricted to this extent, but they were also dug at castles and barricades. Ancient Arabs considered wells as a source of wealth and financial benefit to the degree that they were the major reason behind the foundation and decline of cities, and even the reason behind tribal wars.
In previous studies we tackled such topics as the meaning of wells and how to dig and maintain them. In this study we will mention and refer to all the wells that were dug in Makkah. They will be arranged chronologically based on references in history sources in their closeness to Makkah. We took into consideration their distribution in terms of the geographical and economic sides of Makkah residents in the pre-Islamic era.

The significance of industrializing food and providing food products as integral ones aimed at by all peoples and countries in order to safeguard self-sufficiency andnot being dependent on food importation. Therefore, large-scale food industry forms a significant scope in the industrial activity, especially in the developing nations including (Iraq) whether on the industrial level, or on the level of workers. Large-scale food industries is of the first rate industries that are drawing attention due to the easiness and speed in conducting projects and for their importance in maintaining the local demand of various food products. Thus, their role exceeds providing good and required food for human growth and health, but move forward to cover a large number of activities dealing with producing and canning vegetarian or animal raw materials. Large-scale food industries in Salahadeen Province is old dating back in some cases to the thirteens and fourteens of the twentieth century like (vegetable oils, sugar, wine, flour, bread, pastries, diary and cigarettes), which are followed afterwards by some other industries as (sweets, cacao, meat, local fruits and vegetables, carbonated beverages, mineral water, forages and others). Large-scale food industries are regarded as one of the industries that are linked to the abundance plant production in both sides; the plantation and the animal alongside with the availability of consumer as the last element in the process of food industry not to mention other factors.

Childhood is one of the most important stages in human life as each child needs to form safe attachment to someone like a mother or father or any family member taking care of him all the time because attachment gives them a sense of security and makes their upbringing an easy mission. If a family atmosphere is characterized by love, warmth and compassion, there will be safe attachment relations between the child and his family for the relationship between child and caregiver is mainly the basis for future relations.
A Family member, especially the mother, has a great and important role. The relationship between mother and child is a mainstay in the interaction and social growth and that this relation affects the child, particularly in safety of attachment and stability over time as the mother is the foundation on which to build intimate relationships and social interactions in general.
The class of pupils is from the social classes that are highly exposed to many types of pressures and problems of adoption. The poor conditions we encounter in our society which prompted many families to move from one place to another in search of the safety and confidence of their members led to weakness of adjustment with others, and here arises the problem of the study by questioning about the child that is attached a safe attachment, Does it influence its social interaction? Due to the importance of the topic of attachment and social interaction, it is tackled by various studies and interpreted by many theories. The researcher has adopted an integrative framework of the various theories.
The researcher did not find, to his knowledge, any similar study addressing safe attachment and its relation to social interaction among primary school pupils, a fact that incited the researcher to conduct this study.
The study aims at tackling the following:
1.Measuring safe attachment in primary school pupils from the mother's viewpoint.
2.Gauging safe attachment in primary school pupils in accordance with sex variables (male-female).
3.Examining social interaction in primary school pupils from the teacher's point of view.
4.Weighing social interaction in primary school pupils in harmony with sex variables (male-female).
5.Assessing the relation between safe attachment and social interaction in primary school pupils.
The scope of the study is limited to primary school pupils (1st & 2nd stages) making use of the help of their mothers and teachers in the academic year

Select the Jordanian legislator in Article (160) of the Civil Procedure Law No. (26) for the year (2002) the data should be available in the judicial ruling, Where the verdict is integrated as one of the statements contained in this article, Where the verdict stated as the last statement mentioned in the article, Note that it is the most important of these data, Where it is conceivable that the court overlooked any of the other data, but it is inconceivable that the omission of the court for the verdict Being the final outcome of the judicial ruling, The importance of this subject and direct reflection on the resolution of litigation Researcher embraced the idea of Search, The study was divided into two sections, Study to all three demands, Which dealt with the position of the Jordanian judiciary verdict and compared the position of both the Iraqi and Egyptian law.

The middle basin of Diyala river forms 8850 km2 area between the longitudes o45.47 North and o44.35 South; and the latitudes o34.53 North and o33.58 South. The eastern border of the area is the Iraqi-Iranian border. From the north, there is the Iraqi mountain area that reaches the height of 2000 meters above sea level. From the western side there is Al-Udeim river basin, and from the south and south-west the river of Tigris.
The typography of the study area is variable in its height. It is a transitional area between northern mountain area and sedimentary pains on the south. Geologically, the study area is in an unstable hill area. This area is characterized by the activity of tectorial layers.
Dimensional analysis of the deposits has shown a spatial variation in the shape and size of the fluvial deposits of the four study areas (Kalar, Kulaju, Jalawla', Assa'adiya). Lab analysis of deposits have shown that the size (256-32 mm) constitute the highest rate in Kalar and Kulaju areas with 70% and 59.3% respectively which constitutes big size deposits. While the size (2-32 mm) constitutes 30% in Kalar and 40.7% in Kulaju. The rate decreases towards the south in Jalawla' and Assa'adiya where the size (2-32 mm) constitutes the major rate with 56% in Jalawla' and 70.6% in Assa'adiya which represents small size deposits. While the size (32-256 mm) was rated as 44% in Jalawla' and 29.3% in Assa'adiya. From the results above, it can be concluded that the fluvial distance has a huge impact on the gradation of deposits from big size to small size.
The shape analysis of fluvial deposits in the study area has shown that sharp angle stones constitute the majority in the deposits of Kalar. They decrease moving south to be more rounded. This indicates the impact of fluvial erosion in reshaping the deposits and rounding stones. In Kalar area, rounded and oval shapes constitute the majority but they decrease gradually moving south until they become more globular in Jalawla' and Assa'adiya.

Ibn alhaaj alibdary (737H) was one fuqahaa famous and wellnown in science and piety,who appear in century of hegira eighth,fourteenth of Christ,wherever lived ibn alhaaj in aperiod time rate from periods corner which passed Islamic nation in it and whatever support of crosses wars tatar griefs together,effect of drop inside condition to Islamic nation,if was condition which pass Islamic world in it may led to loneness princes in ruler,may impose to stand everyone in his rotate and courage scholars to do their duty to the nation,scholars change in a lot of situation to lead people and work on correction their condition political,economic and social when diverge about right line.
Who was famous in brave position in this field was almagribee faqeeh ibn alhaaj alibdary (737H) whose refers to him in finger in Egypt, untile count from alarge scientific personal who witness to him adeptness anb ability in setting and scientific meeting throuhe century of hegira eighth

:
1- The self-transcendence of widow teachers .
2- Finding the self-transcendence of the widows teachers according to the variables :
A- age .
B- The year of widowhood .
C- The death condition .
the researcher conducted them on the sample of the researcher which consist of ( 300 ) widow teacher who work in primary schools in Diyla governorate for the academic year 2012-2013 . the researcher has constructed the scales the self-transcendence based on the existential theory . The scale consists ( 65 ) item distributed among eight domains . The researcher has used the following statistical means : pearson momenent correlation t-test for one sample , t-test for two indefenent samples variance . The researcher has reached to the following results : The individuals of the research sample of the widows teachers have self-transcendence . The Calculated Value is ( 50,73 ) and the tabulated value is ( 1,96 ) . The are also differences not in the age . also differences not the variable the year of widowhood , The are also differences not the variable death condition of the widows teachers.
In the light of the research results , the researcher has drawn some conclusion , recommendations and suggestions for further researchers .

:
1- The self-transcendence of widow teachers .
2- Finding the self-transcendence of the widows teachers according to the variables :
A- age .
B- The year of widowhood .
C- The death condition .
the researcher conducted them on the sample of the researcher which consist of ( 300 ) widow teacher who work in primary schools in Diyla governorate for the academic year 2012-2013 . the researcher has constructed the scales the self-transcendence based on the existential theory . The scale consists ( 65 ) item distributed among eight domains . The researcher has used the following statistical means : pearson momenent correlation t-test for one sample , t-test for two indefenent samples variance . The researcher has reached to the following results : The individuals of the research sample of the widows teachers have self-transcendence . The Calculated Value is ( 50,73 ) and the tabulated value is ( 1,96 ) . The are also differences not in the age . also differences not the variable the year of widowhood , The are also differences not the variable death condition of the widows teachers.
In the light of the research results , the researcher has drawn some conclusion , recommendations and suggestions for further researchers .