Journal of University of Babylon

Most of the countries that decide on the principle of granting citizenship to individuals as an exception have an indirect purpose or a purpose corresponding to the granting of citizenship as an exception, and it is often represented by providing a private benefit or performing a public service, so this type of naturalization is based on a firm basis that the public benefit of the state is achieved. The grantor of citizenship, and in line with the need of that state, so it is not possible to imagine the possibility of granting state citizenship to every person who can provide those services just because of ability. Based on internal standards of the state, and this is considered part of the principle of state sovereignty and sovereignty; It has the right to decide the controls that require achieving the supreme interest of the state according to what it deems appropriate for it. It also has the right to reject an application for naturalization, despite the availability of controls in an individual in the event that it becomes clear to it that it is not commensurate with the requirements of the public interest; Because he is unable to achieve it in the required manner, i.e. in other words, that person is not suitable in any way so that it would be in violation of the instructions and standards of the state to which he wants to belong by way of special naturalization.

The majority of the accounts of the emergence of Arabic grammar are associated with the melody of some Arabs in reading a number of Qur’anic texts. With that provided, after researching those texts, it was found that there were three which were the core topic of scholars in discussing the emergence of Arabic grammar. Therefore, the research sheds light on the melody in those texts, and shows the extent to which it impacts the emergence of Arabic grammar. It is divided into two axes: the first one, tackles the melody in Arabic, its concept and its origin; and, the second is the applicational part ,titled “Examples of Quranic situations which melody some people melodized”, and it discussing three Qur’anic texts. The two axes are preceded by an introduction to the religious factor and its impact on the emergence of the linguistic lessons in general. The common factor in the tales which were reported by historians concerning these texts is the Commander of the believers (PBUH), who was a part in making them happen.

The study aimed to identify the most prominent artistic features of poetic discourse in the poem (Clouds in the Walls of the Night) by the poet Zakiya Malallah Abdel Aziz, who expressed her vision, and came in the form of a holistic format, and within a growing interactive network. Therefore, the study raises several questions represented in: What are these formats? How does it work? And what are its functions? What are the technical techniques that it begs to highlight these implicit formats and to show their effectiveness in the text?
The study invoked the semiotic method; To fit the nature of the delusional text, which is open to the world of significance at the same time, which qualifies it to grasp the connotations inherent in its depths, so the self-succeeded in employing the sign; To reflect the characteristics of Gulf women through their thinking and aspirations, and to prove that Gulf feminist literature is worthy of attracting the pens of critics, and attracting the Arab audience to read its literary and cultural output.

The majority of modern democracy constitutions agree on adopting the standards of separation of powers by defining the limits and the function of each sake holder from the state’s authorities. Accordingly, the constitution explained in writing message that “the rules of each authority indicating how it is implemented and its relations with other authorities in way that does not accept jurisdiction delegation، and it is recognized that the authority Legislature in democratic countries often consists of one or two chambers, according to the system of those countries. Among the competencies that parliament in most democratic countries has is the founding jurisdiction through its contribution to the development of the supreme law in the state, which is the constitution by proposing its draft as an agent or deputy On behalf of the people, in addition to discussing and approving the constitutional amendments in accordance with the methods laid down in the constitution in order to achieve the principle of democracy in power practices. A general constitutional referendum in order to obtain people approval that constitution, we have used in our research the comparative analytical method between both the Iraqi constitution of 2005and the The French Constitution 1958, with strengthening of research with some constitutional systems supporting the subject of our project، And we reached the role that the parliament plays in both Iraq and France in drafting and approving the constitution, deducing from this that the role played by the Iraqi parliament in the process of establishing and approving the constitution is more than the role of the French parliament, since the executive authority in France is in the hands of the head of state that outweighs the role of parliament Through our research, we recommend that the people be involved in the process of preparing the draft constitution.

The library of the Mosul Technical Institute / has not carried out a process of purification and exclusion on its collection, which is now reserving places without use on the library’s shelves, beside the few new additions that are annually added to the library in proportion to the number of students. The study aims to identify the process of purification and exclusion in the library of Mosul Technical Institute and to identify the obstacles facing this process and ways to treat them. The study also relies on a case study. Printed and electronic library information resources, as well an interview and direct observation were used as data collection. The study has come out with a set of results; the most important of which is the lack of the policy of purification and exclusion in library under study. Besides, there is a lack of cooperative programs with other libraries in the field of gifting and exchange, and the place dedicated to storing the excluded books. The study recommended the necessity of carrying out the process of purification and exclusion of the sources whose information is outdated or the demand for them decreased according to a specific timetable, and the necessity of providing special stores for the excluded books.

The research tagged (the social dimensions of the Habitus and its representations in the Baroque painting) consists of four chapters, the first chapter of which focused on the research problem, which ended with the following questions:? What are the social dimensions of the habitus? And what are its social representations in Baroque art?.. As for the goal of the research, it was to know the social dimensions of the Habitus and its representations in Baroque painting, within the limits of Baroque art for the period (1600-1700 AD), and the chapter was concluded by defining the terms. The second chapter was concerned with the theoretical framework of the research, and it consisted of Three sections, the first specialized in the habitus, the second specialized in the habitus in art, and the third was baroque art, and the chapter concluded with indicators of the theoretical framework. The third chapter dealt with the research procedures represented by the research community consisting of (40) artworks, and (4) artworks were selected in intentional and by 4% to represent the research sample models, and the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and a tool was built based on the indicators of the theoretical framework and related sources.
1. The social dimensions of the habitus were embodied in the Baroque painting, by showing the power embedded in social reality, by revealing the dominance of social class, as in the models
2. The habitus appeared through the body, because it is a valuable repository for recording the historical events that society has gone through, through its connection to the social context, as in the models As for the conclusions
1. Acquisitions, customs, traditions and experiences are what formed the habitus, which is passed down through generations as a symbolic language, enabling them to communicate throughout the ages and express their social identity.
2. Prestige, power and prestige constitute an asset that is cherished by the owners of cultural, social and symbolic capital.
The chapter ends with recommendations, suggestions and research sources.

The current research dealt with (the educational values of Quranic story scenes in Persian photography), by studying the educational values in Persian photography for the period of time (812 AH / 1410 AD - 1014 AH / 1606 AD). Therefore, the researcher sought, in the first chapter, to clarify the research problem, which was determined by answering the following question: “What are the educational values of the Qur’anic story scenes in the Persian perception” , and then the importance of the research and the need for it, as well as the goal of the research, which is represented by the following:
"Knowing the educational values of Quranic story scenes in the Persian perception" Then the researcher concluded the aforementioned chapter by defining the terms that have a direct relationship to the title of the research and its objectives. As for the second chapter, it included a presentation of the theoretical framework and indicators. It consisted of two papers. In the first topic, the characteristics of the Qur’anic story were established. The second topic dealt with the technical characteristics of the Persian Islamic school. The third chapter was devoted to monitoring the research community and the tool that included the collection of information, so a sample of it was adopted in an intentional way, and it reached (5) pictorial works that covered the limits of the research by adopting the descriptive analytical approach for the purpose of analyzing it according to the axes of the analysis tool adopted by the researcher. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research، including:
1- The Persian photographer has embodied the scenes of the Qur’anic stories that include the divine miracle of them, being the first of an abundance of educational values aimed at building the religious, moral, social and cognitive personality of the Muslim individual, which appeared in all models of the research sample.
2- The Persian photographer relied on expressing the connotations of educational values in the miniature scenes by embodying the events of the story in various ways to approach the content of the Qur’anic text. And the symbolic style in the sample form (2).
And then the conclusions that emerged through which the possibility of achieving the objectives of the research through the tool designed by the researcher, including: 1- The selection of the Persian photographer is a story that came from the Qur’anic text as it is a fact of fiction as a subject for its pictorial scenes, a clever way of it in shedding light on the purposeful educational values extracted from the story , that the story is a literary art that affects the recipient, and thus positively affects his upbringing and evaluating his behavior.

One of the most important characteristics of the federal state is the duality of political power or its duality, so that there are two types of power: the first: the federal power, and the second is: the power of the constituent units of the federation, which leads to the existence of a duality in legislation, implementation and judiciary within one state and as much as It is related to the legislative competence in the federal state, as the latter is characterized by the duality of the legislative authority that exercises the aforementioned competence by distributing it between the federal parliament and the parliaments of the constituent units of the federation. It is shared by the executive authority in the state.

This research is concerned with studying (the effectiveness of formal reduction in Islamic ceramics)، and it came in four chapters، as the first chapter contains a presentation of the research problem، which is defined by the following question: What is the effectiveness of formal reduction in Islamic ceramics? The importance of the research and the need for it came in that it represents a new reading within the area of Islamic ceramics in Persia. This study contributes to learning about the methods of formal reduction in Islamic ceramics. The need for this research stems from the fact that it benefits all specialists in the field of ceramics، especially graduate and primary students. The aim of the research lies in (knowing the effectiveness of formal reduction in Islamic ceramics)، and the current research is determined by studying the ceramic works carried out in Persia، and within the time period (10-12 AD، 4-6 AH.(
As for the second chapter، it included the theoretical framework and previous studies، which contained three sections: the first topic dealt with the study (Islamic Art between Origin and Characteristics)، and the second topic was entitled (Reductionist tendency in Islamic ceramics)، while the third topic dealt with (Islamic ceramics in Persia). The theoretical framework concluded with a set of indicators and previous studies.
As for the third chapter: it dealt with the research procedures، which included defining the research community with (15) ceramic works، and choosing the research sample amounting to (3) ceramic works because of their specifications that serve the purpose of the research، then the research methodology and sample analysis.
While the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions of the research، as well as recommendations and suggestions. Among the results reached by the researcher are:
1- The formal reduction in Islamic ceramics was subjected to an intellectual context that was formed from a group of elements pressing on the imagination of the Muslim potter، which made him move away from representing reality directly، as in the sample models (1، 2، 3(.
2- Formal reduction was effective by simplifying the forms presented through structural treatments that resulted in creative abilities، which added aesthetic and expressive values as in the sample models (1، 2، 3).
Among the conclusions reached by the researcher are:
1- The products of the Muslim potter were not directly imitation or imitation of the manifestations of nature، but rather a reformulation of them according to his intellectual data that stems from the general context of Islamic thought.
3- The interest of the Muslim potter in treating natural scenes، especially birds، indicates the interest of the Muslim potter in natural beauty، which indicates the influence of intellectual elements pressing upon his imagination.

In the light of this study, it was found that usurpation falls within the tort responsibility, and there must be a means or procedure that protects the right of the usurper from him, and through this means or procedure the guarantee fulfillment of the money usurped by the usurper. This method or procedure is called the lawsuit to guarantee the usurped money, which is the same as the other lawsuits, and it is classified among the personal lawsuits. Its opponents have parties claiming this right, and methods of proof through which the usurped can prove a right, as well as the existence of an authority that assesses the amount of guarantee for the usurped money, as well as the methods specified by law in order to appeal the judgments and judicial decisions issued on the pretext of guaranteeing the usurped money by the litigants parties.

This research seeks to show the effect of the Qur’anic storytelling in constructing meaning in Ibn al-Roumi’s poetry, and to know the methods that the poet employed in invoking the Qur’anic storytelling. The research is divided into two parts, the first of which is a theoretical review devoted to identifying storytelling, linguistically and idiomatically, and the concept of the event and the personality. The second part is an application represented by taking samples from the poetry of Ibn Al-Roumi to reveal the overlap of the Qur’anic texts in his poetry, especially the Qur’anic storytelling with its event and personal elements.

The current research dealt with the topic of (The Aesthetic Manifestation of the Pictorial Plurality in Contemporary Ceramics), where the image constitutes an important starting point in formulating the formal structures of all arts and ceramics in particular, because images, whether they are iconic, symbolic, imagined or abstract, are the systems that establish dialogues of significance, their contents and critical readings. Thus, the study of images is effective in the structure of artistic formation, and during the aesthetic transformations witnessed by contemporary ceramics, the artist resorted to creating a plastic structure based on a set of pictorial overlaps, as the plurality of images gives more space in the openness of the significance as well as activating the mechanisms of analysis and recombination due to the multiplicity of images evoked in contemporary ceramic formation, hence the research problem came from the following question: (How is the aesthetic manifestation of pictorial multiplicity achieved in contemporary ceramics?)
The aim of the research came from (identifying the aesthetic manifestation of the pictorial plurality in contemporary ceramics). The objective limits of the research were ceramic sculptural works, and spatial borders of contemporary European, American and Asian ceramics, and temporally from 2005 to 2020, while the theoretical framework came from two sections. The second topic came under the title (The Aesthetics of Pictures in Contemporary Ceramics), while the third chapter was the research procedures, where the research community included 50 artworks, while the sample was (5) contemporary ceramic works, and the research method was following the descriptive method and the method of analysis.
Then came the research results and conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- The mechanism of pictorial polymorphism has the ability to link the poles of art, its past and its present, that is, it provides the artist with the ability to link the past with the present.
2- The mechanism of pictorial polymorphism has the ability to gather contradictions at the epithelial level, or combine discipline and undiscipline, accuracy and inaccuracy.
3- The process of the formal distribution of synthetic units according to their importance and effectiveness in contemporary ceramics led to support and confirmation of the objective unity.
4- The compositional multiplicity of the visual displays is useful in imparting diversity and dynamic movement to the ceramic composition in general.
Then a list of sources and references in Arabic and English.