JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS

Tourism-related businesses, especially those related to natural resources, are characterized as being directly related to: the economy societies cultures.
the new trend that is called the ecosystem that pours into Ecotourism, and accordingly, the global tourist sites that achieve high returns for the economy of their countries have become linked to (Ecotourism), which requires high capacities from the host country to achieve its superiority in this field of tourism.

The two researchers aim through the current study to clarify the relationship between green entrepreneurship and its impact on sustainable tourism development in the green parks of the Municipality of Baghdad.The study started with a major problem that included several questions centered on the nature of the influential relationship between the studied variables as well as clarifying the relationship between the variables by analyzing opinions The higher and middle administration responsible for managing the green parks in the city of Baghdad, which reached (16) departments, with (150) questionnaires distributed to them. In order to achieve the goal of the study mentioned above, answer questions and test the validity of the hypotheses, The two researchers relied in the study mainly on (the questionnaire), which is the main tool for collecting data and information, in addition to using another method, which is (the personal interview). For a number of managers and their assistants and heads of departments in the surveyed departments, It was the use of descriptive and analytical approach scientific methodology in the current study, and was reached by the study to a set of conclusions was the most prominent,green entrepreneurship has achieved an indirect positive impact on sustainable tourism development in the green parks of the Municipality of Baghdad.

Sustainable urban modernization is one of the most important pillars in improving the image of the tourist city, as tourism and recreational services depend mainly on the availability of infrastructure within urban cities. This industry is an effective element in the economy of many countries and affects the social, cultural and civilizational level. In our research, we dealt with the reality of the tourism services available within the urban component of the city of Baghdad, in order to enhance the image of the city and in line with the cultural heritage and the urban renaissance, and the tourism and recreational services varied within The study area is between services (religious, cultural, recreational, architectural, green and open places and water bodies), and the goal is to achieve tourism and recreational development in line with urban reality, considering the city of Baghdad as one of the most important urban cities with cultural and historical legacies.
The research followed the descriptive method supported by quantitative expressions by adopting data and statistics derived from several official agencies related to the tourism and entertainment sector, in addition to information based on conducting personal interviews and field visits. Baghdad did not receive the attention required by the concerned authorities, which affected the implementation of sustainable urban modernization.

The meaning of guidance in a simple way is to guide a human being to another human being، it means taking the second hand towards a specific goal and reaching this goal easily and easily، without problems and at the lowest cost، following the easiest and shortest paths and providing him during this journey what helps him to reach the goal.
The tourist trip is the appropriate opportunity that can be invested in strengthening the direction of integrating people with special needs with ordinary people، because they are in the first place human beings، and when they engage in the activities of the tourist trip، the differences between them dissolve، especially if these activities suit all of them and the integration refers to the safe presence within the activities of the trip Tourism in terms of religious، social، health and psychological aspects of people with special needs، including people with autism disorder .During the trip، the guide must show his willingness to help the tourist in broader areas of tourist guidance، that is، the guide’s willingness to help is clear in actions and words and to sympathize with people of this category so that he can understand them. the main question of the study arose، which is (How does the tour guide sympathize with tourists with autism during the tourist trip?)، The study aimed to clarify who are the people who suffer from autism disorder and what are the methods that the tour guide must adopt during his dealings with tourists from these category، The study concluded that the participation of people with autism disorder in recreational activities is linked to positive development and physical and mental entertainment for them، and contributes to the development of social relations، in addition to the importance of tourism and sports activities and their effective impact on health، social interaction and self-confidence، and The importance of the positive sympathy of the tour guide with these people for the success of their tourist trip.

The media promotion of the historical, cultural and religious features has internationally the great role and importance which is interest in the touristic sector. This will have in favor to the economy of the countries through polarizing and attracting the foreign invests to inside country and polarizing the foreign tourists and activating the touristic movement, especially Iraq has historical, cultural and religious landmarks characterized by interest of the most world people. The historical visit of the Pope (Francis) to the archaeological city of Ur in internationally promotion to this historical and cultural milestone where no archaeological site witnessed like such visit. This conforms that the importance of promotion is not stop to define the archaeological city of Ur only but it confirms also through this visit that Iraq has investment and touristic ambience makes it in the rank of the touristic world countries to correct the false concepts formed by the tourists and investors as well due to the malicious media which work in favour of particular agendas. The media promotion of the historical visit of The Pope Francis makes show the distinguished features and characteristics, that Iraqi people have, to attract the foreign invests as well as the touristic groups to the country only if were investing in the proper way.

Tourism has become a contemporary civilized phenomenon which attracts the attention whether by the individuals or the governments, it helps to provide a good work income opportunities and it contributes in distributing development facilities across the country, which means raising the constructional and cultural level. Tourism development gains a special importance especially through the flow of the investment of foreign turnovers in tourism projects and through the scientific uses of the natural resources.
The aim of this research is to shed the light upon several concepts including the concept of tourism and the essence of the religious tourism and its importance as well as the concepts of the holy cities or the cities of shrines, and the essence of tourism development and its impact to increase tourism spending amount in addition to the concept of tourism service which provides the tourist with comfort and touring facilities and other concepts which fall within the context of the research. In the practical side of the research and to reach its aims, the city of al-Kadimiya is tackled as a sample of the religious holy cities, where the city in many restaurants and hotels and their numbers if visitors and the total achieved income of the tourism activity during the period from 2004 to 2013 through the repeated revisions to a number of governmental and semi-governmental institutes, the sample of multiple falling is also used to achieve to verify the research hypothesis and finding the main factors which affect to increase the earned income of the religious tourism in the holy city of al-Kadymiya. The results of the statistical analysis show that all the visitors contribute to achieve income out of the religious tourism. At the end of the research many conclusions and recommendations we are research benefit.

The research sought to enhance the organizational commitment of human resources in a sample of Travel and tourism companies in Baghdad based on the use of the social responsibility of tourism companies By analyzing the opinions of a sample of workers in travel and tourism companies In Baghdad، with (60) questionnaires distributed among them To achieve this، the research relied in analyzing its variables on the relationship and influence between the social responsibility of tourism companies as an independent variable Organizational commitment to human resources as a dependent variable Or dependent، and the first variable included four sub-dimensions represented by (economic responsibility، legal responsibility، moral responsibility، and human responsibility). While the second variable included sub-dimensions (self-awareness، social skills، emotion management، motivation). These variables interacted to form the framework around which the research revolves From the main and subsidiary hypotheses، and for the purpose of achieving the aforementioned research goal Answering the research questions and testing the validity of its hypotheses. The research relied mainly on (the questionnaire)، which is the main tool for collecting data and information For the purpose of analyzing the responses of the respondents، a set of measures and statistical methods were used The descriptive analytical method was used as a scientific method. The research reached a set of theoretical and applied conclusions، the most important of which proved that the dimensions of the social responsibility of tourism companies combined had a positive impact on the dimensions of organizational commitment to human resources. Among the most prominent recommendations that the researchers consider to be the orientations of tourism companies to the need to develop and increase the awareness of working individuals of the social responsibility of tourism companies، which leads to strengthening the organizational commitment to human resources.