ALBAHITH ALALAMI

The research problem is centered around the main question: What are the coverage frames used by the website of Al-Sharq Al-Awsat International newspaper for the Daniel Hurricane disaster in Derna, Libya?
This study falls within descriptive-analytical research, using content analysis applied to a readily available sample of news articles on the Al-Sharq Al-Awsat website regarding the Daniel Hurricane disaster in Derna, Libya. The period of analysis covered from September 10, 2023, to November 30, 2023, during which 142 news articles were analyzed. The researchers used a content analysis form as the main research tool.
The study revealed several findings, including:
Derna is the most affected region by the Daniel Hurricane in Libya, according to the Al-Sharq Al-Awsat website, with a coverage rate of 39.4%. Journalists were the most frequently cited sources in the coverage of the disaster, contributing to 40.9% of the content. The Libyan National Army's General Command was the most prominently featured entity among the active forces mentioned in the news articles, appearing in 24.5% of the coverage.

The research aims to study how public relations (PR) departments capitalize on international events to manage and market a country's national identity through digital media platforms. The researchers analyzed the official Instagram page for Expo 2020, utilizing a survey method and qualitative content analysis tool. They employed comprehensive enumeration to analyze the posts related to the national symbols of the UAE, amounting to 862 posts.
The research concluded with several key findings, the most important of which is that the PR management focused on the national philosophy of the state through the iconic visual logo. They relied on a collection of cultural, political, historical, geographical, and military symbols to manage the national identity. Great care was taken to include a broad range of symbols to provide a comprehensive representation of the country’s rich historical heritage.
The study also recommended that the study of national identity should be given more space in academic research to yield precise results that offer a deeper understanding of the role of public relations in marketing national identity. This is because identity is considered the first stage in the process of building a nation's reputation.

This research gains its significance from the importance of understanding the motivations behind sports audiences' use of sports news websites through social media and the gratifications they derive from this usage. The researcher employed a survey method, designing a questionnaire as a tool to uncover the motivations and achieved gratifications, aiming to meet the objectives and answer the research problem's questions. The primary goal is to identify the motivations driving sports audiences to use sports news websites via social media and to determine the gratifications they achieve from this usage.
The research population was limited to users of sports news websites on social media at the College of Media, University of Baghdad, within the three departments: Radio and Television, Public Relations, and Journalism. The researcher used a purposive sampling method. The research findings highlighted several key points, including the primary motivations for sports audiences' use of sports news websites, such as the sports analyses provided by specialists on these platforms, which contribute to increasing knowledge about sports events and issues. Additionally, these platforms introduce prominent sports stars, with both receiving an agreement rate of 65% and a frequency of 96 for each.
As for the gratifications achieved by the sports audience from using sports news websites, the research found that the audience gained significant knowledge about clubs and national teams participating in championships and sporting events, with an agreement rate of 70% and a frequency of 103 from the research sample. Moreover, the websites contributed to acquiring information and knowledge about sports-related topics, with an agreement rate of 67% and a frequency of 99.

The research aims to examine how the two Kurdish-speaking satellite channels report on the federal government news and to identify the frameworks used by Rudaw and NRT news channels in their news bulletins. It also seeks to explore the type of content and the format of news coverage related to the federal government. The study employed partial content analysis, covering a period of three months to monitor federal government news broadcast before, during, and after the federal parliamentary elections on Rudaw and NRT.
The research utilized a survey method, incorporating various techniques for data collection and analysis, including observation, interviews, and content analysis forms. The most significant findings of the research include:
Kurdish satellite channels' interest in federal government news increases during crises or when specific gains are anticipated.
The political news takes precedence in the treatment of federal government news in Kurdish satellite news bulletins.
The two Kurdish-speaking channels differed in their approach to news reporting, with both focusing on "reports" as the main element in news bulletins.
The two Kurdish satellite channels emphasize the technical format of news presentation, particularly the use of field reports and in-depth internal reports to convey information to viewers in a distinct manner compared to other technical formats.

Viral marketing relies on social relationships and creative messaging to establish a mutually beneficial relationship between organizations and their audiences, aiming to increase brand awareness at low costs and reach the largest number of customers. This research focuses on exploring the relationship between viral marketing for the brands "Apple and Samsung" through social media and consumer purchasing behavior. It examines the information sources that consumers rely on when researching product details before purchasing, the motivations that drive users to follow marketing posts on social media, and the viral marketing techniques and tactics that increase consumer loyalty to brands.
The researcher employed a survey method using a questionnaire, selecting a "multi-stage random sample." The research sample size was 500 respondents from central Baghdad, on both sides of "Karkh and Rusafa," aged 18 and above, consisting of both men and women who are social media users. The findings revealed that a large percentage of the research sample shared posts, with "friends' shares on their pages" being among the most attractive types of posts. This increases the sample's familiarity with the brand, as respondents tend to share when they believe it benefits their friends. The majority of respondents also expressed increased trust when exposed to marketing messages from pages verified with a blue checkmark. Most agreed that the information provided by companies on their platforms is "sufficiently adequate," and their primary motivation for following such information was the inclusion of "offers and discounts," which was one of the key reasons driving them to make online purchases.