Journal of Techniques

Reverse Osmosis (RO) process is being engaged to yield fresh water from brackish water sources. However, the RO process is characterised by its a high specific energy consumption (SEC) owing to high-pressure pumps. The current study focuses on reducing the SEC of the brackish water RO desalination plant using model-based optimisation practice. The inlet conditions of RO process such as the feed pressure, flow rate (individual membrane module and total plant) and temperature, have a substantial influence on the performance indicators namely, water productivity, product concentration and SEC. Therefore, the optimisation of this study has been directed to determine optimal inlet conditions within feasible limits to minimise SEC. Arab Potash Company (APC) brackish water RO desalination plant has been considered as the case study. The optimal inlet conditions have resulted in a significant energy saving of 27.97% depending on the set of decision variables being considered at a fixed brackish water feed concentration.

At the beginning of their lives, newborns may have a widespread condition known as Jaundice or Hyperbilirubinemia. High levels of bilirubin in the blood are the primary cause of jaundice. Severe cases of jaundice may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy due to the toxicity of bilirubin to the cells of the brain, which may lead to kernicterus. Kernicterus causes several symptoms, including a permanent upward look, loss of hearing, and repetitive and uncontrolled movements. Therefore, diagnosing this condition at the appropriate time helps to prevent chronic effects. In this study, jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is diagnosed using a computer vision system based on a random forest algorithm. The system comprises a digital HD camera, a computer device with a Matlab application installed to analyze and detect the skin color changes of the infant, and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to control an LED ultraviolet light. A set of neonate images were collected to train the random forest algorithm, including 374 for normal and 137 for jaundiced infants. |The experimental results using the random forest algorithm for classification reached an accuracy of 98.4375%. The results of this study are promising and open doors for new monitoring applications in various medical diseases detection with a high degree of accuracy.

The current study examined how the annealing process affected the formability, mechanical and chemical characteristics of 7075 alloy. The formability was achieved during the bending test. Tensile, hardness, microstructure and corrosion tests represent mechanical and chemical properties. The test specimens for each test were prepared then followed by annealing heat treatment by heating them to 200 and 300°C in an electrical furnace for two hours. Then, the specimens were allowed to cool in the furnace to a room temperature. The results indicate that the tensile strength and hardness were decreased for about 50%. Bending strength was increased by approximately 30%, where the specimens bent at a very high angle without cracking or breaking in comparison to base metal. Annealing heat treatment with a proper selected procedures and temperatures was able to stabilize the microstructure and release the second phase precipitate particles. Annealing process contributed in improving formability, ductility and corrosion resistance of the Al 7075 alloy.

The tongue reflects the abnormal condition and behavior of the internal organs of the body, such as problems of the heart, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines, blood diseases and others, which leads to changes in some of the features and characteristics of the tongue. The most important of these is tongue color, which can be adopted as a biometric that can be used in Computerized Tongue Diagnostic Systems (CTDS). Quantitative diagnosis of the tongue requires some devices, including image acquisition devices such as cameras, light sources, filters, color checkers, image analysis and processing devices through the application of some algorithms or image processing and color correction software, as well as a computer. This study proposes a real-time imaging system to analyze tongue color and diagnose diseases using a webcam under specific conditions. The proposed system was designed in a Matlab GUI environment. After testing the system on a data set of more than 100 images, the preliminary results showed that the proposed system gives a disease diagnosis with an accuracy rate of no less than 86.667%. The proposed system contributed to the diagnosis of several diseases in real time, with an accuracy of 95.45%, with ease of use, implementation and low cost. This gives impetus to further studies to apply computerized diagnosis in medical applications, to enhance the medical reality, monitor patient health, and make an accurate diagnosis.

Recently, the movement of data between smart devices has piqued the world's curiosity because it transmits important and unimportant data via the Internet. Thus, important data must be encrypted during passing over a network so that information can only access by an intended receiver and processed by it. As a result, information security has become even more critical than before. Our proposal suggests a method to secure data in three stages using cryptography and steganography. The important message will divide into two parts a part will encrypt by Caesar Cipher and another by Vigenere Cipher. The ciphertext will process by Morse code and will then hide in a cover image using Least Significant Bits (LSB) technique. According to the value the of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained in this work our proposal has an extra security level and robustness. Finally, our research provides more security because of the mixture between cryptography and steganography.

Facial palsy (FP) is a disorder that affects the seventh facial nerve, which makes the patient unable to control facial movements and expressions with other vital activities. It affects one side of the face, and it is usually diagnosed by the asymmetry of the two sides of the face through visual inspection by a doctor. However, the visual inspection is human-based, which is prone to errors because the doctor is exposed to omission due to fatigue and work stress. Therefore, it is important to develop a new method for detecting FP through artificial intelligence and use a more accurate computerized system to reduce the effort and cost of patients and increase the accuracy of diagnosis. This work aims to establish a safe, useful and high-accuracy diagnostic system for FP that can be used by the patient and proposes to detect FP using a digital camera and deep learning techniques automatically. The system could be used by the patient himself at home without needing to visit the hospital. The proposed system trained 570 images, including 200 images of FP palsy. The proposed FP system achieved an accuracy of 98%. This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed system and makes it an efficient medical examination tool for detecting FP.

Since the demand for data transfer and storage is always increasing, sending data in its original form will take a long time to send and receive. Compression is an important issue for digital communications systems because it imposes an important rule while reducing complexity and power requirements. The goal of compression is to reduce the file size without compromising the quality of the information, which leads to more capacity saving and reduces the required bandwidth in terms of the communications system. This paper proposes a system that consists of a hybrid of two lossless techniques, including a concatenation of Huffman and LZ4 in order to enhance the traditional techniques. The result of the proposed system demonstrates that the proposed combination techniques reduce the file size significantly, achieving between 73.649 % and 79.708 % in terms of average saving ratio (SR). The above would give us credible, cost-effective, and affordable lossless encoding systems for electronic communication systems.

This study was conducted to assess the water quality index (WQI) of the Diyala and Tigris River confluence region south of Baghdad (Al-Tuwaitha), based on the Weighted Arithmetic method. Sixteen samples of water were collected from different location in the region through two periods 5/11/2021 and 13/3/2022. Water quality parameters such as (PH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Cl, Turbidity, ALK, SO4, HCO3, Na, and K) were used to evaluate WQI in the study area.
The final results showed that the water was not suitable for drinking due to the high concentration of water quality parameters. In the 5 November 2021, the water quality in the study area was classified into (good, poor, very poor, and polluted) where the percentages of the above classes were 4%, 6%, 39%, and 51% respectively, while the percentages for the season 13thMarch 2022 were 1%, 41%, and 58% with very poor, polluted, and very polluted class, respectively.
The water was not suitable for drinking due to the high concentration of water quality parameters in most locations in the study area. There are many sources of pollution in the region that dump their harmful waste into the river, which led to increase the concentrations of water quality parameters in most locations of study area.

Urine color analysis is one of the most helpful indicators of health status, and any changes in urine color might be a symptom of serious disease, dehydration of the body, or caused by drugs. To get better assistance for urine color detection in the proposed system, a urine color automatic identification has been developed based on computer vision. The proposed system uses a web camera to capture an image in real-time, analyze it, and then classify the color of urine by using the random forest (RF) algorithm and show the result via the Graphical User Interface (GUI). In addition, the proposed system can send the results to the mobile phone of the patient or care provider by using an Arduino microcontroller and GSM module. Moreover, sending a voice message about the color of urine and is related to pathological conditions. The results showed that the proposed system has high accuracy (approximately about 97%) in detecting urine color under different light conditions, with low cost, short time, and easy implementation. As the comparison with the current methods the proposed system has maximum accuracy and minimum error rate. This methodology can pave the way for an additional cases study in medical applications, particularly in diagnosis, patient health monitoring

This paper suggests a compact linear and circular polarization MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphones. The proposed design can be divided into three parts: Firstly, a linear polarized dipole antenna is presented with dimensions of 1×33.7×32.5mm3 and exhibits an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 3.24GHz ranging from 3.3GHz to 6.6GHz at S11˂-10dB. The second part includes a circular polarization CPW-Fed antenna with dimensions of 1×23.2×30mm3. The IBW of the CPW antenna is more than 4GHz, starting from 3.9GHz to more than 8GHz at an S11˂-10dB. The 3-dB axial ratio for the CP CPW antenna ranges from 4GHz to 7.38GHz. Finally, a combination of LP and CP antennas is presented to form a dual polarization MIMO system. A MIMO system consists of 5 elements; 4 elements are LP and 1 element is a CP antenna. The size of the MIMO system is 1×82.5×150mm3 printed on FR-4 substrate. Two impedance bandwidths are found due to the use of two antenna types. The first one (S11, S22, S44, S55) equals 3.44GHz while the second (S33) equals 4.33GHz. HFSS is used for designing and simulating the proposed structures, while CST is used for verifying the results.

The accompanying article manages the undertakings confronting the educator with current information and the arrangement of fundamental abilities, the conceivable outcomes of imaginative instructive advancements in their securing of new information, and the improvement of skill and individual characteristics.
Distance figuring out how to see the impact of these media on the idea of the parts of the enlightening cycle and the positive effect. The problem is to find the best use of Information and Communication Technology media and applications in the management of Educational Institutions at the lowest cost, effort, and time.
The purpose of the research is to learn about the impact of Media use of Information and Communication Technology in improving the quality of the teaching process in the classroom (interactive classroom / interactive learning). The methodology used in the research uses the slide program presenting them through a data show device using video, audio, images, and texts, With Which was measured by the results obtained from the tables. As well as the design of an interactive video channel on YouTube and editing using the (Camtasia Studio 9).
The large and organized educational process implementation thing the response of the channel's participants was measured by students from the Institute of Technical Trainers In the Department of Electrical Techniques for the first phase of the computer applications and four Classes in the computer lab. By analyzing the results obtained found that the participation rate in the educational program exceeded 74.6% around the rate of watching and interacting with the scientific subjects reached 82.6% Program and channel for the last 60 days.

The localization for indoor environments is faced a problems relatively high error. To address this problem, a hyperbolic method is chosen which is a suitable one for such environments. Also, such method gives a significant error when depending on RSS values, which are suffer from unstable reading. To overcome this phenomenon, a proposed method is presented in this research to choose a suitable value of RSS. The idea is to install 4TXs in the chosen case study building and select the better two reading of 2TXs lying on the same side of the square case study building among four values of RSS measured from the 4TXs. The results show that, a significant reduction of error is achieved using the proposed method the range of achieved error are between (0.1091, 0.0061) to (1.7162, 1.6593). While, the such range are from (0.0114, 0.0472) to (1.2685, 2.3207) by using 2TXs. Finally, a validation of achieved error are applied for the results of proposed method applied by real measurements. The results of such validation show that a close measurement to the simulation result is achieved.

The safety of children is one of the fundamental concerns of parents. Recently, child kidnapping has increased by a large percentage, some children have been found, and some children have not yet. This paper proposed an indoor localization system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN) and Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) to locate the child in an indoor environment. Several ANN topologies were investigated to select the best one with minimum tracking or localization error. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) was collected from four ZigBee XBee S2C anchor nodes by the mobile node carried by the child in an indoor area of 32m × 32m. The RSSI was collected from 127 test points inside the tested area. The measured RSSI was used to train, test, and validate the performance of BP-ANN to determine the two dimensions (2D) of the target child’s location. Different topologies of ANN have been examined for training, testing, and validation which are 5-5, 10-10, 15-15, and 20-20 neurons in the hidden layer. The findings indicate that the 20-20 ANN topology can achieve higher accuracy than other topologies. Additionally, 20-20 topology localization errors were 1.0, 1.157, and 1.356 m for training, testing, and validating ANN performance

A hot press process was used as a technique to pound a polyamide type of polymer of a thickness (2mm) to stainless steel AISI 316L of the thickness (1mm). A hybrid joint of dissimilar material was accomplished by hot press bounding process. During the joining process, three different parameters of process were used: processing temperature of 175, 170 and 165°C, processing pressure of 3, 6 and 9 bar and time of 1.5, 3 and 4.5 min. The surface of stainless steel was prepared and treated by a mechanical treatment (surface grinding) to improve the wettability to increase the shear strength. A shear tensile, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) tests were used to investigate and examine the joint (bounding) specimens. The Minitab program was used to analyze the effect of the parameters of the joining process on the joint properties. The maximum and minimum values of shear force are exhibited at a processing temperature of 165°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 1.5 minutes; the minimum shear force was found to be 675 N, while the maximum shear force was 2182 N at a processing temperature of 175°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 3 minutes. The tested joints failed by an interfacial shear and necking in the polymer side with a ductile fracture. The joining process occurred through a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and the treated surface of the steel specimen. The average thickness of the joining line for the tested specimens was 8µm

In the age of the Internet, a lot of images are circulated among users, some of these images contain financial or personal information that requires confidentiality. Encryption algorithms existed for a long time, and the data used was focused on the texts data, while the multimedia data was neglected for a long time. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in 3D image coding techniques. This paper, proposed a method for image encrypted and decrypted electronically using Lorenz chaotic system, the supposed algorithm was developed by using the three equations of Lorenz system, before that, the image pixels are destroyed using reversible shifting and rotating processes in order to increase the randomness of the encrypted pixels and thus the difficulty of cracking the cipher. The he supposed technique gave the following results: The average entropy calculation was (7.285) before image encryption and (7.9974) after image encryption with average NPCR of (99.65%) and UACI was (30.35%) this confirms that the proposed method is reliable and applicable. Moreover, the suggested technique gives the best outcomes when compared to other similar works.

خلاصة البحث (باللغة الانكليزية):
Abstract:
Background: In order to obtain the desired outcomes, nanotechnology employs approaches to control shape, size, and texture of elements in the necessary nano scale. It was previously used primarily in the areas of substance chemical productions and physics, however this has changed through the advancement of new technologies. Over time, biological scientists became aware of its numerous benefits and investigated them in their respective fields.
Aim: To assess current knowledge about nanocomposites and their applications in prosthetic dental technology.
Materials and methods: On this topic, an electronic systematic review was conducted in various databases (Google Scholar research, Science Direct reports, PubMed studies, and Web of Science data), as well as a hand search of the scientific literature. From 2014 to 2022, published work was collected, analysed, and relevant articles were chosen for inclusion in this review. Nanocomposites and their applications in prosthetic dental technology have been reported in several studies. More than 36 papers were chosen for this review based on their applicability.
Results: The findings suggest that current knowledge is adequate to recommend nanocomposites and their applications in prosthetic dental technology for routine laboratory use, with improvements in each of the current nano materials and procedures for prosthetic dental technology.
Conclusion: Because of their physical and chemical properties, nanocomposites are suitable for prosthetic restorations; however, careful processing methods, nano materials, laboratory skill, and a strict protocol for prosthetic restoration are required to improve the mechanical and physical properties.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), the world's deadliest infectious illness. In addition to the lungs, bone marrow is also impacted by tuberculosis. Significant haematological abnormalities can be found in TB patients. This means that these haematological markers can be used to assess a patient's diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcome. The goals of this study are (a) to assess the hematological characteristics of TB patients, and (b) to examine the impact of rifampin (RIF) resistance on the prevalence of mutations in the whole rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fifty people participated in the study after being chosen through a systematic random sample process. From each participant, about 4 milliliters of blood were taken from a vein and estimated for the haematological parameters like Hb, WBC, Lymphocyes, neutrophils, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet count. Fifty tuberculosis isolates had their whole rpoB genes sequenced so that we could analyze the positions of the codons and the frequency with which they occurred. When compared to healthy controls, the values of hemoglobin and other blood indices were significantly lower or abnormal (p<0.05). ESR values were alarmingly increased in the subjects along with platelets (P value < 0.05). All of our 25 isolates exhibited four types of mutations at four RRDR positions (codons 510, 516, 522 and 526). We found codons 526 showed a high level (92%) of RIF resistance or mutations when compared to other positions. An easy and affordable way to forecast the progression of the illness and keep track of complications in underdeveloped nations is to test the haematological parameters of tuberculosis patients. RIF resistance is linked to certain mutations in the rpoB gene that may impact how RpoB and RIF interact. These results may be used to create new antibiotics and create cutting-edge diagnostic tools for TB medication resistance.

In the last decade, information technology tools have witnessed enormous development. Nowadays, they are used in all daily human tasks. Organizations and companies have recently started using information technology tools in all sectors. For example, the decision-making process is an essential task in all organizations. By using information technology components, companies can create a decision-making system that produces more accurate results with less time, effort, and cost. In this paper, the authors describe the role of information technology tools in the decision-making process. The impact of using information technology in the decision-making process was studied at a telecommunications company in Iraq. The authors use a descriptive-analytical method to describe this impact. They adopt a questionnaire to collect information and answer it. The analysis of the answers is done using SPSS. The findings indicate a link between using information technology tools and making sound decisions.

Stock prediction is one of the most important issues on which the investor relies in building his investment decisions and the financial literature has relied heavily on predicting future events because of its exceptional importance in financial work, after which profit or loss is determined, and since money dealers are eager to profit, the researchers have devoted techniques to forecast as providing the tools to achieve this. The choice of the proper model of time series data affects the precision of the predictions, and stock market data is typically random and turbulent for various industries. In order to obtain forecast models of stock market data that have the ability to accurately portray reality and obtain future forecasts, these models must take all data considerations from linear and none linear trends, different influences and other data factors, hence the research problem of obtaining a method that gives predictions of Iraq's stock market indicators that are accurate and reliable in stock analysis. In this paper, two models were proposed to predict the Iraqi stock markets index through the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm where Iraqi stock market data were used from 2017 to 2021 and good results were achieved in the prediction where the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm reached a mean square error (MSE) rate of as little as 0.0016 while the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm reached error rate 0.0055.

The scheduling of maintenance actions of generators is not a new problem but gained in recent years a new interest with the great increased advent of the demand related the expansion for power system size in modern power systems. Generator maintenance Scheduling (GMS) problem is a nonlinear optimization problem, high dimensional, constrained, and that assigns the schedule to perform well planned preventive maintenance on power generation units. The objective function is subjected to a number of constraints detailed in this paper and it includes binary variables to indicate that a generator is in maintenance in a given period. However, the biggest concern of GMS is to produce a precise timetable for preventive maintenance of generating units with high reliability and low cost. Despite that, regrettably a large volume of research works has accomplished solutions towards a model of GMS with the consideration of either maximizing of system reliability or minimizing of operation costs as an objective of their research work. This is called Single-Objective Problem (SOP) that involves one objective function which needs to be optimized. SOP solved by Single-Objective Optimization Method (SOOM). The main purpose of paper is to present a review on SOOM methods used in solving GMS problem.

Recognizing and transcribing human speech has become an increasingly important task. Recently, researchers have been more interested in automatic speech recognition (ASR) using End to End models. Previous choices for the Arabic ASR architecture have been time-delay neural networks, recurrent neural networks (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). Previous end-to-end approaches have suffered from slow training and inference speed because of the limitations of training parallelization, and they require a large amount of data to achieve acceptable results in recognizing Arabic speech. This research presents an Arabic speech recognition based on a transformer encoder-decoder architecture with self-attention to transcribe Arabic audio speech segments into text, which can be trained faster with more efficiency. The proposed model exceeds the performance of previous end-to-end approaches when utilizing the Common Voice dataset from Mozilla. In this research, we introduced a speech-transformer model that was trained over 110 epochs using only 112 hours of speech. Although Arabic is considered one of the languages that are difficult to interpret by speech recognition systems, we achieved the best word error rate (WER) of 3.2 compared to other systems whose training requires a very large amount of data. The proposed system was evaluated on the common voice 8.0 dataset without using the language model.

: Recently, researchers intensified their efforts on a dataset that contains a large number of features named Big Data, because of the technological revolution and the development in the sector of data science. Dimensionality reduction technology has efficient, effective, and influential methods for analyzing this data, which contains many variables. The importance of Dimensionality Reduction technology lies in several fields, including “data processing, patterns recognition, machine learning, and data mining”. this paper compares two important methods of dimensionality reduction, Feature Extraction and Feature Selection which are frequently employed by Machine Learning models. We applied many classifiers like (Support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, Decision tree, and Naive Bayes ) to the data of the anthropometric survey of US Army personnel (ANSUR 2) to classify the data and test the relevance of features by predicting a specific feature in USA Army personnel results showing that (k-nearest neighbors) achieved high accuracy (83%) in prediction, then reducing the dimensions by several techniques like (Highly Correlated Filter, Recursive Feature Elimination, and principal components Analysis) results showing that (Recursive Feature Elimination) have the best accuracy by (66%), From these results, it is clear that the efficiency of dimension reduction techniques varies according to the nature of the data. There are some techniques that are more efficient than others in text data, and others that are more efficient in dealing with images.

The study aimed to identify the role of viral marketing in enhancing customer confidence in the telecom companies sector in Iraq, using modern techniques on communication and communication with customers. Viral marketing and customer confidence), and it is one of the modern intellectual frameworks on the Iraqi environment. This study was applied to the Asiacell mobile phone company in Iraq, through an intentional sample consisting of (50) associates holding administrative positions. A questionnaire to collect the necessary data, and the importance of the study emerged from the novelty of the variables that it dealt with, and the most important results were that there is an effect of viral marketing on the customer’s confidence, and accordingly a set of recommendations were presented, the most important of which was the need to go to electronic marketing through various networks, especially What the Iraqi environment has shown of increasing and accelerating growth in the use of these networks, with the need to pay attention to the organizational structure of the study sample company, which must manage the load Marketing through the company's website.

Some experiments need to know the extent of their usefulness in order to continue providing them or not. This is done through the fuzzy regression discontinuous model, where the Epanechnikov Kernel and Triangular Kernel were used to estimate the model by generating data from the Monte Carlo experiment and comparing the results obtained. It was found that the. Epanechnikov Kernel has least mean squared error

The research aims to shed light on the nature of the use of customer relationship management techniques and know their impact on the quality of service provided by the Dora municipality to citizens. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach through the questionnaire tool, and many results were reached, the most important of which was that the techniques of customer relationship management have a clear impact on the quality of services provided by the municipality. The study sample was random, consisting of (194) of the 437 employees in various departments and specializations (senior, middle and executive management), (administrators and supervisors of service activities in all departments of the municipality). Statistical tools (Facronbach coefficient, weighted mean, standard deviation, correlation analysis, as well as regression analysis) were adopted. The most important results of the analysis were that customer relationship management techniques have a tangible impact on the quality of service provided to the customer, and working with them leads to a clear improvement in efficiency and quality. Services provided by the municipal department. Among the conclusions of the research, it was found that the municipality suffers from the lack of software and manpower specialized in technical work related to customer service despite the availability of the required devices, and the most important thing that was recommended is the development of the work system to improve the quality of services provided through training workers more focused as well as benefiting from The labor force as a daily wage earner who has a technical administrative specialization.

The research aims to identify the nature of the relationship between the marketing intelligence system and competitive strategies, and the research problem arises in answering the question: Do tourism companies rely on the marketing intelligence system in collecting data on the internal and external environments and on competitors’ movements and determining the needs of customers in providing service? What is the level of interest of the senior management of tourism companies in marketing intelligence and its dimensions? A sample of the 123 travel and tourism companies operating in Baghdad was selected. The questionnaire was used as a measurement tool. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in analyzing the answers of the sample members, which numbered 146 managers and officials in the travel and tourism companies in question. The data was processed using the analysis program. The statistician (SPSS V.25) The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of an impact and correlation between the marketing intelligence system and the competitive strategies of travel and tourism companies operating in Baghdad. An information base related to customers, their tastes and market developments, in addition to monitoring competitors' movements in order to provide the necessary marketing information to help managers take the right decision in applying the appropriate competitive strategy for survival and continuity in the tourism market.

The Kano model is one of the necessary tools for classifying the customer's requirements according to their degree of importance. This research aims to know the needs and requirements of direct importance to the the customer when evaluating the quality of the banking service provided, and then classify these requirements and using the Kano model into basic, attractive, one-dimensional and undistinguished requirements, in order to focus on the requirements of the most importance, as a sample for the study (70) questionnaires were distributed to the bank's customers to determine the requirements of the customer. I used the applied method determine what the customer requires. Statistical methods were used using (SPSS V.24; Microsoft Excel) and the most prominent conclusions were that the classification of the quality of banking service according to the Kano model varies from one bank to another depending on the needs and requirements of the bank's customers. Knowing the needs and requirements of the customer from banking services is necessary for the success and survival of any bank

The working individual is affected by the incentive system, which represents one of the most basic elements in improving the performance of his work, as the success of institutions depends on the human resource, which represents a vital factor in the work environment and a necessary requirement to complete the work that differs from one individual to another as a result of their different needs, motives and seriousness at work, and the main objective From this research is the statement of the impact of the system of positive or negative incentives and their important in the results of the performance of employees and the benefits achieved as a result of applying this system, whether it is for employees or the company at the same time, so the research was applied in the General Company for Maritime Transport on a simple random sample of (118) employees , using the analytical method and the data collection tool (the questionnaire) and for its statistical analysis was used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Spss-Ver-19) (reliability coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, f-test, Determining factor R²) and (Microsoft Excel), the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant significant effect relationship between positive and moral incentives in the performance of the year Softness in the company has more influence than material incentives, as well as we found out that there is no influence relationship between negative incentives (material and moral) in the performance of employees, that is, the individual worker does not have any effect from the negative incentive, whether his behavior is positive by his impulse to improve his work performance or aggressive and his behavioral behavior is not One of the most important recommendations of the research is the need to change, pay attention and develop the incentive system applied in the company in a way that creates new opportunities and challenges for employees working to develop creativity and excellence away from the usual pattern of doing business.

Considering that the clans in the Gulf and Arab regions have an extension that is deeply rooted in history and full of political, cultural and religious events, and by examining the researchers on many of the designs of Arab diwans in the Gulf countries, it became clear that there is a clear role that contributes to activating the diversity of design form techniques and its expressive heritage significance in the internal environment and in In light of this, the research problem was identified by the following question: What are the requirements on which the diversity of design form techniques is based? What is its expressive heritage significance in the internal environment of the bureaus of the Arab Gulf states? While the importance of this study emerges as it searches in the field of the diversity of design form techniques and its heritage significance expressing the internal environment within the diwans of the Arab Gulf states. While the objective of the research study is to identify the requirements on which the diversity of design form techniques and its expressive heritage significance is based in the internal environment of the diwans of the Arab Gulf states

The world has witnessed a huge technical development, and its effects have been reflected on the types of sciences and engineering knowledge, which formed a renaissance in its design image. This depends on the interior designer's choice of the proposed design ideas by calling them from his design imagination to a tangible reality, which mainly depends on the study of the characteristics to be implemented in relation to the internal determinants within functional and aesthetic necessities. Accordingly, the problem of the research study was formulated with the following question: What are the ingredients that technical work depends on? What is its reflection on its design image in the contemporary interior space of the Burj Al Arab Hotel? While the importance of the research contributes to supplying libraries, especially in the field of interior design, with valuable information in the field of technical work, including the design image that can be referred to by specialists in the field of interior design and benefit from it theoretically and practically, while the current research aims to reveal the ingredients that support the work The technical study through its reflection on its design image in the contemporary interior space (of the Burj Al Arab Hotel). The research study also included the axes of the theoretical framework as well as the research procedures represented by the research methodology based on the descriptive analytical approach (case study). Finally, the research study included extracting the most important results, conclusions, recommendations and future proposals.