iasj@rdd.edu.iq | +964 XXX XXX XXXX

العربية | English

Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Volume: 27

Issue: 3

Publication Year: 2014

Publication Date: November -0001

Articles in This Issue

Pages 1-565

1

Detection of Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme in Sulcus Median in Hind Brain (Fourth Ventricle) in the Hind Brain of the Adult White Rat (Rutts rutts

Thekra A. Ibrahim, Anam R. Al-Salihi, Nahla A. Al-Bakri

Pages: 1-7 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The method of heavy metals deposition which is based on cobalt in detection of Carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the Sulcus median in the hid brain (fourth ventricle) in the adult white rat (Rutts rutts). An essential amended in the method has been done by using cobalt chloride (CoCl2) instead of cobalt phosphate (Co3(PO4)2) in the reaction medium. Any efficacy of enzymic histochemical for carbonic anhydrase enzyme did not show in histological sections. The floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain is specific, clearly any histochemical reaction sediments have not been found in sulcus median of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The corresponding stain to green methyl which was observed clearly in sulcus median region. The ventral surface of area postrema composes of differentiated columnar cells without existence for any efficacy for carbonic anhydrase enzyme in it. Area postrema did not show any effective in both outerion region where appears as one mid line component or in back region where as continuing couple with central canal lining appears

Keywords

area postrema carbonic anhydrase enzyme sulcus median

2

The Environment Effects of Fish Cages Farming in the Euphrates River at Mysayyib District on Water Quality at the Farms and at the Myssayyib Water Purification Stations-2013

Raad M. AL-Khaphaji, Khaleel M. Mahdi, Raghad Hamed

Pages: 8-13 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cages of fish farming of Mussayyib district,The fish farming have been selected at Euphrates river with in Mussayyib districtBabylon province the area of study extend 3 Km at the river and includes 541 cages in water with in 46 fish farming . Water samples were taken from 3 stations three times within one month for each two of them were taken from two water purification stations in mussayyib ,physical and chemical examination of water quality were taken ,The results for samples from the fish farming indicated that PH and salinity of water within acceptable levels, high proporation of dissolved oxygen and vital oxygen required were very high while the turbidity was more the permissible limits, the test and oder of water were not acceptable for the resuts for water samples of the water purifications stations which indicated that turbidity was high ,test and oder were not acceptable,pH within the acceptable level the TDS and chlorides were more than permissible limits while the polluted materials were more than acceptable levels.

Keywords

environment effects fish farming water cages Water quality

3

The Effect of Spraying Proline Acid on Morphological Features of Egg plant Solanum melongena L. Exposed to Water Stress

Suha M. M. AL-Bassam

Pages: 14-23 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in the glass house in a nursery at the growth season 2013.The experiment was designed by the Completely Randomized Blocks Design(CRBD).The seeds of two varieties of eggplant were studied.They were : 1.Lot (Number)Melaneana an American species,2.Aydinsiyah a Turkish species.We used three periods of water stress(1,8 ,16)days respectively, and three concentrations of proline acid (0,50,100) ppm using three frequents for each treatment.The experiment contained 54 experimental unit.The seeds were planted on the 30th/8/2013 in the glass house of the nursery, a month later, we put the plantelet in pots with good fertilized soil in the glass house.Some growth features were studied (the height of the root and shoot system,dry weight for the leaf area and leaves number).The results showed a significant increase in some of the morphological features in the American spiecies (the dry weigh rate in the shoot and root system, the number of leaves rate and the leaf area) as they were compared to the Turkish variety and water stress for (8)days and spraying with the proline acid at concentration 50ppm for all trearments.

Keywords

proline acid and water stress on egg plant

4

Endophytic Fungi from Leaves and Twigs of Albizia lebbeck and Their Antifungal Activity

Batoal Z. Ali, Ahmed A. M. Alfayed

Pages: 24-33 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was conducted to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from leaves and twigs of lebbeck (Albizia lebbeck) and study their antagonistic activity against some plant fungal pathogens. Results showed isolation of 75 isolate endophytic fungi from 240 segments of leaves and twigs representing colonization frequency of 47.43%. Isolated fungi included different species of Aspergillus which prevail over other species (6 species), and three different isolates of Penicillium, one more species of Paecilomyces, Drechslera, Fusarium, Curvularia, Nigrospora and hyaline sterile fungus. Results showed variation in colonization frequencies within all species isolated from the two plant parts. Dual culture methods for testing antagonistic activity of isolated endophytes against three plant fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium graminearum and Macrophomina phaseolina showed different antagonistic activities with different endophytes and pathogens, antagonistic activity was evaluated as percentage of inhibition of fungal pathogen. Moreover different antagonistic interactions revealed range between mycoparasitism to competition and production of inhibition zones between the two fungi interaction. These results give indication of the efficiency of using endophytic as fungi as a biocontrol agents in agricultural application against fungal plant pathogens.

Keywords

Antagonistic activity Endophytic fungi Lebbeck

5

Role of Extracted Genomic DNA on Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro

Sanaa R. Oleiwi, Huayda K. Abid

Pages: 34-44 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Bacteria form complex and highly elaborate surface adherent communities known as biofilms.Biofilm have been shown to be associated with several human diseases ,and to colonize a wide variety of medical devices . The current study focuses on contribution of extracted genomic DNA in biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates .The percentages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovery from drinking water in this study were 10%(20 positive P. aeruginosa samples ) and K. pneumonia., 7%(14 positive K. pneumonia samples).The results showed that all P.aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates (100%) were slime producer but in different degrees by forming of black colonies on congored agar: very black colonies , black colonies and red colonies .Results indicated that addition of extracted genomic DNA to microtitre-plate cultures stimulate biofilm formation(either endogenous or exogenous DNA).

Keywords

Biofilm congored agar DNA microtitre-plates

6

Morphological Description and Histological Structure of Kidney in Barn Owl Tyto alba

Isrra A. A. Khadhim, Hussain A. Dauod

Pages: 45-59 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The morphological description and histological structure of Kidney in barn owl Tyto alba have been invesigated. The results of present study revealed that barn owl has pair of elongated solid kidney situated symmetrically on both sides of vertebral column. Each kidney consists of three lobes represented by carnial, middle and caudal lobes and all of then covered by a capsule of connective tissue. Microscopical examination showed that the basic unit of kidney in barn owl represented by lobules which have conical shaped and each of them consists of cortex and medulla, and the cortex occupies more area than that of medulla. The results of the present study revealed that the glomerulus in barn owl represented by relatively small spherical structure and each glomerulus has vascular and urinary poles , and the glomeruli distributed randomly within the cortex tissue of the kidney. Each glomerulus coverd by capsule called Bowman's capsule. The results of the present study showed that the tubules represented by proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle in addition to the collecting tubules which lead to collecting ducts. All tubules lined by simple epithelial tissue ranged from low cuboidal in thin segment of Henle loop to cuboidal in other parts. It in important to note that the free surface of the cuboidal cells have brush border in proximal convoluted tubules. The collecting ducts lined by simple columnar epithelium. The histological examination revealed that the wall of ureter consists of internal layer of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium then smooth muscle layer and the outer-most layer represented by the adventitia of loose connective tissue.

Keywords

Barn owl Histological structure Kidney

7

Morphological Description and Histological Structure of Olfactory Organ in Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

Ashwaq A. Hussain

Pages: 60-70 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The Morphological description and histological structure of olfactory organ in barn owl have been studied. The results of morphological description showed that the olfactory organ in the animal under study have pair of external nares ovale shape which lead to pair of nasal chambers which are located at the dorsal surface of head under eyes level. The chambers are conical in their shape the anterior end is narrow while the posterior end is enlarger the nasal chambers open to the oral cavity through the internal nares. The results also showed that the nasal cavity contains three chonchae which represented by rosteral chonchae, elongated middle chonchae and the posterior nasal chonchae called olfactory or caudal which appear curled and represented smallest in size. Microscopical examination results showed that the tissue surrounded the external nares is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which extends above the nares edges to the beginning of nasal cavity and forming the vestibular epithelium which appears as a column of the epithelial cells. The respiratory epithelium is found in the respiratory region and covered the middle chonchae, and is represented by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, on the other the hand olfactory epithelium is found in the olfactory region and covered the caudal chonchae is represented by non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The study showed that vomeronsal organ is losted.

Keywords

Histological structure Olfactory tissue Owl

8

Genetic Diversity of Iraqi of Common Reed Phragmites australis by Using RAPD Technique

Nidhal N. Hussain, Taghreed A. Abdul.Karim, Harb A. Abed mohammad

Pages: 71-86 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Genetic diversity was studied in 31 Iraqi common reed samples , which were collected from Iraqi marshes in Basrah , Messan and Thi-Qar provinces and also from different areas in Baghdad province . Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for evaluation of genetic diversity between collected samples . Seven primers were used for polymorphism detecting between common reed samples . The results revealed 102 bands for the all samples when RAPD-PCR was used . The percentage rate for the monomorphic bands is 6.86% , while the percentage rate for the polymorphic bands is 93.13% , and the numbers of these bands are ranging between 10 to 17 for each used primer . The UBC1 primer gave the highest number of polymorphic bands with 17 bands , while the M13 and Op-B01 primers gave the lowest number of polymorphic bands with 10 bands . The mean value of polymorphic bands is 13.5 for each used primer , while the percentage mean ratio for polymorphism is 92.67% , ranging between 71.42% for M13 primer and 100 % for UBC1 and Op-B11 primers . The results of dendrogram analysis for the RAPD data by using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) were showed that almost common reed samples were distributed in six main groups with 60% in similarity . These six groups showed coincidence with their geographic area . The samples which collected from one location or from same province were clustered in one group , while the Meshab and Sallal (Basrah) isolated samples were segregated from the other samples . The genetic variations between isolated common reeds have advantage in weeds control by using chemical or other methods

Keywords

Common reed Phragmites australis genetic diversity Iraq marshes RAPD

9

Histological Study of the Digestive Tract of Liza abu (Heckel) 1-Esophagus

Hanan R.D. Hussain, Wijdan B. Abid

Pages: 87-99 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study includes histological structure of digestive tract of Liza abu , Anatomical results found that the digestive tract occupied the largest part of abdominal cavity , the mean gut length was (45.5) cm and relative gut length was (2.9) . esophagus was a muscular tube length (1.5) cm , esophagus wall containing longitudinal straight unbranched folds numbering (9) . Histological study results found that the esophagus composed of four tunica : mucosa , submucosa , muscularis and serosa . The results found that the mucosa consists of three layers : epithelium , lamina propria and muscularis mucosa . The epithelial layer was stratified squamous epithelium thickness (139.1) Âµ containing big size mucous cells strongly staining with PAS and AB .Lamina propria under epithelial tissue thickness(148.3) Âµ composed of irregular dense connective tissue and does not contain esophageal glands . Muscularis mucosa composed of smooth muscle fibers thickness(10) Âµ. Submucosa was irregular dense connective tissue enriched with blood capillaries thickness(30) Âµ . Tunica muscularis composed of bundles of stri ated skeletal muscle fibers thickness(220.5) Âµ arranged in two layers internal longitudinal layer thickness(73.5) Âµ and external circular layer thickness (147) Âµ . Serosa was thin layer of loose connective tissue thickness (21) Âµ .

Keywords

Esophagus fishes Mucous cells . Digestive tr

10

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts for Three Local Plants

Kudair A. H. Al-Ameri

Pages: 100-109 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

There is an increasing interest in the use of plant extracts as therapeutic agents, particularly their capacity to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study antibacterial effect of Malva sylvestris, Anastatica hierochuntica and Vitis vinifera leaves extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microtitration technique. The result indicated that the extract of V. vinifera leaves inhibited with the growth of gram-positive bacteria, as well as gram-negative bacteria while the extract of A. hierochuntica showed inhibitory activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus. Finally the extract of M. sylvestris showed inhibitory activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and P. mirabilis. Phytochemical studies showed that the active component in ethanolic extract of these plants have amino acid, glycoside, phenol, tannins and alkaloids.

Keywords

Anastatica hierochuntica antibacterial activity. Malva sylvestris Vitis vinifera leaves

11

Biological Effect of Anthocyanin Extracted From the orange Fruit on Some Types of Pathological Bacteria

Saeed H. l Mohommed

Pages: 110-117 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This research includes study of the effect of two kinds of Anthocyanin extracted , from extracted orange fruit ( Anthocyanin Evolvulus ,Methiola Violet ) on two types of pathological bacteria E.coli , staphylococcus aureus. The result shows that two kinds of extraction have nearly similar effect , and there is Inhibition zone of no growth between 10-12mm ,and the extraction (1) that has concentration of 10-3 mol./L is more effective..

Keywords

Anthocyanin e.coli Staphylo coccus aureus

12

Genetic variation between wild type and auxotrophic mutant isolates of Sinorhizobium meliloti by using RAPDPCR technique

Ihsan A. Hussein, Salwa A. Ganim

Pages: 118-130 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

SGI2 wild type isolate of Sinorhizobium meliloti was isolated from Medicago sativa (alfalfa) plant which was obtained from Al-Tarmiaa region / Baghdad. Nine auxotrophic mutants were obtained from the SGI2 wild type isolate by mutagenesis with Nitrous acid (HNO2). The SGI2 wild type and the all auxotrophic mutant isolates had two Megaplasmids; pSymA and pSymB. No genetic variations in plasmid number and size were detected when gel electrophoresis was done for plasmid profile detection. Genetic variations by using RAPD-PCR technique were obtained between wild type and auxotrophic mutant isolates. One band was detected in SGI6 gel profile with 1.5 Kb size when OPY-04 primer was used. Using OPB7 primer by using RAPD-PCR technique showed large variation between all the isolates. Two bands were obtained from the SGI2 wild type isolate with 800 bases and 1.5 Kb in size. These bands were absent from the auxotrophic mutant isolates. The band with 800 bases was also found in SGI10 isolate. The other auxotrophic mutant isolates have different bands with size ranging from 200 bases and more than 1.5 Kb for the SGI6 isolate. No bands were detected in SGI8, SGI9 and SG12 isolates. The large differences in bands number and size suggested that the variation is clear at the genes level of the total genome and not at plasmid level as a result after nitrous acid mutagenesis.

Keywords

Genetic variation Nitrous acid RAPD Sinorhizobium meliloti

13

Effect of Extract of Nerium oleander L. Leaves and Proline Acid on Growth and Yield of Chict (Cicer aeitium L.)

Sanaa A. H. Ahmed

Pages: 131-140 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

stract The experiment aimed to study the effect of different concentrations (10 and 20)% of Nerium oleander L. leaves extract and proline (20 and 30) ppm on growth and yield of Cicer aeitium L. The field experiment was conducted during the growth season of 2012-2013. The results showed that the best concentration of N. oleander extract leaves was 10% that showed significant increasing in plant height, branches and leaves number and dry weight during first and second periods measurement as well as the chlorophyll containing in leaves , crop growth ratio (CGR), number of pods, weight of 100 seeds, percentage of seed carbohydrates. The results revealed that two concentrations of proline (20 and 30) ppm showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll contained in leaves, number of pods comparing with control plant , but the same concentrations led to significant decrease in dry weight and CGR .

Keywords

Cicer aeitium L. extract of Nerium oleander L.leaves Proline

14

New Record Of The Specis Cyclops scutifer G. O. Sars (Cop epoda- Cyclopoida) And Study The Effect Of Food Quality On Its Life Cycle

Maysaloon L. Al-Doori, Nibrass L. Al-Doori

Pages: 141-151 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

For the purpose of studying the effect of the quality of food on the growth and reproduction of crustaceans the type of Cyclops scutifer were used which ranked as the first record in Iraq and the test was bred and classification. To find out the effect of the quality of food on this type it has been selected three groups of food. The first group was chlorophyll, the second group was chlorophyll with Paramecium and the third group was chlorophyll with larvae of mosquitoes in its early stages. After collections the results and conduct statistical test (F test), the results found that the quality of food had great influence on the growth of animals and productivity the impact was clear on the stages of growth and transition from one stages to another, and the number of eggs and the time between its lap and the continuation of life and preparation.

Keywords

Crustacean Cyclopoida Food quality Zooplankton.

15

Endophytic Fungi of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) and their Extracellular Enzyme Activity

Batool Z. Ali, Huda M. Kadhoam

Pages: 152-163 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study was aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from myrtle (Mrtus communis) leaves and study their extracellular enzymes activity. Results revealed isolation of 99 species or ioslated of endophytic fungi obtained from 500 leaves fragment, which represented colonization frequency (CF) of 20.4%. Those fungi were related to 23 species or isolates, Aspergilli were dominated over all species (11 species) with CF 14%. Moreover A. niger and A. flavus showed the higtest CF values over all. Other isolated fungi were related to the genera: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium sp., Cunninghamella sp., Derchslera sp., Alternaria sp. Paecilomyces sp. and sterile fungi (mycelia sterilia). Extracelluar enzymes activity showed varation in type and activity of secreting these enzymes in solid media. The percentage of 91.3% of these fungi were able to secrete anylase, while 69.5% produced lipase and 86.9% produced pectinase, as well as 82.6%, 73.9% and 13% were able to secrete cellulase, protease and laccase respectively. Some isolated showed a high affinity to secret some of tested enzymes which give indication of the possibility of using these enzymes in many applications after isolation and characterization .

Keywords

Endophytic fungi enzyme activity myrtle

16

Studying of Structural Properties of ZnxNi1-x-yCuyFe2O4 Spinel Ferrite Using XRD Powder

Ahmed R. Abdil Majeed

Pages: 164-169 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

ZnxNi1-x-yCuyFe2O4 spinel ferrite were prepared using solid state reaction method with (y=0.1, x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 ) . X-ray diffraction with diffractometer CuKÎ± analysis have been carried out and studied showing single phase spinel cubic with space group FDÍž 3m for all prepared samples . Lattice parameters and crystallite grain size and x-ray density(Ïx-ray) bulk density and porosity ratio's were calculated and showed good agreement with the international data reported in the scientific research's.

Keywords

Spinel ferrite-

17

Magnetic Lens Design Using Analytical Target Field Function

Emad H. A. Al-Dawoody

Pages: 170-180 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Analytical field target function has been considered to represent the axial magnetic field distribution of double polepiece symmetric magnetic lens. In this article, with aid of the proposed target function, the syntheses procedure is dependent. The effect of the main two coffectin optimization parameters on the lens field distribution, polepieces shape, and the objective focal prosperities for lenses operated under zero magnification mode has been studied. The results have shown that the objective properties evaluated in sense of the inverse design procedure are in an excellent correspondence with that of analysis approach. Where the optical properties enhance as the field distribution of the electron lens distributed along a narrow axial interval with high field peak and virsa.

Keywords

Aberrations magnetic lens polepiece target function

18

Simulation of Multilayer Mirror Design for Visible region Using MATLAB Language

Fouad A. Asmail, Harkat M. Roomy

Pages: 181-190 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this work, the theoretical study for designing of dielectric mirrors of high reflectance in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum between wavelength of 400-700 nm is presented, and searching on the performance properties of the design, like there reflectance as a function to the wavelength, as beam incident in a normal form, for the materials of neglected absorbance, and scattering, in the form of thin film deposition, which are deposited on glass substrate, and by using matrix system in the study, which are used as computer simulation in MATLAB code. The materials which are used in this study are represented by ( AlAs ), (TiO2 ),( SiC ), and (Si3N4 ), which used in the designing mirrors alternating on the refractive index in the form of stacks series of quarter wavelength with high and low refractive index to get dielectric mirrors of low losses and high reflectance. From the results, the high difference of refractive index gave high reflectance with lower number of layers

Keywords

dielectric mirrors MATLAB program matrix system multilayer optical coating

19

Measurement of The Specific Activity For Beryllium-7 Isotope in Soil of Baghdad City Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry

Naz T. Jarallah, Ali K. Taki, Lina M. Hayder, Rafah E. Noori

Pages: 191-200 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study deals with the measurement of the specific activity radiation for beryllium -7 isotope in Baghdad city for samples of surface soils, by using gamma ray spectrometer technique. Twenty one samples were collected from surface soil of Baghdad city from Risafa and Karkh sides, (7) samples from Risafa side and(14) samples from Karkh side, where the axis for locations which are fixed by using (G.P.S.) . Gamma-ray spectrometry system (DSA 2000) with high purity germanium detector was used, which has (50%) efficiency and resolution of (2.2 keV) at gamma line (1332 keV) of 60Co source. The specific activity values for beryllium -7 isotope in surface soil of Risafa and Karkh sides, ranged between (B.D.L.- 32.827 ï‚± 6.636) Bq/kg for Risafa soil , and (B.D.L.-23.660 ï‚± 3.703) Bq/kg for Karkh soil. While the average of beryllium -7 isotope in surface soil of Baghdad city from Risafa and Karkh sides would be (32.827Â±6.636) Bq/kg & (23.660Â±3.703) respectively. The results showed that the most samples have a specific activity for beryllium -7 isotope which is higher than that for normal limits of international levels because of falls of atmosphere dust resulting from sun reactions.

Keywords

beryllium -7. cosmic ray radiation activity specific activity

20

Gamma Ray Attenuation Coefficients for Lead Oxide and Iron Oxide Reinforced In Silicate Glasses as Radiation Shielding Windows

Abbas J. Al-Saadi, Abbas K. Saadon

Pages: 201-214 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this work, the mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and half value layer parameters were calculated for silicate (SiO2) mixed with various levels of lead oxide and iron oxide as reinforced materials. SiO2 was used with different concentrations of PbO and Fe2O3 (25, 50 and 75 weight %). The glass system was prepared by the melt-quenching method. The attenuation parameters were calculated at photon energies varying from 1keV to 100MeV using the XCOM program (version 3.1). In addition, the mass attenuation coefficient and half value layer parameters for selected glass samples were experimentally determined at photon energies 0.662 and 1.28 MeV emitted from radioactive sources 137Cs and 22Na respectively in a collimated narrow beam geometry set-up using 2"x2" NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. These values are found to be in agreement with the values computed theoretically. Moreover, these results were also compared with those for the commercial window glass. The effective atomic number ( Zeff ) and half value layer (HVL) results indicate that pbO+SiO2 was better gamma ray attenuation than Fe2O3+SiO2 and commercial window glass. This indicates that PbO+SiO2 glasses can be used as gamma ray shielding in replace of both of them in this energy range.

Keywords

effective atomic number Gamma ray Glass half value layer linear attenuation coefficient mass attenuation coefficient radiation shielding materials

21

Effect of Doping Cu on the Structural and Optical Properties of (CdTe) Thin Films

Samir A. Maki, Bushra K. Hasson, Salam H. Feyad

Pages: 215-226 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this research we studied the structural and optical properties of (CdTe) thin films which have been prepared by thermal evaporation deposition method on the glass substrate at R.T with thickness (450 ï‚± 25) nm., as a function of doping ratio with copper element in (1,3,5) % rate .The structure measurement by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses shows that the single phase of (CdTe) with polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation [111]. The optical measurement shows that the (CdTe) films have a direct energy gap, and they decrease with the increase of doping ratio reaching to 5% . The optical constants are investigated and calculated, such as absorption coefficient (Î±), refractive index (n) , extinction coefficient (k) and the dielectric constants (Ð„) with both parts real and imaginary for the wavelengths in the range (300-1100) nm, before and after doping processes

Keywords

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) doping Optical Properties Structural properties thermal evaporation thin films

22

Fabrication of Photodetector and Study of Its Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Method

Samir A. Maki, Zainab S. AbdulRidha

Pages: 227-236 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The fabricated Photodetector n-CdO /-Si factory thin films Altboukaraharara spatial silicon multi- crystallization of the type (n-Type) the deposition of a thin film of cadmium and at room temperature (300K) and thickness (300 Â± 20nm) and the time of deposition (1.25sec) was antioxidant thin films cadmium (Cd) record temperature (673k) for one hour to the presence of air and calculated energy gap optical transitions electronic direct ( allowed ) a function of the absorption coefficient and permeability and reflectivity by recording the spectrum absorbance and permeability of the membrane record within the wavelengths (300 1100nm). was used several the bias ranged between 1-5 Volts. The results showed that this reagent works to the extent spectral 400-1000 nm current revealed these findings also said that factor ideal growing thin films CdO which gives a clear indication of the increased concentration of defects.It Showed the results of measuring volume - an effort that the detector of the type of acute if the value of effort internal construction less CdO of thin films . The studies of the response spectrum showed that these reagents responsiveness characterized Bakmtin : the first at the wavelength of 600 nm and the second at the wavelength 800 nm. The highest value for the responsiveness 0.46 A / W at 800 nm wavelength and using siding

Keywords

Photodetector cadmium oxide (CdO) silicon structural and optical properties. vacuum technology

23

The Effect of Thickness on Electrical Conductivity and Optical Constant of Fe2O3 Thin Films

Bushra K.H. Al-Maiyaly

Pages: 237-246 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this research the electrical conductivity and optical measurements were made on the Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method as a function of thickness (250, 350, 450, and 550) ï‚± 20 nm. The measurements of electrical conductivity (Ïƒ), activation energies (Ea1, Ea2),and optical constant such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient and the dielectric constants for the wavelengths in the range (300-900) nm have been investigated on (Fe2O3) thin films as a function of thickness. All films contain two types of transport mechanisms, and the electrical conductivity (Ïƒ) increases whereas the activation energy (Ea) would decrease as the films thickness increases. The optical measurement shows that the Fe2O3 films have a direct energy gap, and they in general increase with the increase of thickness

Keywords

Chemical Spray Pyrolysis electrical conductivity Iron Oxide optical constant

24

A Study of the Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillations with Temperature and Precipitation in Baghdad City

Abdulwahab H. Alobaidi, Oroba J. Taresh, Hussam T. Mjeed

Pages: 247-255 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the temperature and precipitation patterns in Baghdad city. Data of the monthly means of the NAO index,the monthlymeans of temperature, and the monthly total of precipitation were analyzed for the period 1900-2008. Non-parametric tests were used to investigate the correlations between these variables. The time series of temperature and precipitation showed no trends. The results indicated that is a slight correlation between the NAO and temperature and precipitation suggesting that NAO has no major effects on the temperature and precipitation patterns in Baghdad city.

Keywords

North Atlantic Oscillation Air temperature Precipitation Climate MannKendall Pearson Spearman Correlation.

25

Plasma Power Density Produced by D-T Fusion Reaction

Raad H. Majeed, Muayad M. Abed

Pages: 256-264

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Calculation of the power density of the nuclear fusion reactions plays an important role in the construction of any power plants. It is clear that the power released by fusion reaction strongly depended on the fusion cross section and fusion reactivity. Our calculation concentrates on the most useful and famous fuels (Deuterium-tritium) since it represents the principle fuels in any large scale system like the so called tokomak

Keywords

D-T reaction fusion cross section plasma power density reactivity.

26

Calculations of Gabor Lens Having Two Glaser Field Distributions

Azhar O. Al-Ghuraibawi

Pages: 265-272 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present computational work is focused on investigating some properties of Gabor lens. The Gabor lens under consideration consists of two fields, electrostatic and magnetic. The Glaser field model is assumed to represent each field along the optical axis. Under zero magnification condition the trajectory of charged particles along the axis of Gabor lens has been computed. The results have shown that a lens of short focal length and hence high refractive power can be achieved

Keywords

electrostatic lenses Gabor Lens Glaser field under zero magnification

27

Fabrication and Characterization CdO:In/Si Photovoltaic Solar Cell Prepard By Thermal Evaporation

Mohammed H. Mustafa

Pages: 273-278 English

Issues

Abstract

In this work, CdO:In/Si heterojunction solar cell has been made by vacuum evaporation of cadmium oxide doped with 1% of indium thin film onto glass and silicon substrates with rate deposition (3.9A/sec) and thickness(â‰ˆ250nm). XRD was investigated, the transmission was determined in range (300-1100)nm and the direct band gap energy is 2.43 eV, I-V characterization of the cell under illumination was investigated , the cell shows an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.6 Volt, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.8 mA/cm2, a fill factor (F.F) of 0.66, and a conversion efficiency (Î·) of 5.2%.

Keywords

Cell characterization fabrication photovoltaic Solar

28

The Optical Properties of Aluminum Doped CdO Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique

Samir A. Maki, Alia A.A. Shehab, Ayad A. Salih

Pages: 279-290 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this work, thin films of undoped and Al-doped CdO with (0.5, 1 and 2) wt.% were prepared by using thermal vacuum evaporation on glass substrate at room temperature. The optical absorption coefficient (Î±) of the films was determined from transmittance spectra in the range of wavelength (400-1100) nm. The spectral transmission and the optical energy band gap decrease from 75% and 2.24 eV to 20% and 2.1 eV respectively depending upon the Al content in the films, also our studies include the calculation of the optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant) as a function of photon energy. It is evaluated that the optical band gap of the CdO film could be controlled by Al-doping. The width of localized states in the optical band gap of the films increases with the increase of Al content. The improvement of the optical constant of Aldoped CdO has potential applications as transparent conducting oxide for different optoelectronic device applications.

Keywords

(CdO: Al) thin films absorbance Optical band gap. Optical Properties thermal evaporation

29

Ion Beam Focusing in Solenoid Magnetic Field

Bushra J. Hussein, Intesar H. Hashim, Dheyaa A. Nasrallah

Pages: 291-299 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present study investigates the main parameters effect on the solenoid design as converging lens of charged particle beam passing through it. These parameters are solenoid magnetic field (B), solenoid radius (Ro) and the solenoid total length (L). The result indicates that the solenoid system is very sensitive to the change of these parameters. The solenoid acts as converge lens but may convert to diverging lens at some conditions. The best design obtained at (L=1100 mm, B=5000 gauss and Ro=150 mm).

Keywords

focusing Devices ions beam plasma source solenoid magnet

30

Effect of Thickness on the Electrical Conductivity and Hall Effect Measurements of (CIGS) Films

Bushra K.H. ` Al-Maiyaly, Iman.H. Khudayer, Ali H. Abd Alrazak

Pages: 300-308 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The influence of different thickness (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000) nm on the electrical conductivity and Hall effect measurements have been investigated on the films of copper indium gallium selenide CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) for x= 0.6.The films were produced using thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates at R.T from (CIGS) alloy. The electrical conductivity (Ïƒ), the activation energies (Ea1, Ea2), Hall mobility and the carrier concentration are investigated and calculated as function of thickness. All films contain two types of transport mechanisms of free carriers, and increase films thickness was fond to increase the electrical conductivity whereas the activation energy (Ea) would vary with films thickness. Hall Effect analysis results of CIGS films show all films were (p-type) and both Hall mobility and the carrier concentration increase with the increase of films thickness

Keywords

CIGS electrical conductivity Films Hall effect Thermal Evaporation.

31

the Optical Properties of Electrostatic Design and Study Mirror By using Bimurzaev Technique

Intehaa A. Mohammed

Pages: 309-317 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this research a computational simulation has been carried out on the design and properties of the electrostatic mirror and a mathematical expression has been suggested to represent the axial potential of an electrostatic mirror. The electron beam path using the Bimurzaev technique had been investigated as mirror trajectory with the aid of Runge â€“ Kutta method. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of mirror has computed and normalized in terms of the focal length. The choice of the mirror depends on the operational requirements. The Electrode shape of mirror two electrodes has been determined by using package SIMION computer program. Computations have shown that the suggested potentials give good result for low value spherical and chromatic aberration Cs/Fr= - 8.05, Cc/Fr=- 9.1, L=8mm, A=500volt, which give a good indicator for designing the mirrors

Keywords

Bimurzaev technique chromatic aberration Electrostatic mirror SIMION computer program spherical aberration

32

From Amine , Synthesis and Characterization of New Some Transition and Non-Transition Elemnts Metal Dinuclear Complexes Derived Schiff Base ligand 1- Chloro â€“ 2- ( 2- chroroethoxy) Ethan

Modhir Y. Mahammed, Salwa A. Jabbar, Kader A. Shanak

Pages: 312-332 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This research of the thesis includes the preparation and identification of two new tetra dentate Schiff's base ligand . (H4L1 ) and then binuclear complexes with a group of transition metal ions in addition to cadmium with the general formula. [M2(L1)Cl2(H2O)2] M+2=[Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Cd] The prepared complexes and ligands were identified by in pared(FT-IR) spectroscopy ,Ultra violet-visible(UV-visible) spectroscopy and H-NMR spectroscopy of the prepared ligand, also microanalysis (C.H.N) of some of the prepared compounds has been carried out and the melting points, the molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility

Keywords

2-di(dichloro ethyl)ether 3-amino phenol Dinuclear Schiff base Tetradentate

33

Studying the Biological Activity of Some Oxazepine Derivatives Against Some G(+) and G(-) Bacteria

Husam S. Jasim, Anwor F. Muslim, Warka\'a T. AL-Sa\'adi

Pages: 333-338

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The preliminary test of the compounds N [2â€“ (3,4â€“dimethoxy nitrobenzene oxazepineâ€“ 2,3â€“dihydroâ€“4,7â€“dione]â€“5â€“mercuptoâ€“2â€“aminoâ€“1,3,4â€“thiadiazol [A] and N [ 2â€“anthralideneâ€“ 5â€“ ( 2â€“nitrophenyl ) â€“1,3â€“oxazepineâ€“4,7â€“dioneâ€“2â€“d](5â€“mercaptoâ€“1,3,4â€“thiadiazoleâ€“2â€“amin) [B] , showed that they possess high activity against some positive and negative bacteria , like pseudomonas aeruginosa (pseudo.), Escherichia coli (E-coli), staphylococcus aureus (sta.) and Bacillus subtilis (Ba.) and finally there is a study of the effect of some antibiotics like streptomycin (S), gentamycin (GN), chloramphenicol (C) and Nalitixic acid (NA) in order to compare the differences in effects. In the present study, results concerning the activity of oxazepines derivatives of compound [A] and [B] are reported.

Keywords

3â€“Oxazepine activity of 1 Bacillus subtilis. chloramphenicol E-coli Gentamycin Nalitixic acid. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Streptomycin

34

Spectrophotometric Determination of Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Preparations

Sarmad B . Dikran, Moen I. Al-Joboury, Alaa K. Mohammed, Ahmed S. Naser

Pages: 339-349 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of Mefenamic acid(MA) in dosage forms. Proposed method based on the reaction of cited drug with 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulfonic sodium (NQS). The optimum experimental condition have been studied. Beer's Law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.5-10.0 Âµg/mL at 450nm with detection limit of 0.189Âµg/mL. Effect of pH, reaction time, and volume of NQS on the determination of Mefenamic acid, have been examined. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of Mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations.

Keywords

1 2-Nphatha quinona-4-Sulfonic sodium mefenamic acid Spectrophotometric

35

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Thiazine , Azetidine and Thiazolidine Compounds Containing 1,3,4Thiadiazole Moiety And Their Antibacterial Study

Ali H. Samir, Khalid F. Ali, Ruwaidah S. Saeed

Pages: 350-364 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole [I] were prepared by the cyclization of thiosemecarbazide with carbon disulphide and anhydrous sodium carbonate in ethanol as a solvent. The reaction of compound [I] with alkyl halides yielded 2- amino-5-thioalkyl-1,3,4- thiadiazole [II] and [III] . Compound [II] and [III] were reacted with different aromatic aldehydes to yieled 2-[(substituted benzyliden ) amino] -5- thioalkyl-1,3,4- thiadiazole [IV]a-c , [V]a-d and [VI]a-d . Schiff ,s bases [IV]a-c , [V]a-d and [VI]a-d were found to react with 2mercapto benzoic acid in the triethyl amine to give 3-[ 5-( alkylthio) -1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl] 2,3- dihydro- 2- (aryl) benzo [e] [1,3] thiazine -4-one [VII]a-c and [VIII]a . The Schiff ,s bases reacted with chloro acetyl chloride in the triethyl amine to give 3-chloro-1-(5-alkylthio)-1,3,4thiadiazole-2-yl)-4-(aryl)azetidine-2-one[IX]a,b , [X]c and [XI]c,d .Also Schiff ,s bases reacted with 2-mercapto acetic acid in dry benzene to give 3-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)-2(aryl)thiazolidine-4-one[XII]a,c ,[XIII]d and [XIV]]c,d. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical properties and spectral (UV-Vis , FT-IR and 1H-NMR) analysis.

Keywords

1 3 4-thiadiazole Azetidine-2-one Thiazine-4-one Thiazolidine-4-one

36

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole Following Simple Diazotization and Coupling with Diphenylamine

Husam S. Khalaf, Abdul Mohsin A. Al-Haidari, Sarmad B. Dikran, Alaa K. Mohammed

Pages: 365-380 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Simple, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure and dosage forms. This method is based on diazotization of primary amine group of sulfamethoxazole with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with diphenylamine in acidic medium to obtain a stable blue colored dye and show a maximum absorption (max) at 530 nm. Different variables affecting the completion of reaction have been carefully optimized, following the classical univariate sequence and modified simplex method. Beerâ€™s law is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.5-12.0 Âµg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity of 4.9617Ã—104 L.mol-1.cm-1. The limit of detection was (0.108 Âµg.mL-1), and Sandellâ€™s sensitivity value 5.1047 Âµg.cm-2. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of sulfamethoxazole in pharmaceutical preparation

Keywords

coupling reaction Determination Diazotization reaction Diphenylamine. Dosage forms Spectrophotometric Sulfamethoxazole

37

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 1,3-Oxazepines Derived from Diamic Acid : N,Nâ€¾-Bis-(4-methyl phenyl ) pyromellitamic Diacid

Shaimaa A. Saued, Jumbad H. Tomma, Emad T. Ali

Pages: 381-392 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The symmetrical N,Nâ€¾-Bis-(4-methyl phenyl) pyromellitamic diacid (I) was synthesized from the reaction of toludine with pyromellitic dianhydride in dry acetone. Esterification of amic acid (I) with dimethyl sulphate in basic medium using acetone as a solvent give symmetrical N,Nâ€¾-bis-( 4- methyl phenyl ) pyromellitam diacetate (II). The condensation of new ester with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol leads to the formation symmetrical N,Nâ€¾-bis- (4-methyl phenyl) pyromellitamic hydrazide (III). New symmetrical 1,3-oxazepine derivatives (V)a-e can be synthesized from the reaction of the new synthesized Schiff bases (III)a-e (which are synthesized from the reaction new hydrazide (II) with different aromatic aldehyde) with naphthalic anhydride in dry benzene . The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their melting points and by their spectral data, FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy of compound (V)c.

Keywords

1 3-Oxazepines Easters hydrazides Schiff bases

38

Synthesis of Tetra Dentate N2O2 and their Complexes With Cu[II), Zn[II), Cd[II) and Hg[II) Ions.

Maysoon. T. Tawfiq, Ahlaam. J. Zaier, Muna . I . Khalaf

Pages: 393-406 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A Schiff base ligand 1,2-[Bis-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl)-amino] benzene [H2L] and its complexes with (Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)) ions are reported. The ligand was prepared by condensation reaction of ortho-phenylenediamine in methanol under reflux with benzoin to give the mentioned ligand. Then the complexes were synthesized by adding corresponding metal salts to the solution of the ligand in methanol under reflux with 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. On the basis of molar conductance I.R., U.V-Vis, HPLC, chloride content and atomic absorption the complexes may be formulated as K2[M(L)Cl2][MII = Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg]. The data of these measurements suggest a tetrahedral geometry to complexes Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg.

Keywords

Schiff bases synthesis Tetra dentate ligand.

39

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff Bases of Imide Moiety

Sulaiman M. Hasan, Ali H. Samir, Ismaeel Y. majeed

Pages: 407-420

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In our research novel schiff bases of imides moiety have been synthesized . Novel Schiff base derivatives of imides moiety have been synthesized by multistep reaction . First step involves prepare 2-amino -5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (I) by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazide with carbon disulphide and anhydrous sodium carbonate in ethanol as a solvent . Then , compound (I) was reacted with phthalic anhydride in the presence of glacial acetic acid to give 2-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) isoindoline-1,3-dion (II).Compound (II)was heated with ethyl chloracetate in the presence of potassium carbonatproduced ethyl 2(5-(1,3-dioxoisoindoline -2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl thio) acetate (III).The reaction of compound (III) with hydrazine hydrate yielded 2-(5-(1,3-dioxoisoindoline -2-yl)-1,3,4thiadiazol-jm2-ylthio)acetohydrazide (IV).The fifth step involves reaction of compound (IV) with N,N-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde to yield NÂ´-(4-(dimethyl amino)benzylidene )-2-(5(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-thio)acetohydrazide (V).The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical properties and spectral (FTIR,1H-NMR)analysis

Keywords

2-(5-(1 3 3-dioxoisondolin-2-yl)-1 4-thiadizole-2-yl thio)acetohydrazide phthalic anhydride Schiff bases.

40

Synthesis ,Characterization and Study Biological Activity of Some New 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole and Pyrazolone Derivatives Containing Indole Ring

Khalid F. Ali, Kadhim M. Lazim, Jumbad H. Tomma

Pages: 421-434 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This work involves synthesis and characterization of some new 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole or pyrazoline derivatives heterocyclic containing indole ring. The new 2-amino-1, 3, 4thiadiazole derivatives[IV] and [V]a, b were synthesized by cyclization reaction of 2-methyl1H-indole-carbothiosemicarbazide[III] in H2SO4 acid or by reaction of indole-3-acetic acid or indole-3-butanoic acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride, respectively. Amide derivatives [VI]-[VIII] were synthesized by the reaction equimolar of 2amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles and (acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, anisoyl chloride and heptanoyl chloride) in DMF and pyridine as accepter. The new pyrazolone derivatives [XI]a, b were synthesized from heating under reflux equimolar from a mixture of acid hydrazides [X]a or [X]b and ethylacetoacetate in absolute ethanol. Acetyl pyrazolone compounds[XII]a, b were synthesized by the reaction of pyrazolone derivatives [X]a or [X]b with acetyl chloride in 1,4-Dioxane in present of calcium hydroxide to give 4-acetyl pyrazolone derivatives[XI]a, b. The new aryl hydrazone derivatives of pyrazoline [XIII] and [XIV] were synthesized by the reaction of one mole of compounds [XII]a or [XII]b with one mole of phenyl hydrazine or substituted phenyl hydrazine in ethanol. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by melting points , FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy (of some of theme).

Keywords

1 3 4-thiadiazole hydrazone indole Pyrazole pyrazolone

41

Synthesis and Characterization New Schiff Bases,Pyrazole and Pyrazoline Compounds Derived From Acid Hydrazide Containing Isoxazoline Ring

Nebras M. Jamel, Dhuha F. Hussein, Jumbad H. Tomma

Pages: 435-447 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The work involves synthesis of new Schiff bases ( [V]a, b and [VI]a, b), pyrazoles[VII]a, b and pyrazolines[VIII]a, b derivatives containing isoxazoline unit starting with chalcones. 4bromoacetophenone was reacted with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with 4-bromobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give chalcone by Claisen-Schemidt reaction. The chalcons [I]a, b was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form isoxazolines [II]a, b. which were reacted with ethyl chloro acetate in basic medium to get ester compounds[III]a, b .The condensation new ester[III]a, b with hydrazine hydrate80% yieldedacid hydrazide [IV]a, b.The later compound refluxing with 4-substituted benzaldehyde in dry benzene to give Schiff bases([V]a, band [VI]a, b)while the reaction of acid hydrazide [IV]a, b with acetylacetone or ethyl aceto acetate to get pyrazole[VII]a, b , pyrazolone[VIII]a, b ,respectively.The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, FTIR, mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy(of someof them).

Keywords

chalcones isoxazoline Pyrazole pyrazoline. Schiff bases

42

Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and Mebeverin Hydrochloride by Derivative Spectrophotometry

Maha A. Mohammmed, Muna A. Kadhum

Pages: 448-461 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A new Spectrophotometric method, is for individual and simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP) and Mebeverin hydrochloride(MEB) by the first and second derivative mode techniques. The first and second derivative spectra of these compounds permitted individual and simultaneous determination of CIP and MEB in concentration range of (4-28Âµg/mL) by measuring the amplitude of peak- to- base line and the area under peak at selected spectrum intervals. The methods showed a reasonable precision and accuracy and have been applied to determine CIP and MEB in four different pharmaceutical preparations.

Keywords

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride Derivative Determination Mebeverin hydrochloride Spectrophotometry

43

IGF-1 , Leptin & AIP in relation to Osteoarthritis with and without Diabetes Mellitus Type2

Lamia S. Ashoor, Tariq M. Ali, HamidG. Hasan

Pages: 462-469 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

IGF-1 is a protein produced by the liver in response to growth hormone stimulus.One important key in effectively preventing and treating osteo arthritis, is establishing a healthy balance of IGF-1. Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue, acting as a sensor of fat mass in part of a negative feedback loop that maintains a set point for body fat stores. Leptin plays an important role in the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), prompting some to classify OA as a metabolic disease. it, has been found in synovial fluid from patients with OA , and are thought to have local effects on joint tissues . Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is newly marker of atherogenectiy provide prediction to accelerated development of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus patients. Objective This study was designed to find out the variation of some parameters in OA with & without T2DM. Patients and methods This study included ( 88) subjects aged between (40-60) years (all females , newly diagnoses and obese) who were attending the Al- Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital . Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya University . The enrolled patients were divided to four groups: OA(24) , T2DM (20), OAwithT2DM (24) and control (20) . Venous blood samples from women were taken for laboratory investigation which included : Fasting plasma glucose , lipid profile (TC ,TG , HDLc and LDLc) , IGF-1 , Leptin were measured and Atherogenic index of plasma calculated as molar ratio of log (TG/ HDL-C). Results The current study shows a significant increased atherogenic index , Leptin value , in three patients groups diabetes , osteoarthritis and OAwith DM when compared with control. But IGF-1 level was significantly decreased in the three patients groups T2DM, OA , T2DM with OA when compared with control . Conclusion Osteoarthritis has a direct effect on dislipidemia ,Leptin & AIP value in Diabetes mellitus type2

Keywords

AIP IGF-1 leptin Osteoarthritis T2DM

44

Determination of Sialic acid, Paraoxonase-1and IgG levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Messan Female Patients

Ibtisam K. Mohaisn., Zohair I. Al Mashhadani, Bushra H. Ali

Pages: 470-478

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder . PCOS affects 6â€“10% of women during their reproductive life. Patients with PCOS are in the high risk for coronary heart disease because of their abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance and obesity. The present study aimed to shed a light on the contribution of sialic acid, paraoxonase and immunoglobulin G as a clinical indicator in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Seventy five female patients with age range (16-38) years taken from Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital and AlZahrawi Hospital in Governorate of Messan through the period from July 2013 to December 2013 and twenty five apparently health subject as a control group were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three groups depending on duration of PCOS ,the duration of groups ,G2 range from 3 months to 12 and group G3 from 12 months to 24 months and G4 from 24 months to 48 months and more. Investigation included estimation of serum levels of sialic acid (SA), paraoxonase (PON1) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) . Serum SA levels were highly significant in PCOS patients as compared with control group. Also, significantly higher were found between PON1 and IgG with duration.

Keywords

IgG PCOS PON1 Sialic acid

45

Novel Schiff Bases Derived From Pyromellitic Dianhydride

Athraa M. Saloom, Amina A . Fayad, Emad T . Ali

Pages: 479-492

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The new Schiff bases derived from pyromellitic dianhydride were synthesized by several steps reaction . A symmetrical diamic acide [I ]a-c were synthesized by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with some aromatic amines (containing electron withdrawing , repulling groups ) in dry acetone. In the second step the diacids were converted to their corresponding diimide [II ]a-c using acetic anhydride and sodium acetate system as a dehydrating agent, via the intra molecular cyclization steps of amic acids. The third step was to synthesize the hydrazone derivatives from the reaction of diimides , with 80 % hydrazine hydrate at (50-60)CËš . These hydrazone derivatives were allowed to react with several aromatic aldehydes to form new Schiff bases via step four at a temperature near by (50)CËš . All the novel compounds and their structures have been ascertained by their melting points , mixed melting points , C .H . N analysis , FTIR spectroscopy and HNMR for some of them .

Keywords

imides pyromellitic dianhydride Schiff bases

46

Evaluation of IL-35 and hs-CRP in Iraqi Patients with Cardiovascular diseases

Warka\'a T. Al-Sa\'adi

Pages: 493-500 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a novel anti-inflammatory of IL-12 family member cytokine. High sensitive C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of inflammation disease. This study was obtained to estimate the concentrations of IL-35 and hs-CRP in cardiovascular diseases Iraqi patients. The study contained 79 subjects divided into two groups, 47 (21 male and 26 female) suffering from cardiovascular diseases and 32 as control group. The concentration of IL-35 and hs-CRP was measured by enzyme- linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that the concentrations of IL-35 and hs-CRP are increased in patients group. IL-35 is strongly expressed in human advanced plaque and hs-CRP. Therefore these two biomarkers could be useful as addition in diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. A significant increase of IL-35 and hs-CRP levels in patients group compared with controls (P<0.005) and there was a positive correlation between IL-35 with hs-CRP in patients group. The results of this study revealed that IL-35 is a potentially anti-inflammatory marker in cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

Cardiovascular diseases hs-CRP IL-35 Inflammatory markers Iraqi patients.

47

Solution of 2nd Order Nonlinear Three-Point Boundary Value Problems By Semi-Analytic Technique

Luma N. M. Tawfiq, Mariam M. Hilal

Pages: 501-512 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper, we present new algorithm for the solution of the second order nonlinear three-point boundary value problem with suitable multi boundary conditions. The algorithm is based on the semi-analytic technique and the solutions which are calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series. It is observed that the method gives more realistic series solution that converges very rapidly in physical problems. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method in solving this type of three point boundary value problems.

Keywords

Approximate Solution. Differential Equation Multi-point Boundary Value Problem

48

Efficient Semi-Analytic Technique for Solving Nonlinear Singular Initial Value Problems

Luma N. M. Tawfiq, Reem W. Hussein

Pages: 513-522 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a semi - analytic technique for solving singular initial value problems of ordinary differential equations with a singularity of different kinds to construct polynomial solution using two point osculatory interpolation. The efficiency and accuracy of suggested method is assessed by comparisons with exact and other approximate solutions for a wide classes of nonâ€“homogeneous, nonâ€“linear singular initial value problems. A new, efficient estimate of the global error is used for adaptive mesh selection. Also, analyze some of the numerical aspects relevant for the implementation, describe measures to increase the efficiency of the code and compare its performance with the performance of established standard codes for singular initial value problems. Many examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the suggested method on one hand and to confirm the convergence order on the other hand

Keywords

ODE Singular initial value problems

49

On bg**- Connected Spaces

AfrahM. Ibraheem

Pages: 523-530

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper, we define the bg**-connected space and study the relation between this space and other kinds of connected spaces .Also we study some types of continuous functions and study the relation among (connected space, b-connected space, bg-connected space and bg**-connected space) under these types of continuous functions.

Keywords

bg**-closed set bg**-connected space

50

Estimate Complete the Survival Function for Real Data of Lung Cancer Patients

Abbas N. Salman, Ibtehal H. Farhan

Pages: 531-541

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper, we estimate the survival function for the patients of lung cancer using different nonparametric estimation methods depending on sample from complete real data which describe the duration of survivor for patients who suffer from the lung cancer based on diagnosis of disease or the enter of patients in a hospital for period of two years (starting with 2012 to the end of 2013). Comparisons between the mentioned estimation methods has been performed using statistical indicator mean squares error, concluding that the survival function for the lung cancer by using shrinkage method is the best

Keywords

and Nelson-Aalen Estimator Borkowf â€“type estimator Complete Real Data Empirical Estimator Lung Cancer Disease Mean Squares Error Nonparametric Estimation Thompsonâ€“ type estimator

51

On S*g-ï¡-Open Sets In Topological Spaces

Sabiha I. Mahmood, Jumana S . Tareq

Pages: 542-555

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new class of sets, namely , s*g-ï¡-open sets and we show that the family of all s*g-ï¡-open subsets of a topological space ) ,X( ï´ from a topology on X which is finer than ï´ . Also , we study the characterizations and basic properties of s*g-ï¡open sets and s*g-ï¡-closed sets . Moreover, we use these sets to define and study a new class of functions, namely , s*g- ï¡ -continuous functions and s*g- ï¡ -irresolute functions in topological spaces . Some properties of these functions have been studied .

Keywords

s*g-ï¡-clopen sets s*g-ï¡-closed sets s*g-ï¡-continuous functions s*g-ï¡-irresolute functions . s*g-ï¡-open sets

52

Reducing False Notification in Identifying Malicious Application Programming Interface(API) to Detect Malwares Using Artificial Neural Network with Discriminant Analysis

Abbas M. Al-Bakri, Hussein L. Hussein

Pages: 556-565 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This paper argues the accuracy of behavior based detection systems, in which the Application Programming Interfaces (API) calls are analyzed and monitored. The work identifies the problems that affecting the accuracy of such detection models. The work was extracted (4744) API call through analyzing. The new approach provides an accurate discriminator and can reveal malicious API in PE malware up to 83.2%. Results of this work evaluated with Discriminant Analysis

Keywords

ANN Discriminant analysis Malicious API PE Malwares