TASLEEM JOURNAL

Intertextuality has emerged as a prominent concept in the global literary criticism scene, since its inception by the French-Bulgarian critic Julia Kristeva in the mid-1960s. In a remarkably short period, it has gained significant attention from Arab critics due to its partial resemblance to certain traditional critical concepts, particularly those related to poetic plagiarism.

The Holy Quran has held a remarkable presence throughout the eras of Arabic poetry, owing to its profound status and sacredness in the hearts of poets and recipients. This research delves into the Qur\'anic intertextuality and its implications within Andalusian poetry during the Almohad era, which spanned Andalusia for nearly a century, between the mid-6th and 7th centuries AH. The study examines the various forms of intertextuality with the Holy Quran, including: Intertextuality with Qur\'anic stories, Intertextuality through the citation of Qur\'anic verses, and Intertextuality through mentioning names of surahs.

Eloquence of the Prophet's (peace be upon him and his pure progeny) speech is distinguished by a unique structure and a distinct style in language. His style surpassed the Arabs in eloquence, composition, and expression. It is only fitting for him, as he is the possessor of a clear tongue, upright articulation, and comprehensive argumentation. He was the most eloquent in expressing ideas, the clearest in speech, the most concise in expression, and the most beautiful in style among the Arabs. The noble Prophetic discourse was endowed with a high level of eloquence, as Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, endowed him with comprehensive and concise speech, which combines precision, brevity, and rhetorical power. His eloquence had various aspects, some related to meanings, others related to expression, and others related to literary beauty.
The Prophet Muhammad's teachings were deeply influenced by the beauty and power of the Quran. His speeches were known for their clarity and persuasiveness, effectively reaching people from all walks of life. He spoke to their minds and hearts in a way that resonated with them.
This study aims to explore the unique characteristics and the beauty of the Prophet's way of speaking. We looked for the hidden gems within his words, the things that made them so impactful. We examined where these gems came from, why they were so effective, and how they touched the hearts and minds of those who heard them.

A thorough examination of the text of ‘Risalat al-Huquq’ (lit. 'treatise of rights') by Imam EsSajjad (p.b.u.h.) reveals a portrayal of individual and society as envisioned by the Islamic project, which aims to construct family, community, and nation. It begins with individuals as the core of society, as the message strives to rectify individual's relationships with their Creator and themselves. From there, these relationships expand, and the text works towards rectifying the individual's relationships with others, be they fellow believers, people of different faiths, rulers, neighbors, or even family members.
Islam aims to regulate all relationships to achieve a society governed by goodness, love, and peace, where every Muslim knows their rights and obligations towards everything and everyone around them, even their senses. Chaos and absurdity have no place in Islamic society. This study adopts the structural linguistic approach, which is limited to analyzing the internal linguistic structure of the text to extract these images and present them to the reader.

Stylistics is a scientific method that scrutinises the text through its rhetorical techniques, rather than as a mere sequence of phrases. Instead, it examines it as a collection of self-organising techniques that disclose the essential elements of the text and its aesthetic qualities. In this manner, this study investigates the stylistic phenomena in the sayings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, a renowned orator and a distinguished figure in the language of Ahlul Bayt. It is essential to explore the depths of his sayings by analysing their phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic dimensions. This research endeavours to uncover the profound meanings embedded in these sayings, given the eloquence of the speaker and the significance of the Ahlul Bayt language.

Imam Ja'far Al-Sadiq (p.b.u.h.) had a distinguished language characterized by refined expressions and profound meanings. It reflected the eloquence of his speech and the rhetoric of his expression. Various stylistic arts in them are observed carrying significant connotations with aesthetic dimensions.
He possessed a unique lexicon that left an unparalleled mark, evident in his vocabulary and compositions. This became particularly clear in his wisdoms and sermons, which drew their essential material from the Qur'an. Consequently, it was necessary to familiarize ourselves with the wisdoms and sermons of him and explore the purposes and meanings associated with the Qur'an in this research.
A distinguishing feature of his wisdoms is their conciseness, which simultaneously encapsulates treasures of prudence and solidity. A single one of his wisdoms, composed of just a few words, surpasses in eloquence what entire pages fail to convey. This is only fitting for the Imams of the science of theology and rhetoric.
These wisdoms embodied timeless and universal messages, a testament to his visionary foresight and his vast knowledge, which served as a guiding light for people across generations. Imam Al-Sadiq (p.b.u.h.) instilled in them a profound wisdom, distilled from years of experience, presented as a collection of eloquent gems imbued with noble principles of advice, guidance, a call for societal betterment, self-cultivation, and moral ascension.
This research aims to shed light on the unique features of Imam Al-Sadiq's (p.b.u.h.) wisdoms, which are replete with epistemological and semantic richness. To achieve this, it was necessary to uncover their content through analysis and examination of their characteristics. The concept of deviation was studied by delving into the semiotics of imagery and rhythm. The phenomenon of intertextuality in Imam Al-Sadiq's (p.b.u.h.) wisdoms was examined as well, presenting its types and providing examples.

The development of linguistics, particularly grammar, has been influenced by the advancement of science and technology, resulting in the emergence of contemporary linguistic approaches that extend beyond conventional views of language. Among these approaches is grammatical analysis, which has its own significance, characteristics, and pillars that transform language from a static state to practical application. Al-Harami, one of the prominent grammarians, recognized the importance of grammatical analysis, as evidenced by numerous examples in his book. This research focuses on the pillars of grammatical analysis in Al-Harami's "Al-Muharrar fi Al-Nahw," which represent the most crucial aspect of grammatical analysis.
The pillars of grammatical analysis were presented in five forms, encompassed by two sections. The first section, titled "Mastery of Grammatical Rules and Their Related Opinions and Conditions," dealt with the pillars of grammatical analysis that emerged from Al-Harami's mastery of grammatical rules and principles, different grammatical opinions, and the conditions associated with them, which the grammatical analyst must adhere to. This was presented in three subsections.
The second section, titled "Understanding the Meaning and Knowledge of Arabic Sciences," included two subsections. The first subsection emphasized Al-Harami's exceptional ability to understand meaning, which is the first step in grammatical analysis. The second subsection presented an aspect of Al-Harami's extensive knowledge, which encompassed various aspects of the diverse Arabic sciences.

Literary texts exist in a dynamic interplay between renewal and tradition. These two forces work together throughout the processes of text construction and produced to the recipient through a series of role exchanges. The balance between renewal and tradition can shift, with tradition sometimes taking precedence and at other times, the spirit of innovation prevailing. This dynamic is influenced by the evolving landscape of criticism, art, and literature across different eras.
Accordingly, this research has addressed this issue inherent to the literary text. Studying “the Hāshimīyyāt” by al-Kumayt ibn Zayd Al-Asadi has revealed that the focus of innovation lay in ‘the Ruins Introduction’ section and the poet's use of various types of argumentation, especially logical argumentation, as a new style in Arabic poetry that had not been employed by any poet before him.
The focus of tradition, on the other hand, was evident in the spatial environment, poetic imagery, and lexical vocabulary. All of these elements drew from the pre-Islamic spatial environment, its imagery, and the familiar desert words of pre-Islamic poets. al-Kumayt followed their path and approach in this regard.

This study sheds light on the methods employed by Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi al-Khirsan in his work "Prostrating on the Hussaini Turbah ". He employed a range of arguments and evidence, including rational and hadith-based proofs, among others, after laying out several initial arguments. It is worth noting that he frequently drew on the writings of dissidents (non-Shia) when documenting the statements and opinions he used as evidence, and he ultimately concluded that the disagreement arises from the differing interpretations of religious texts.