Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The current study included the possibility using fluorescent Acridine orange stain in the diagnosis of Babesia spp in cattle in Mosul city/Iraq, this dye is easily applied and takes no more than 2-5 minutes in the diagnosis of Babesia spp using of fluorescent microscope versus 45 minutes of Giemsa stain by using light microscope. The benefit of Acridine orange stain is in its uses in epidemiological and survey studies and for the control programs against Babesiosis but it is considered to be of little value in study of morphological features of small blood protozoa with low parasitemia comparing with the golden Giemsa stain in the study of morphological and specifications of Babesia spp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative effect of xylazine alone or as a combination with chloropromazine, and to check the possibility to induce analgesia by the use of sedative (sub analgesic) doses of this combination in chicks. The analgesic ED50 of xylazine (S.C.) and chloropromazine (I.P.) was 0.9756 and 8.598 mg /kg respectively. Depending on Isopolographic analysis, the drug interaction between xylazine and chloropromazine at ratios of 1:1, 0.5:1 and 0.5:0.5 of the analgesic ED50 of xylazine and the sedative ED50 of chloropromazine was synergistic interaction. The injection of sedative (non – analgesic) doses of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.) and chloropromazine (4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) together induced deep sedation with excellent analgesia in 100% of the animals in comparison with each drug alone at the same doses. There were no significant differences in glucose levels between the group of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.), a group of chloropromazine (4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) or group of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.) and chloropromazine (4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) together compared with the control group. Therefore, the combination sedative doses of xylazine and chloropromazine (low doses) can be considered as an ideal mixture for good analgesia in chicks.

This study was conducted in research department of animal resource / Al-Rashidiya, by using 21 of Awassi ewes in the last two months of gestation, ewes were divided according to their body weight, age and milk production during the previous season into three groups, daily feed intake in all groups was restricted with 1.5 kg / ewe on rations consist of barley, wheat bran, soybean meal, urea and straw. the first group was fed on ration contained barley untreated with formaldehyde (T1), while barley grain treated with formaldehyde in the ration of second group (T2), the third group fed on formaldehyde treated barley in late gestation and switch directly after lambing to the untreated barley (T3). Results indicated that differences was non-significant in colostrum yield 138±16.41, 163±19.26 and 127±19.43 g/ hr and in its components, milk yield was increased (P<0.05) in T2 1411±99.04 g/ day as compared with T1 and T2 1080±77.02 and 940±34.54 g/ day respectively, while no significant differences was noted in milk composition. Efficiency of protein and energy intake for milk production significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 which were 26.42±2.01 and 42.24±3.55% compared to T1 (20.56±1.59 and 34.31±2.99%) and only in energy efficiency as compared with T3 which were (17.70±0.78 and 30.62±1.34%). Result of blood parameters after four week postpartum was indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in cholesterol concentration in T1 69.60±4.85 mg/ dl compared to T2 and T3 56.55±3.67 and 54.73±3.99 mg/ dl, blood creatinine concentration decreased (P<0.05) in T3 5.03±0.53 mg/ dl as compared to T1 and T2 which were 9.60±0.77 and 9.35±0.53 mg/ dl respectively. In conclusion, reducing barley grain degradability improve feed efficiency and ewes performance, while the directly change of the feeding after lambing from low degraded barley to the normal barley grain had a negative effect in performance.

Nasal swabs were obtained from 28 adult sheep attended to teaching hospital belong to the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, which showed rhinitis with serous or mucopurulent nasal discharge. Smears were made on clean glass slides, stained with giemsa and examined by oil immersed lens for cellular assessment. Cells have been counted, percentages and averages then calculated for each type of cells, a statistical comparison of average values have been made between samples of the two types of nasal discharges to identify the significant differences using one way analysis of variance and Dunkan tests at P≤ 0.05. The results showed presence of epithelial cells lining nasal cavity, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and red blood cells at percentages 29.63%, 14.42%, 13.83%, 0.29%, 14.58%, 5.79% and 20.23% respectively at serous nasal discharge samples and at percentages 30.02%, 26.65%, 1.96%, 0.54%, 17.58%, 6.21% and 16.84% respectively at mucopurulent nasal discharge samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in percentage ratio of neutrophils at mucopurulent exudate than serous exudate. We concluded from the current study that most cases of rhinitis examined in sheep had an infectious nature rather than allergic.

The present research was designed to study the effect zinc sulphate (15 mg/kg/orally) and cadmium chloride (25 mg/L) with drinking water on the level of Heat shock protein 70 , testosterone and luteinizing hormone in adult male rabbits for six weeks. Twenty adult male rabbits randomly divided to four groups of five males per group: control group, the cadmium chloride group, the zinc sulphate with cadmium chloride together group and zinc sulphate group alone. Blood samples were withdrawn every two weeks of experiment. To investigate Heat shock protein 70, testosterone and luteinizing hormone by using ELISA technique. The result show that treatment of male rabbits with cadmium chloride resulted in a significant increase in HSP70 in 6th week, accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone 2nd, 3rd, 6th week compared to control group, supplement with zinc sulphate and cadmium chloride together resulted in a significant decrease in HSP70 in 6th week with a significant increase in testosterone and luteinizing hormone in 2nd, 4th and 6th, week compared to the cadmium chloride group. The treatment with zinc sulphate alone caused a significant decrease in HSP70 in 6th week and significant increase in the level of testosterone in 2nd, 4th, and 6th week and luteinizing hormone in 6th week compared with cadmium chloride group. We concluded that has an effect on the level of Heat shock protein and male sex hormones and that giving zinc with cadmium together reduced the effects of cadmium as well as zinc supplementation improve the negative effect on the level of sex hormone in adult male rabbits.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of manganese chloride in drinking water at 1 g/L on the plasma and brain chicks AChE activity in vivo and in vitro. At 14-day-old manganese caused significant decrease in the acetycholinestrase activity in the brain of chicks about 36%. While there was no significant inhibition in plasma AChE. Dichlorvos at 7 mg/kg, orally significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity. Dichlorvos at 0.5 and 1 µl significantly inhibited plasma and brain cholinesterase activity in vitro, while manganese not affected on the cholinesterase activity in vitro. manganese with dichlorvos caused decrease in ration of AchE inhibited at 7 days old in brain and plasma AChE to 59% and 69% respectively, while increased in the ratio of inhibition at 14 days old in brain and plasma AChE activity of chicks to 64% and 91% respectively. The results suggested that manganese chloride caused decrease inhibition of AChE activity in brain of chicks manganese with dichlorvos causes decrease in the inhibited ratio of plasma and brain at 7 days old while causes increased the ratio of inhibition at 14 days old.

The current study included examination of 1525 buffaloes from (11) districts in Mosul city for detection of lice and ticks. Results showed that the total percentage of lice infestation was 48.63%, particularly blood sucking lice Haematopinus tuberculatus. Buffaloes reared in Al-Shalalate and Al-Kabate showed 100% lice infestation, sucking lice H. tuberculatus was diagnosed by thorax plate which was rectangular with the presence of anterior process on each side. The length of male was 3.5-4 mm while the length of female was 4.5-5 mm. Total tick infestation was 49.1%, with a heights percentage of 80% was noticed in Al-Kabat. Three species of hard ticks were identified, namely Hyalomma anatolicum, Boophilus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. H. anatolicum was diagnosed by the following characteristics: half circular capitulum; chilecera consist of 3 long pieces, bifurcated first coxa, breathing plate is comma shape, festoon is present with the presence of 2 sub anal plates project out of the body. In R. sanguineus, the capitulum is six angled with short mouth parts. The first coxa was bifurcated with presence of festoon. Breathing plate was comma shape. In B. annulatus the capitulim was six angled with short mouth parts. The first coxa was triangular in shape with short legs and absence of festoon while the breathing plate was oval or rounded in shape.

In this study, pieces of skin from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fish were collected freshly from juveniles from a privet fish farm in Duhok city, Kurdistan-Iraq. Those pieces of skin were cultured In Vitro by using two methods of explanting; direct explants and enzymatic pre-digested explants of tissue fragments. The results showed a highest cell yield (5×103 cell/ml) on passage 2 of enzymatic pre-digested tissues and higher cell growth rate in compare with cell yield (38×102 cell/ml) gained from direct explant tissues. Both procedures showed forming of clumped cells colonies in initial passages (P1 and P2), and the morphological changes were developed in both cells to show a fibroblast like appearance thereafter. Such findings are important and advantageous to suggest a faster and more efficient protocol for tissue culture cells isolation with lower cost and better isolation success as well.

This study aim to use bee venom as alternative medicine for treatment of rats induced with rheumatoid arthritis. Forty rats used for this purpose which divided into four groups, three groups induced with rheumatoid arthritis and one group considered as control group that subdivided into control negative and control positive (rheumatoid group). All the groups induced with rheumatoid arthritis injected with bee venom with different doses (high 40 µg/kg and low dose 10 µg/kg) and different times (after 5 days and after two weeks from CFA injection and along with CFA injection). Glucocorticoid receptor beta used as a biomarker which suggested function as negative regulator determine glucocorticoid sensitivity in target tissues and as an endogenous inhibitor for glucocorticoid action. The high and low dose showed significantly decrease in GCRβ as compared with control group and non-significant between rheumatoid and both along CFA and after 5 days of CFA injection. The pre-treatment high and low dose revealed significant decrease in GCRβ compared with Rheumatoid group and non- significant as compared with control group in low dose bee venom treatment. Also, depending on hand paw edema assessment, a weak evidence about anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom has shown. From our data we concluded that bee venom prevents GCRβ elevation especially in pre-treatment group this may result assess to anti-inflammatory effect but the safety of this toxin still needed for another study. Clinically no evidence about the treated effect of bee venom on rheumatoid arthritis in rat.

The aim of this study was to detect the accumulation of carbon and determination its appearance in different areas of groups of ducks. Using special dyes to detect deposits of carbon particles. Also, using AO/ EB stains to detect early and late (progress) apoptosis that occurred due to the precipitated of carbon in both areas (Al-ahdeb oil field and brick factories areas) but late apoptosis occurred in bronchi of brick factories area more than oil field area. The histological examination of trachea showed no any indicator of accumulation of carbon in three different areas, whereas in bronchi showed the presence of carbon in polluted areas (Al-ahdeb oil field and brick factories areas) in different amounts.

The objective of this study was to identify the levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and its relation to the reproductive efficiency and serum progesterone concentration in lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Data were obtained by stratified random sampling from population to get 18 dairy cows, which divided into three groups. The first, second, and third groups each with milk yield of less than 17, between 17-21, and over 21 liters/day, and with calving interval of less than 365, between 365-450 and more than 450 days. Blood was collected from the coccygeal vein at the time of insemination (D0), 7 day (D+7) and 22 days (D+22) after insemination. BUN and progesterone concentration were measured. Data analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) on the observed parameters. Data regrouping based on BUN concentration showed that the mean of services per conception (S/C) was lower and conception rate (CR) was higher (P<0.05) in dairy cattle having BUN<18 than those of with BUN>18 mg/dL. The mean of progesterone concentration at D+22 was higher (P<0.05) than those at D0 and D+7 in pregnant dairy cows and with BUN<18 mg/dL, as well as those at D+22 in non-pregnant dairy cows with BUN>18 and BUN<18 mg/dL. This study concluded that high BUN concentration affect the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows by decreasing CR and increasing progesterone serum concentration.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of administration of lecirelin acetate, hCG and progesterone after AI on ovarian picture, serum progesterone concentrations and first service conception rate in cross-bred cattle. A total of 160 lactating cross bred (Friesian x Sahiwal) cattle were divided into 4 groups after AI. The groups were treated as follows: control (injected i.m with normal saline 2ml, n=40), d 7-LA (injected i.m with lecirelin acetate100 µg, n=40), d 7-hCG (injected with hCG 3300 IU, n=40) and d 7-P4 (injected i.m with Progesterone 0.5 mg daily for 4 days, n=40) group. The hormonal treatments were given to animals on day 7 after AI. The ultrasonography and blood sampling was done before treatment and then 7 days later. All animals were examined for pregnancy through ultrasonography at 40 ± 1 day after AI. The diameter of SCL on 7 days after treatment was higher (P < 0.01) in group d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group cows as compared to control cows. In contrast, the diameter of SCL in d 7- P4 treated cows did not differ from control cows. Formation of ACL was observed only in 50 % & 80 % cows in d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group respectively. No ACL was observed in control and d 7- P4 cattle on day 7 after treatment. The P4 concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in d 7-hCG treated cattle as compared to control at 7 days after treatment. As compared to 10 percent First Service Conception Rate (FSCR) in controls, an increase (P < 0.05) of 50 percent and 40 percent was observed in each treatment group (d 7-hCG & d 7-LA), non-significant (P > 0.05) difference in FSCR was observed between control and d 7-P4 group. It was concluded that the use of hCG or LA, 7 days after AI is a beneficial tool to improve conception rate in cross-bred cattle whereas use of parental P4 post-breeding has no effect on SCL diameter and conception rate.

Mammary gland tumors in dogs rank second among all newly diagnosed tumors in this species. Research goal was to study clinical/morphological characteristics of breast cancer in dogs with the use of ultrasound investigation. 34 dogs of different breeds and age groups with spontaneously emerging neoplasms of mammary glands were chosen for the study. To classify malignant tumors, the histological classification was applied. Complete examination of breast tumors was carried out with the help of clinical observation, ultrasound, radiologic, hematological and ultrasonographic methods applied. The largest percentage (23.5%) of animals with mammary gland neoplasms are mongrel female dogs. The breed predisposition was detected in dogs of the following breeds: Miniature Schnauzer - 11.9%, Standard Dachshund - 11.9%, American Bulldog, American Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Poodle - 8% each. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 29 animals (85.3%), 100% of those cases in the nodular form with microcalcifications in the tumor parenchyma. The horizontal orientation of growth is more often typical of breast cancer in the mammary gland pairs I and II at the initial stage of carcinogenesis, and is characterized by an inhomogeneous hypoechoic structure with sufficiently pronounced boundaries detected during the ultrasound investigation. The vertical orientation of growth is mainly typical of breast cancer in the mammary gland pairs III, IV and V from the very beginning of the disease. The ultrasonography usually shows: inhomogeneous hypoechoic structure containing inclusions in the form of cords or foci of a higher acoustic solidity; also clearly defined lateral acoustic shadows and dorsal echo enhancement; as well as unevenness and indistinctness of borders. The performed histological study within the current research revealed a multifocal, infiltrating epithelial neoplasm with distinct edges, surrounded by a large amount of fibrous tissue. The tumor consisted of a number of acini with a tendency of forming a network structure. The shape of cells was detected from round to irregular, the cytoplasm was found scarce, often with uneven borders, with the large central core, with chromophilic substance and 1-2 nucleoli. The cells were characterized by the pronounced anisocytosis and anisocariosis, and a great number of mitotic figures. Lymphatic invasion was observed. Ultrasound investigation of the mammary gland allows for performing percutaneous minimally invasive interventions and differential diagnostics of cystic and solid lesions of the mammary gland (96-100% accuracy), mastopathy and carcinoma conditions.