Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

In this study, pieces of skin from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fish were collected freshly from juveniles from a
privet fish farm in Duhok city, Kurdistan-Iraq. Those pieces of skin were cultured In Vitro by using two methods of
explanting; direct explants and enzymatic pre-digested explants of tissue fragments. The results showed a highest cell yield
(5×103
cell/ml) on passage 2 of enzymatic pre-digested tissues and higher cell growth rate in compare with cell yield (38×102
cell/ml) gained from direct explant tissues. Both procedures showed forming of clumped cells colonies in initial passages (P1
and P2), and the morphological changes were developed in both cells to show a fibroblast like appearance thereafter. Such
findings are important and advantageous to suggest a faster and more efficient protocol for tissue culture cells isolation with
lower cost and better isolation success as well.

This study aim to use bee venom as alternative medicine for treatment of rats induced with rheumatoid arthritis. Forty rats
used for this purpose which divided into four groups, three groups induced with rheumatoid arthritis and one group considered
as control group that subdivided into control negative and control positive (rheumatoid group). All the groups induced with
rheumatoid arthritis injected with bee venom with different doses (high 40 µg/kg and low dose 10 µg/kg) and different times
(after 5 days and after two weeks from CFA injection and along with CFA injection). Glucocorticoid receptor beta used as a
biomarker which suggested function as negative regulator determine glucocorticoid sensitivity in target tissues and as an
endogenous inhibitor for glucocorticoid action. The high and low dose showed significantly decrease in GCRβ as compared
with control group and non-significant between rheumatoid and both along CFA and after 5 days of CFA injection. The pretreatment high and low dose revealed significant decrease in GCRβ compared with Rheumatoid group and non- significant as
compared with control group in low dose bee venom treatment. Also, depending on hand paw edema assessment, a weak
evidence about anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom has shown. From our data we concluded that bee venom prevents
GCRβ elevation especially in pre-treatment group this may result assess to anti-inflammatory effect but the safety of this toxin
still needed for another study. Clinically no evidence about the treated effect of bee venom on rheumatoid arthritis in rat.

The aim of this study was to detect the accumulation of carbon and determination its appearance in different areas of
groups of ducks. Using special dyes to detect deposits of carbon particles. Also, using AO/ EB stains to detect early and late
(progress) apoptosis that occurred due to the precipitated of carbon in both areas (Al-ahdeb oil field and brick factories areas)
but late apoptosis occurred in bronchi of brick factories area more than oil field area. The histological examination of trachea
showed no any indicator of accumulation of carbon in three different areas, whereas in bronchi showed the presence of carbon
in polluted areas (Al-ahdeb oil field and brick factories areas) in different amounts.

The objective of this study was to identify the levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and its relation to the reproductive
efficiency and serum progesterone concentration in lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Data were obtained by stratified
random sampling from population to get 18 dairy cows, which divided into three groups. The first, second, and third groups
each with milk yield of less than 17, between 17-21, and over 21 liters/day, and with calving interval of less than 365, between
365-450 and more than 450 days. Blood was collected from the coccygeal vein at the time of insemination (D0), 7 day (D+7)
and 22 days (D+22) after insemination. BUN and progesterone concentration were measured. Data analysis showed no
significant difference (P>0.05) on the observed parameters. Data regrouping based on BUN concentration showed that the
mean of services per conception (S/C) was lower and conception rate (CR) was higher (P<0.05) in dairy cattle having
BUN<18 than those of with BUN>18 mg/dL. The mean of progesterone concentration at D+22 was higher (P<0.05) than those
at D0 and D+7 in pregnant dairy cows and with BUN<18 mg/dL, as well as those at D+22 in non-pregnant dairy cows with
BUN>18 and BUN<18 mg/dL. This study concluded that high BUN concentration affect the reproductive efficiency of dairy
cows by decreasing CR and increasing progesterone serum concentration.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of administration of lecirelin acetate, hCG and progesterone after AI
on ovarian picture, serum progesterone concentrations and first service conception rate in cross-bred cattle. A total of 160
lactating cross bred (Friesian x Sahiwal) cattle were divided into 4 groups after AI. The groups were treated as follows: control
(injected i.m with normal saline 2ml, n=40), d 7-LA (injected i.m with lecirelin acetate100 µg, n=40), d 7-hCG (injected with
hCG 3300 IU, n=40) and d 7-P4 (injected i.m with Progesterone 0.5 mg daily for 4 days, n=40) group. The hormonal
treatments were given to animals on day 7 after AI. The ultrasonography and blood sampling was done before treatment and
then 7 days later. All animals were examined for pregnancy through ultrasonography at 40 ± 1 day after AI. The diameter of
SCL on 7 days after treatment was higher (P < 0.01) in group d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group cows as compared to control cows.
In contrast, the diameter of SCL in d 7- P4 treated cows did not differ from control cows. Formation of ACL was observed only
in 50 % & 80 % cows in d 7-LA and d 7-hCG group respectively. No ACL was observed in control and d 7- P4 cattle on day 7
after treatment. The P4 concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in d 7-hCG treated cattle as compared to control at 7
days after treatment. As compared to 10 percent First Service Conception Rate (FSCR) in controls, an increase (P < 0.05) of 50
percent and 40 percent was observed in each treatment group (d 7-hCG & d 7-LA), non-significant (P > 0.05) difference in
FSCR was observed between control and d 7-P4 group. It was concluded that the use of hCG or LA, 7 days after AI is a
beneficial tool to improve conception rate in cross-bred cattle whereas use of parental P4 post-breeding has no effect on SCL
diameter and conception rate

Mammary gland tumors in dogs rank second among all newly diagnosed tumors in this species. Research goal was to study
clinical/morphological characteristics of breast cancer in dogs with the use of ultrasound investigation. 34 dogs of different
breeds and age groups with spontaneously emerging neoplasms of mammary glands were chosen for the study. To classify
malignant tumors, the histological classification was applied. Complete examination of breast tumors was carried out with the
help of clinical observation, ultrasound, radiologic, hematological and ultrasonographic methods applied. The largest
percentage (23.5%) of animals with mammary gland neoplasms are mongrel female dogs. The breed predisposition was
detected in dogs of the following breeds: Miniature Schnauzer - 11.9%, Standard Dachshund - 11.9%, American Bulldog,
American Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Poodle - 8% each. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 29 animals (85.3%), 100% of those
cases in the nodular form with microcalcifications in the tumor parenchyma. The horizontal orientation of growth is more often
typical of breast cancer in the mammary gland pairs I and II at the initial stage of carcinogenesis, and is characterized by an
inhomogeneous hypoechoic structure with sufficiently pronounced boundaries detected during the ultrasound investigation.
The vertical orientation of growth is mainly typical of breast cancer in the mammary gland pairs III, IV and V from the very
beginning of the disease. The ultrasonography usually shows: inhomogeneous hypoechoic structure containing inclusions in
the form of cords or foci of a higher acoustic solidity; also clearly defined lateral acoustic shadows and dorsal echo
enhancement; as well as unevenness and indistinctness of borders. The performed histological study within the current
research revealed a multifocal, infiltrating epithelial neoplasm with distinct edges, surrounded by a large amount of fibrous
tissue. The tumor consisted of a number of acini with a tendency of forming a network structure. The shape of cells was
detected from round to irregular, the cytoplasm was found scarce, often with uneven borders, with the large central core, with
chromophilic substance and 1-2 nucleoli. The cells were characterized by the pronounced anisocytosis and anisocariosis, and a
great number of mitotic figures. Lymphatic invasion was observed. Ultrasound investigation of the mammary gland allows for
performing percutaneous minimally invasive interventions and differential diagnostics of cystic and solid lesions of the
mammary gland (96-100% accuracy), mastopathy and carcinoma conditions.

Thirty local Iraqi ewes reared in Tikrit – Salah-edin province from first the of October-2016 to the first of March-2017
were used in the current study to investigate the influence of pregnancy on levels of some biochemical and minerals contents
in the blood serum. Blood samples were collected from ewes before and monthly during pregnancy (first, second, third, fourth
and fifth month), serum separated and stored at 5 °C until samples analysis. All samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer
with special kits for each parameter. Results demonstrate significant decrease (P ≤0.05) in concentration of total protein,
cholesterol and glucose as pregnancy advanced, while there is no effect of pregnancy on the concentration of creatinine and
magnesium, however, there is a significant increase (P ≤0.05) in calcium concentration as pregnancy proceed. In conclusion
the pregnancy has clear influences on the concentration of total protein, cholesterol, glucose and calcium. The measurements
of these parameters give best assessment for nutritional and health status of Iraqi ewes during pregnancy.

The present study was designed to detect resistant site of nalidixic acid through transformation and plasmid curing of S.
aureus strains isolated from buffalo milk with subclinical mastitis and workers’ hands. A total of 37 S. aureus isolates
including 17 isolates recovered from buffalo milk infected with subclinical mastitis, in addition to 20 isolates recovered from
workers’ hands. All 37 isolates were investigated by detection of the 23S rRNA gene and various other species specific genes
including coa, nuc and clfA. The antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates was performed by the discs diffusion method using
19 antibiotics. Plasmid transformation method was carried out by transferring the plasmid isolated from S. aureus into
competent Escherichia coli HB 101 in order to detection the resistant site of nalidixic acid. Plasmid curing was accomplished
by preparing different concentrations of nalidixic acid (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 µg/ml) and cultured transformed E.coli on
LB agar supported with each of the aforementioned concentrations. The molecular results showed that six isolates (five
isolates from milk samples and one from workers’ hands) were identified as S. aureus by coa, nuc, and clfA species specific
primers. The six S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least 5 antibiotics which included the nalidixic acid. The
results of plasmid transformation revealed that E. coli was able to grow on LB agar supported with 100µg/ml, 150 µg/ml, 200
µg/ml and 250 µg/ml of nalidixic acid and failed to grow on 300 µg/ml concentration

Research was undertaken to establish an inventory of ticks on dogs in the north east of Algeria. In the first aspect of study,
a survey aims to identify of Ixodidae infesting the dogs in bioclimatic different areas and to determine the risk factors. This
work took place between 2006 and 2012. The results of the collections show that all the dogs, which were the subject of this
survey, are infested by ticks during the period between March and August in different areas of the northeastern of Algeria.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the predominant tick species. It has been observed with a frequency of 88 % in the area of ElTarf, 100 % in Souk-Ahras, 95 % in the Tébessa region and 72 % in Guelma, (average of 89 %). Climatic conditions seem to
play the essential role for this distribution of ticks. The other tick species collected are: Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus
turanicus, Haemaphysalis punctata and Hyalomma anatolicum. The latter were present with very low a proportion, which
gives them the appearance of accidental parasitism in dogs. Rhipicephalus sanguineus has significant infestation intensity in
spring and summer, peaking in August in the semi-arid region (Souk-Ahras). In humid regions (El-Tarf), the peak of
infestation recorded by this arthropod is in April. The second aspect of study of the seasonal dynamics of Rhipicephalus
sanguineus shows the seasonal nature (Spring-Summer) of the brown tick of dog.

Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa possesses a variety of the virulence factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity, such as
exotoxin A (toxA) and exoenzyme S (ExoS). The principal aim of this study was to find out the rapid method for identification
of P. aeruginosa and to detect the toxA, exoS and 16SrRNA genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Other aim
on the other hand, the DNA sequencing was performed for phylogenetic tree analysis of 16SrRNA gene in local pathogenic P.
aeruginosa isolates in comparison with NCBI-Genbank global P. aeruginosa isolates and finally submission of the present
isolates in NCBI-Genbank database. According to the detection of the 16S rRNA gene, the study revealed that 29 (58%) and
32 (64%) of P. aeruginosa out of 50 swabs obtained from each wound and burn areas were positive. whereas in addition, the
result of this study showed that the toxA gene was detected in 77% of P. aeruginosa isolated from the wound and 51% of P.
aeruginosa isolated from the burn. whereas, the exoS gene was detected in 69% of P. aeruginosa isolated from the wound and
49% P. aeruginosa isolated from the burn. BLAST analysis showed that the 16S rRNA gene shared more than 99% homology
with the sequences of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that (PAIQw and PA-IQb) the 16S rRNA gene shared higher homology with other four P. aeruginosa isolates available in the
GenBank. The homology of the nucleotides was between 99.9% and 100%.

The present study was aimed to determine the scolicidal effect of stem and root alcoholic extract of Punica granatum L.
(Pomegranate) on the viability and fatty acids content of Ecinococcus granulosus protoscolices. The study elucidate the
scolocidal effect of both stem and root extracts. Its seemed that the scolocidal effect of root extract was higher than that of
stem extract ie. LC50 and LC90 of stem extract were 5 and 9 mg/ml respectively while LC50 and LC90 of root extract were 3
and 8 mg/ml respectively. GLC analysis of E. granulosus protoscolices was stated presence of nine fatty acids esters, which
were Lauric (C12:0); Myrisitic (C14:0); Palmatic (C16:0); Stearic (C18:0); Archidic (C20:0); Behenic (C22:0), which were
saturated fatty acids, and Oleic (C18:1); Linoleic (C18:2); Linolenic (C18:3) which were unsaturated fatty acids. Treating
E.granulosus protoscolices with LC50 of pomegranate stem bark was showing slight and swing effect on fatty acid content,
while treated the protoscolices with LC50 of root bark were resulted in obvious increase in short length fatty acids like Lauric,
Myrisitic and Palmatic in compare with control group. In contrast the long chain fatty acids concentration like Oleic, Linoleic
and Linolenic were decrease

This report was described the observation of five types of congenital anomalies with a Hydramnios Syndrome in prolonged
gestational (6 months) three years old awassi ewe bearing an abnormal fetus for first time, ultrasonography revealed signs of
pregnancy with numerous small cotyledon, high amount of bright turbid fluid (Hyper-genic), with no signs of heart beat and
small abnormal ribs. Vaginal examination indicated that complete closure cervix with pale mucous membrane.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of supplementing different levels of Nigella sativa oil in rations of growing
lambs. In a feeding experiment lasted 90 days, 18 growing Ossimi lambs (6-7 months old) were randomly divided by weight
into three equal groups (6 animals each). Individual animals in all groups were fed a uniform total mixed ration, offered at 3%
of body weight, where the first group was without supplement (R1), while Nigella sativa oil was supplemented at 0.1 (R2) and
0.2% (R3) of dietary DM. Results indicated that additions of N. sativaoil didn’t influenced feed intake, but it increased average
body weight gain and feed efficiency. Nutrients digestibility values and dietary nitrogen utilization were higher with N.
sativaoil rations than control. Ruminal fermentation parameters showed comparable pH values among groups at 0, 3 and 6 hrs.
of feeding. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was lower and TVFA concentration was higher for animal fed R2 and R3 rations
than control. It’s concluded that N. sativa oil could be added at 0.2 % of the daily feed as a natural growth enhancer of lambs.

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in different animals. For
this purpose 120 samples were collected and examined to detect fourteen virulence factors by using biochemical and
molecular methods. The results showed that the highest isolation rate was recorded in doges (29.6%) among studied animals,
and highest isolation rate was recorded in milk samples (26.8%) among the studied samples. The virulence factors were
detected in different ratio, and highest of them were capsule detected in 50% from skin isolates, amylase enzyme detected in
28.5% from milk isolates, hemolysin enzyme detected in 75% from wound isolates, protease detected in 100% from skin
isolates, phospholipase enzyme detected in 56.1% from milk isolates, urease enzyme detected in 50% from skin isolates,
gelatin liquefaction detected in 100% from skin and ear isolates, β -lactamase production detected in 100% from skin and
wound isolates, pigments production detected in 100% from skin and ear isolates, oprI, oprL and exoT detected in 100% from
skin and wound isolates, exoS detected in 100% and 85.7% from skin and milk isolates respectively. We conclude from his
study that the dogs are more sensitive in compare with studied animal, while the milk sample is more susceptible to
contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regarding the virulence factors we noticed that the appearance of it basis on
infection state.

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on thyroid and adrenal gland of
male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thirty six male rats were used and randomly into three groups each of 12 rats, the first
group(G1) kept as at control. The 2nd and 3rd groups (G2 and G3) were administrated orally cdcl2 at doses of 15 and 20
mg/kg.B.W. respectively for 6 weeks. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed, then thyroid and adrenal glands were
removed and processed for light microscope. Light microscopic examination of thyroid gland with (15mg/kg.B.W.) showed
increase in the size of follicles, some of these follicles appeared empty from any colloidal substance and heavily infiltrated by
inflammatory cells, with depletion of parafollicular cells. Vaculated follicles may be clear in other sections, and showed
congested blood vessels, vascularized stroma, hyperplasia of thyrocyte in rats treated with 20 mg/kg.B.w. Results also noted
changes in different regions of adrenal gland related to rats exposure tocdcl2 with 15 mg/kg.B.W., these includes cellular
debris, necrosis of cortical cells, amorphous material in the zona fasciculate and focal necrosis in zona granulosa with
disruption of normal structure and replaced by necrotic cells and inflammatory cells, also obvious adipocytes infiltration which
appeared clear in medulla. Most changes occurred within the adrenal cortex and appeared more severity than that in the
medulla region. Hypereosinophilia, pyknotic nuclei, congested blood vessels, hemorrhage, degeneration and inflammation also
seen in both regions (cortex and medulla) of adrenal gland from rat exposed to cdcl2 at 20 mg/kg.B.W.

Issues of safety are very crucial with biomaterials and medical devices. Sixteen male New Zealand White rabbits equally
into four groups: Group A, rabbits had part of their radial bone (2 cm, mid shaft) and left empty as a control. Group B, rabbits
were implanted with scaffold 5211. Group C, rabbits were implanted with scaffold 5211GTA+Alginate. Group D, rabbits were
implanted with 5211PLA. All scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and 1st
,
2
nd
, 3
rd, 4th and 8th week after implantation. The blood examination included complete hemogram and certain serum
biochemical parameters. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among each treatment group in
comparison with control group (day 0). However, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration, monocyte, plasma protein, inorganic phosphate, sodium, chloride and urea were significantly
increased (P<0.05) among treatment groups at week 8. An abnormal architecture of viscera was observed in all animals, thus
indicating a form of toxicity related to the degrading scaffold materials. The severity of histopathological lesions in viscera
was not coated polymers dependent nor development materials. In conclusion, implantation of 5211 scaffold with or without
coated framework has a significant impact on histopathological and certain hematological and biochemical parameters.

Sutchi Catfish is one of the important fish commodities in Indonesia. Unfortunately, its seasonal spawning pattern causes
limited supply. Cryopreservation is a solution to solve limited supply since it can store the spermatozoa in low temperature so
that physiological, biological and morphological functions still remain. Improving the quality of cryopreservation is important
to increase the success of Sutchi Catfish aquaculture. Adding honey in cryopreservation process is expected to increase the
quality of spermatozoa since it contains with sugars as a source of spermatozoa’s energy. This study tried to compare the
effectivity of honey in cryopreservation process with no addition. The treatments used in this study were T1 (0% honey), T2
(0.2% of honey), T3 (0.4% of honey), T4 (0.6% of honey) and T5 (0.8% of honey). 30 days after stored, the spermatozoa were
checked their motility, viability, abnormality, fertility and hatching rate. This study showed that honey addition could increase
the motility significantly (P<0.01) to 23.14% better than control. The viability increased significantly (P<0.01) to 23.17%
better than control. The abnormality test did not show significant difference between honey addition and control although the
abnormality value in control was the highest (10.75%). The fertilization rate increased significantly (P<0.01) to 28.85% better
than control. The hatching rate increased significantly (P<0.01) to 29.78% better than control. The success of all test indicated
that the addition of honey in cryopreservation process of spermatozoa could be performed on Sutchi Catfish to increase its
production even though the limited spawning pattern.

The study was aimed to improve the productive performance of white laying hens, using two types of medicinal herbs,
including turmeric and Artemisia Herba. In the experiment 63 laying hens (white shevar) were used at an age of 24 weeks,
hens were divided randomly in to three treatment 21 hens pre treatment with 3 replicate of 7 hens per replicate. A standard
ration was used without any addition, which was considered as the control treatment (T1), the basic ration, plus turmeric
powder (0.5%) (T2), while the treatment (T3) represented the basic ration plus Artemisia Herba powder by 0.5%. The study
included the measurements of egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and egg mass. The results
showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) in the characteristics of egg production ratio, feed conversion ratio and egg mass
for the treatment with the addition of Artemisia Herba flower (T3) compared with other treatments, and significant decrease
(P<0.05) in the amount of feed consumed (T2, T3) as compared with the control treatment (T1), while the results did not show
any significant differences to addition of turmeric to the ration (T2) in the productive performance as compared to the control
treatment. It was concluded from that the addition of Artemisia Herba to the ration resulted in a significant improvement in
most of the productive performance of laying hens as compared to other treatments.

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild birds result in huge economic losses due to extreme
morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of the harmful impact of Newcastle disease vaccine
on certain biochemical profiles regarded to chicken liver. This study conducted during January-April 2014, one day old - 53
chicks were divided into two groups; vaccinated (with Newcastle disease vaccine) group at the age of 1, 3, and 7 days and
unvaccinated group. Results show damaging effects of vaccination on the liver glycogen and malondialdehyde concentrations,
serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase, and
aspartate transaminase activities. In contrast, studied parameters look to return to their usual range at the age of 30 days. From
the convincing outcome of our investigation, it can be concluded that Newcastle disease vaccination has a detrimental
influence on the liver of chickens, nonetheless this effect can be overwhelmed by the time.

Frozen semen quality is one of many factors that promote successfully of artificial insemination. Preservation at 5ºC is one
of the steps of semen freezing to obtain high fertility sperm after added with the extender. This study was aimed to determined
the sperm quality (motility, viability, and membrane integrity), MDA level and DNA damage of post-thawed sperm after being
preserved at 5ºC for different duration. Bali cattle bull semen collected by artificial vagina. Macroscopic and microscopic
evaluation of ejaculate was conducted first. Qualified semen was diluted in Tris Aminomethan-Egg yolk and then devided into
two treatment group: preserved at 5ºC for 4 hours (first group) and 22 hours (second group), and continued to processed into
frozen semen, and stored overnight. Pre-freezing and post-thawed of semen analysis was conducted based on SNI: 4869-
1:2017 of The National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. Measurement of levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was
conducted by spectrophotometry at 532 nm wavelength, meanwhile measurement of sperms DNA damage percentage was
performed by Toluidine blue staining. The result of showed that quality of post-thawed sperm (motility, viability, and
membrane integrity) was higher (P<0.05), and MDA level and DNA damage were lower (P<0.05) in preservation at 5°C for 22
hours compared to those of 4 hours. It could be concluded that preservation at 5°C longer (22 hours) means sperm had longer
chance to adapt with the extender, this implies the higher quality and lower lipid peroxidation.

This study investigated the role of vitamin C and Citrus Sinensis peel (sweet orange peel (Sop)) on growth, carcass
characteristics and health status in 160 one day old broiler chickens (Ross308) which were randomly divided into four equal
groups consisting 4 pens. Each pen having 10 birds (5 male and 5 female) for 35 days. All chicks were exposed to heat stress
(330C) during all the experimental period (35 days). Group one considered as control, groups 2, 3, 4 were given feed
containing vitamin C (500ppm/ feed), sweet orange peel (Sop) (1,2 % respectively). Sop 2% significantly increased average
body weight gain and feed intake during the grower period (16-28) (P<0.05). The birds fed Sop 2% during the whole
experimental period had higher FI and greater feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. The mortality rate
tended to be the lowest in the birds fed the feed additives (P<0.05). The relative weight of internal organs, blood profiles
pictures were not affected by Sop with two tested levels (P<0.05) or vitamin C compared with the control group. Broiler fed
vitamin C or Sop levels had greater primary and secondary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and against
phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) antigen compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Sop and vitamin C increased
antibodies titer against Newcastle disease during the secondary antibody response (P<0.05). Overall, Sop as feed additive
improved immune responses in broiler chickens under heat stress. Also the result indicate that the Sop 2 % during the grower
period had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens under heat stress.

Studies had been previously conducted to genetically identify species of ticks in Iraq. Therefore, the current investigational
study was conducted to recognize the species of 50 ticks collected from infested skin of cattle. The current study defined the
ticks to be from Hyalomma genus depending on their morphological features. Using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
subunit  (Cox) gene, 16 ticks were further confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two PCR products were
subjected to DNA sequencing to name the species of the ticks and compare them to some other known ticks in neighbor and
world countries. The sequencing results identified the ticks to be Hyalomma anatolicum. One isolate is closely similar to
Indian and Iranian isolates, and the other isolate is clustered alone by itself. The results indicated that H. anatolicum is one of
the wide-spread ticks that affect cattle in Al Najaf province, Iraq.

The aim of this work is to study lamb births and mortalities in Algerian sheep Ouled Djellal breed distributed in different
zones of Tébessa region, which is divided according to bioclimatic stage, staff in livestock and area agricultural vocation, into
four distinct zones: northern (A, B), middle (C) and southern zone (D). During two years 2015-2016, birth numbers (BN) and
mortality rates (MR) of 355 sheep flocks were recorded using a questionnaire. Concerning BN the total number was 21244
lambs representing a mean 59±31 per flock. No significant differences between the birth means of C and D (75±28 vs 83±30)
were registered. Birth mean was significantly higher (P<0,05) in B (40±17) than A (29±10), when comparison with C and D,
the births of A and B were highly significantly (P<0,001). According to (BN) the studied region were classified into 3 zone
groups: (a) with high lambing rate (C, D); (b) with medium lambing rate (B); (c) with low lambing (A). In regard to mortality
rates, the total rate was 24±6%. The (MR) in A (27±5%) was significantly higher (P<0,05) as compared to other zones (B)
24±4%, (C) 23±7% and (D) 22±4%. However, no significant differences between B, C and D were revealed. According to the
results of (MR) the studied region was classified into two groups: (a) with low MR (C, D), (b) with high MR (A, B). Our result
showed that zones influence the (BN) and (MR) in Tébessa region, and southern zones especially D seems the appropriate to
practice breeding of Ouled Djellal breed.

This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of using platelet– rich plasma (PRP) on wound healing. The study performed on
ten adult male dogs, aged 2-3 years and their weight were 18-25 kg. Under the effect of deep sedation and local subcutaneous
anesthesia at the site of wound, four of (2x2) cm of full-thickness square cutaneous wounds were induced, two on each side of
the lateral thoracic region of each animal. A pair of left wounds was treated by injection with 5 mL of autonomous PRP
(treatment group), 2 mm lateral to the wound edges and in the wound center., immediately after wounding while, right
wounds, were injected with a single dose of 5ml of sterile saline (control group) by using the same procedure as in treatment
group. The clinical and histopathological evaluation of each group for five weeks, histological biopsies were taken in the days
(3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35) of the experiment. The clinical evaluation of PRP treated wounds showed that the wound healing
process (% contraction, % re-epithelization and % total wound healing) were significantly more (P<0.05) than the control
wounds during the five weeks study. The histopathological results revealed that PRP treated wounds have enhanced cellularity,
increased vascularity, with increased amount of granulation tissue accompanied by increase numbers of skin appendages
suggesting enhanced cutaneous regeneration, than those in untreated wounds. Depending on the clinical and histopathological
findings, this study confirms that local implantation of PRP leads to acceleration and improvement cutaneous wound healing.

Low Power Laser Irradiation therapy raises the levels of proliferation for the variety of cells. Although despite very little is
recognized about its effect on the proliferation levels and possible nuclear morphological changes of mice mesenchymal stem
cells, which derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. This study examined the effects of the different fluence of 1, 2, 3
and 4 j/cm² with different dose durations on promoting proliferation, viability and possible nuclear morphological changes of
mice mesenchymal stem cells. The growth curves have been used to analyse the proliferation of all the applications.
Fluorescent stain (DAPI) (4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining used to check the nuclear alterations at 72 hours, while the
trypan blue assay used to test the cell viability. Mesenchymal stem cells that derived from bone marrow responded to LPLI in
a dose-dependent manner. The higher cell growth determined once the cells irradiated with a fluence of 4 j/cm², especially
after 24 hours (P<0. 01). Whereas adipose tissue-derived stem cells responded better to a fluence of 2 j/cm² after 48 hours
(P<0. 05). There was no significant change in nuclear alterations and in cell viability detected in the studied groups. LPLI
permits a significant increase in the proliferation of stem cells, without causing nuclear alterations, therefore, increasing the
number of differentiating cells for tissue engineering, regenerative, and healing processes.

Thirty herds comprising four hundred and fifty camels (Camelus dromedarius ) ranging from 5 months to 17 years of age
were subjected to external examination of ectoparasites (ticks, mange mites and flies) during November 2010 to July 2011 at
Cholistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. An overall prevalence of Ectoparasites was 55.55%. Ticks were the most frequent
ectoparasites harboring on dromedaries. The ticks in order of their infestations were; Rhipicephalus spp (28.95%) Hyalomma
dromedarii (26.48%), Dermacentor spp (18.29%) H. anatolicum (12.47%), H. marginatum (6.69%), Ornithodoros spp.
(4.89%) and Amblyomma variegatum (2.20%). The Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli (42.22%) was identified as most dominant
mange mite. 40.88% camels were infested with two species of dipterans i.e.; Chrysomyia spp. (10%) and Wohlfahrtia
magnifica (16.67%) which are most frequently causing preputial and vaginal myiasis. Cephalopina titilator fly (1.11%) was
found to cause camel nasal myiasis. The district wise prevalence was as Rahim Yar Khan (60.87%), followed by
Bahawalnagar (49.75%) and Bahawalpur (41.05%). The tick load per animal was higher during summer especially in July
(64.52%) followed by the lowest ticks load during December (25.58%).The infestation of ectoparasites was higher (69.53%) in
camels ranging the age from 5-7 year however the lowest infestation (23.08%) was noted in camels less than one year of age.

To detect Anaplasma marginale among carrier cattle by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, 64 blood
samples, from healthy cows in abattoir of Al-Nasiriyah city were collected from June till August, 2017 in this study. By
targeting MAR1bB2 gene with the molecular weight of approximately 265 bp, Anaplasma marginale were detected in18
samples (28.125%). One of these positive sample was recoded in National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI; Gene
Bank.

Diazinon (DZN) is a commonly used Organophosphorus (OP) pesticide to control a variety of insects in agriculture and in
the environment. The aim of this project is to study the effects of organophospherous pesticide (Diazinon) on histological and
histochemical of kidney in male rabbit. The present study is based upon observations made on 24 male Baladi rabbits, which
was divided into: 3 groups: Eight animals each, the whole body of the rabbit was dipped in 10 liters of the diazinon solution,
while sparing the head for 10 seconds. Group one (control group) was dipped in water only. Animals of Group 2; were dipped
in diazinon solution dipped every 2 days for 4 weeks, and Group 3 were dipped in diazinon solution every 7days for two
months. Decreased in body weight was noticed in group 2 and group 3 may be due to increases in the exposed doses and
increased accumulation of DZN in the blood of the exposure animals. Histological changes in group 2 and 3 are similar, renal
tubules were severely damaged with cytoplasmic vacuolation and atrophy of some glomeruli. Blood capillaries in between the
degenerated tubules were congested; the urine spaces are widening, and fibrosis inters tubules in group 3 only. Exposure of
animals to diazinon caused extensive changes in histopathologicaly as well as histochemicaly in the kidney of group 2 and
group 3. But very marked changes in group 3.

stract
The current study included the possibility using fluorescent Acridine orange stain in the diagnosis of Babesia spp in cattle
in Mosul city/Iraq, this dye is easily applied and takes no more than 2-5 minutes in the diagnosis of Babesia spp using of
fluorescent microscope versus 45 minutes of Giemsa stain by using light microscope. The benefit of Acridine orange stain is in
its uses in epidemiological and survey studies and for the control programs against Babesiosis but it is considered to be of little
value in study of morphological features of small blood protozoa with low parasitemia comparing with the golden Giemsa
stain in the study of morphological and specifications of Babesia spp.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative effect of xylazine alone or as a combination with chloropromazine, and
to check the possibility to induce analgesia by the use of sedative (sub analgesic) doses of this combination in chicks. The
analgesic ED50 of xylazine (S.C.) and chloropromazine (I.P.) was 0.9756 and 8.598 mg /kg respectively. Depending on
Isopolographic analysis, the drug interaction between xylazine and chloropromazine at ratios of 1:1, 0.5:1 and 0.5:0.5 of the
analgesic ED50 of xylazine and the sedative ED50 of chloropromazine was synergistic interaction. The injection of sedative
(non – analgesic) doses of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.) and chloropromazine (4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) together
induced deep sedation with excellent analgesia in 100% of the animals in comparison with each drug alone at the same doses.
There were no significant differences in glucose levels between the group of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.), a group
of chloropromazine (4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) or group of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight, S.C.) and chloropromazine
(4.3 mg/kg body weight, I.P.) together compared with the control group. Therefore, the combination sedative doses of xylazine
and chloropromazine (low doses) can be considered as an ideal mixture for good analgesia in chicks.

This study was conducted in research department of animal resource / Al-Rashidiya, by using 21 of Awassi ewes in the
last two months of gestation, ewes were divided according to their body weight, age and milk production during the previous
season into three groups, daily feed intake in all groups was restricted with 1.5 kg / ewe on rations consist of barley, wheat
bran, soybean meal, urea and straw. the first group was fed on ration contained barley untreated with formaldehyde (T1), while
barley grain treated with formaldehyde in the ration of second group (T2), the third group fed on formaldehyde treated barley in late gestation and switch directly after lambing to the untreated barley (T3). Results indicated that differences was nonsignificant in colostrum yield 138±16.41, 163±19.26 and 127±19.43 g/ hr and in its components, milk yield was increased
(P<0.05) in T2 1411±99.04 g/ day as compared with T1 and T2 1080±77.02 and 940±34.54 g/ day respectively, while no
significant differences was noted in milk composition. Efficiency of protein and energy intake for milk production
significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 which were 26.42±2.01 and 42.24±3.55% compared to T1 (20.56±1.59 and 34.31±2.99%)
and only in energy efficiency as compared with T3 which were (17.70±0.78 and 30.62±1.34%). Result of blood parameters
after four week postpartum was indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in cholesterol concentration in T1 69.60±4.85 mg/ dl
compared to T2 and T3 56.55±3.67 and 54.73±3.99 mg/ dl, blood creatinine concentration decreased (P<0.05) in T3 5.03±0.53
mg/ dl as compared to T1 and T2 which were 9.60±0.77 and 9.35±0.53 mg/ dl respectively. In conclusion, reducing barley
grain degradability improve feed efficiency and ewes performance, while the directly change of the feeding after lambing from
low degraded barley to the normal barley grain had a negative effect in performance.

Nasal swabs were obtained from 28 adult sheep attended to teaching hospital belong to the College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Mosul, which showed rhinitis with serous or mucopurulent nasal discharge. Smears were made on
clean glass slides, stained with giemsa and examined by oil immersed lens for cellular assessment. Cells have been counted,
percentages and averages then calculated for each type of cells, a statistical comparison of average values have been made
between samples of the two types of nasal discharges to identify the significant differences using one way analysis of variance
and Dunkan tests at P≤ 0.05. The results showed presence of epithelial cells lining nasal cavity, neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and red blood cells at percentages 29.63%, 14.42%, 13.83%, 0.29%, 14.58%, 5.79% and
20.23% respectively at serous nasal discharge samples and at percentages 30.02%, 26.65%, 1.96%, 0.54%, 17.58%, 6.21% and
16.84% respectively at mucopurulent nasal discharge samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in
percentage ratio of neutrophils at mucopurulent exudate than serous exudate. We concluded from the current study that most
cases of rhinitis examined in sheep had an infectious nature rather than allergic.

The present research was designed to study the effect zinc sulphate (15 mg/kg/orally) and cadmium chloride (25 mg/L)
with drinking water on the level of Heat shock protein 70 , testosterone and luteinizing hormone in adult male rabbits for six
weeks. Twenty adult male rabbits randomly divided to four groups of five males per group: control group, the cadmium
chloride group, the zinc sulphate with cadmium chloride together group and zinc sulphate group alone. Blood samples were
withdrawn every two weeks of experiment. To investigate Heat shock protein 70, testosterone and luteinizing hormone by
using ELISA technique. The result show that treatment of male rabbits with cadmium chloride resulted in a significant increase
in HSP70 in 6th week, accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone 2nd, 3rd, 6th
week compared to control group, supplement with zinc sulphate and cadmium chloride together resulted in a significant
decrease in HSP70 in 6th week with a significant increase in testosterone and luteinizing hormone in 2nd, 4th and 6th, week
compared to the cadmium chloride group. The treatment with zinc sulphate alone caused a significant decrease in HSP70 in 6th week and significant increase in the level of testosterone in 2nd, 4th, and 6th week and luteinizing hormone in 6th week compared
with cadmium chloride group. We concluded that has an effect on the level of Heat shock protein and male sex hormones and
that giving zinc with cadmium together reduced the effects of cadmium as well as zinc supplementation improve the negative
effect on the level of sex hormone in adult male rabbits.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of manganese chloride in drinking water at 1 g/L on the plasma and brain
chicks AChE activity in vivo and in vitro. At 14-day-old manganese caused significant decrease in the acetycholinestrase
activity in the brain of chicks about 36%. While there was no significant inhibition in plasma AChE. Dichlorvos at 7 mg/kg,
orally significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity. Dichlorvos at 0.5 and 1 µl significantly inhibited plasma and
brain cholinesterase activity in vitro, while manganese not affected on the cholinesterase activity in vitro. manganese with
dichlorvos caused decrease in ration of AchE inhibited at 7 days old in brain and plasma AChE to 59% and 69% respectively,
while increased in the ratio of inhibition at 14 days old in brain and plasma AChE activity of chicks to 64% and 91%
respectively. The results suggested that manganese chloride caused decrease inhibition of AChE activity in brain of chicks
manganese with dichlorvos causes decrease in the inhibited ratio of plasma and brain at 7 days old while causes increased the
ratio of inhibition at 14 days old.

The current study included examination of 1525 buffaloes from (11) districts in Mosul city for detection of lice and ticks.
Results showed that the total percentage of lice infestation was 48.63%, particularly blood sucking lice Haematopinus
tuberculatus. Buffaloes reared in Al-Shalalate and Al-Kabate showed 100% lice infestation, sucking lice H. tuberculatus was
diagnosed by thorax plate which was rectangular with the presence of anterior process on each side. The length of male was
3.5-4 mm while the length of female was 4.5-5 mm. Total tick infestation was 49.1%, with a heights percentage of 80% was
noticed in Al-Kabat. Three species of hard ticks were identified, namely Hyalomma anatolicum, Boophilus annulatus and
Rhipicephalus sanguineus. H. anatolicum was diagnosed by the following characteristics: half circular capitulum; chilecera
consist of 3 long pieces, bifurcated first coxa, breathing plate is comma shape, festoon is present with the presence of 2 sub
anal plates project out of the body. In R. sanguineus, the capitulum is six angled with short mouth parts. The first coxa was
bifurcated with presence of festoon. Breathing plate was comma shape. In B. annulatus the capitulim was six angled with short
mouth parts. The first coxa was triangular in shape with short legs and absence of festoon while the breathing plate was oval or
rounded in shape.