Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The study was planned to show the prevalence of Cryotosporidium spp. in
caves and water sources in Salahaddin governorate. The study included 137 faecal
samples of calves in the villages and indoor husbandry from Al-Ishaky private farm,
87 males and 50 females for period from beginning ofJuly 2000 to end ofApril 2001.
The age of calves was ranging from one month to one year. Water samples were
collected from tap water, panel of Tikrit city, pond water of rain, river water and
sewage water. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts was done by modified ZiehlNeelsen and Carbol Fuccin Dimethyl Sulfoxide Methods, Direct Immunofluorescent
Test was also used in water samples. The rate of infection in calves was (37.95%); in
males (40 2%) being higher than females (34%). The distribution of infection was
highest arnong calves below one month (43.2%) of age. The highest rate of
Cryptosporidium was in summer (50%) and the lowest was in winter (18.5%).
The nuraber of oocysts per liter of filtrated tap water was (0.2 oocysts/ liter), which
was lower than infiltrated water of Tikrit planet (3 oocysts/ liter), pond water (20
oocysts/liter), river water (6 oocysts/ liter) and farm water (40 oocysts/ liter). In
sewage wa er, occyst was isolated only in one sample (0.1 oocyst/ liter). There was a
strong corre latior between turbidity of water samples and number of oocysts detected;
as water sarnples with highest turbidity contained greatest number of oocysts.
Key words: Crypiosporidium, calves, water.

Two nundred and twenty six broilers feed commodities were collected from
different broiler flocks in Ninevah governorate (Iraq), through the period from January
2004 to December 2005. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method was used for T-2
toxin estimation. Results showed that, 81.5% of the total examined feed samples were
positive to T-2 toxin contamination. Individually these percentages were as follows; 95%
ror wheat; 87% for corn; 85% for soybean; 74% for barley; and 70% for mixed feed. The
range for T-2 contamination was between 8-1200 ppb. Most of the samples (58.4%) had
low T-2 toxia natural contamination levels. Thirty two percent of positive samples had
medium contamination level, while only 18.6% experienced high natural contamination
levels with T 2 toxin.

Tnis study has been administered to broilers which were given vaccine prepared form
sporulated cocy st of E. tenella that attenuated by X-ray (10, 15, 20) K rad, in its 1" day with
dose 1<10 oocyt /bird orally. Levamisole was used as an immunostimualant with 15mg/kgbody weight during 4 days after the vaccination. The broilers were divided into 8 groups they
vore watched luring the 1_2d weeks after vaccination, as well as clinical signs, mortality
rate 5-8 day post vaccination and oocyst detection was performed too, blood picture was
2so perfonnen, Parked cell volume (PCV) and Differential count (DLC). Challenging of
mmunized group and 7th group in 22 days was done using the 6×10 oocyst/bird The results
beither showed any clinical signs and mortality rate for the 1st, 24, 3 and 4th, groups in
spite of noticing oocyst in their excrement, mean while the 5 and 6th groups showed mild linical signs. and blood picture variations between immunized and the control group were notioed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and to diagnose the
species of lice infesting goats from march 2005 until march 2006 in different areas
and farms in Mosul. A total of 450 native goats were examined to determine the
severity of infestation during the study period. The result revealed that 14.2% of the
examined goats harboured lice or their eggs (nits). Among the infested animals it was
reported that 17% were considered as light, 38% moderate and 45% heavy degree of
infestation respectively. It was found that the sucking lice Linogncahus stenopsis was
more pred oxminating than the biting one Bovicola caprae Damalina caprge). It was
observed that the highest degree of infestation was in Winter. Mixed infestation was
noticed. The clinical signs observed on the infested goats were; itching, emaciation,
pale mucoss membrane, restless and decrease milk production, hair loss or matted and
rouga hair:ut.

The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on Newcastle disease virus (virulent and
vaecinial strains) was studied. Results showed decrease the titer of virulent strain
about 1.5 Log 10 and 1.2 Log 10 at 254 and 366 nm respectively such effect was
less on vacc nial strain. Haemagglutination (HA) activity of the same viruses was
also studied and showed that HA titer of virulent NDV was decreased 1Log2 when
treated at 254 nm and 366 nm, but vaccinial NDV was not affected at 366 nm. The
effect of ultrasound on viability of same viruses showed that the titer of virulent
NDV was decreased 2.5 Log 10 and 3.5 Log 10 when treated with ultrasound at the
frecuency 14 Amplitude (AM) and 22 (AM) respectively but the vaccinial NDV
was less affected. Both viruses were lost their HA activity completely at 22 (AМ)
for one minate.

The aim of this study was to diagnose the etiologic agents of egg peritonitis Sixty one chicks affected with egg peritonitis were examined
clinically, pathologically, microbiologically and serologically. The results
showed swelling of abdomen redding of skin, and abduction of legs. Necropsy
showed peritonitis with presence of blood stained or caseated material.
The results of serology (ELISA) was negative for infectious bronchitis,
Mycoplas na, Influenza and egg drop syndrome.
The mierobiological examination revealed the presence of Proteus
vlgaris (3 cases) (4.91%), Staphylococcus aureus (9 cases) (14.75%),
Escherickia coli (48 cases) (78.68%) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (one case) (1.63%).The results ofsensitivity test has been discussed.

Monovalent and Bivalent formalin inactivated vaccine was prepared using two
different in pathogenecity local isolates of adeno virus serotype 4 which causing
hydr: pericardium hepatitis syndrome in chicken The efficacy evaluation was carried
out b S/C injection ofprepared vaccine in 10 days old chickens. Antibodies titer was
calcu ated after I and 2 weeks post injection, challenge test after two weeks of
inject on was performed by the virulent isolates separately and compared with
mporied monovalent vaccine as positive control. Results showed that the bivalent
repa red vaccine was more efficient than monovalent and imported vaccine.

The aim of this study was isolation of the inclusion body hepatitis virus (IBH)
from infected commercial layer hens in Ninevah governorate and identification the
patl.ological effects ofthis virus. The natural infection of IBH revealed pathognomic
basophilic and cosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nuclei of many
hepatocytes of infected chickens. Haemagglutination test of the allantoic fluid show
titer 3Log? of the isolated virus after one passage in the chicken embryos with 1%
rats washed RBCs. The experimental infection is done by injection of layers and
breeders at 20 weeks age by liver homogenate from infected chickens and revealed
the same athognomic gross and histopathological lesions

Pathogencity of eighteen local viral isolates of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome
(EHHS) it broiler were studied in 1 & 21 days old age chickens using intraperitoneum
injection and crai administration According to macroscopic and histopathological changes.
four isol tes were found to be highly pathogenic in inducing pathognomic lesions of HHS
than othe s which were characterized as moderate pathogenic isolates.
The resuits showed that VP injection of 21days old chicken lead to histopathological changes
in affected organs clearer than other routes of inoculations.

Tre immunosuppressive effect of affatoxin (AF) on the antibody titer level of broiler
chicks vaccinated against hydro pericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) virus was studied.
Four grows of chicks were used. The first group was vaccinated with HHS vaccine only; the
2h group was fed AF contaminated diet and vaccinated with HHS vaccine, the 3 group fed
A contaminated diet and kept with HHS vaccination; the 4th group was not treated with AF
or HHS vaccination and left as a negative control group. The results showed that there was a
sicnificantly h gher antibody titer HHS vaccine in the 1" group compared with the 2 group.
The challenge test with Adenovirus showed 100% protection in chicks of the 1" group
compared with 80% in chicks of the second group.

Through the examination of 78 fecal sample of sheep and 52 fecal sample of
cartle collected from different region in Ninevah governorate, the percentage of
infection w th schistosoma eggs in sheep and cattle were 7.69%, 19.23 respectively
with signiticant differences between sheep and cattle, two types of eggs of
schistosom had been identified in sheep they were: S. bovis and S. indicum (first
record) wh le in cattle S. bovis, S. indicum and S.intercalatum (first record) were
diagnosed. Infection with S. bovis formed highest percentage in sheep and cattle
83.3%, 70% respectively. The results revealed significant differences between type of
infection ir sheep with significant difference between the type of infection in cattle,
anc the single infection formed highest percentage in sheep and cattle 83.33%, 70%
respectivel. The percentage of infection appeared with high rate in sheep and cattle
with aged more than 3 years 9.8%, 40% respectively with significant difference
between groups of age in cattle. No significant difference appeared between males
and females of sheep and cattle.
The worms of S. bovis were diagnosed in portal hepatic and mesenteric
veins of sheep in Akra area (first record) and a number of sheep in this area were died.

This study was included the detection ofthe infection with Sarcocystis gigantean
in sheep, the mature cystic stages was appeared oval or cylindrical shaped with a
diameter of 7.8 x 2.8 mm and 1.5 µm thick striped cyst wall. The total rate of
in fection with the macroscopic type in sheep oesophagus reached 94.8%.
Isolation and precipitation of crude protein extracted from macrosarcocysts of
8 gigantea was performed using saturated ammonium sulphate solution. Fractions of
this protein (a and b) were isolated by employing Gel Filtration Technique on
Sephadex G-50. The molecular weight of these proteins fractions were determined as
asout 63095 and 27410 dalton respectively using (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis
technique.
The toxic effect of b protein fraction was studied in rats peritoneal injection at
concentrstion 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg /kg body weight. These animals experienced acute
toxicological rervous signs including tremors, complete and partial paralysis. The
highest cose (0.5 mg/kg) of b fraction was the most toxic among the injected
concentre tions Blood picture in injected rats revealed a significant reduction in
hemoglobin and packed cell volume and increase in total leukocyte count. Significant
increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes
was observed. There was also a significant inhibition in the brain cholinesterase
sctivity in the treated rats.

A Total of 180 day old male Cobb broiler chicks were raised, from day old until
42 day of age to investigate the effect of adding graded levels of methionine (0.10,
0.15 anc 0.20%) in comparison with basal diet on broiler body weight, uniformity
and the relationship between economical traits and economical efficiency. The birds
YE
were equally distributed into four groups, with 45 birds each, and were allocated in
three replications. The highest body weight was found in chick's group that consumed
ration consist in (0.15%) methionine at various ages. This treatment showed similar
results for body weight uniformity and relative growth rate, in comparison with the
otfer treaunent groups. Feed conversion was significantly altered due to effect of
methionine supplementation at (0.15, 0.20 %) levels vs. first treatment. Feed intake
and livabil ty were not affected by any level of methionine supplementation.
Economical efficiency of the third group was the best when compared with others.
Regressior and simple correlation analyses revealed that third treatment showed that
relationships among the performance traits were the best at 42 days of age

This study investigated the role of urinary catheterization in causing urinary
tract infection in dogs during experimental surgical procedure in addition to isolation
and identification of micro-organisms which causes urinary tract infections (UTI).
Eighteen dogs from both sexes aged from (9 month -3.5 years) were used in
this study. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 6 dogs.
During the surgical operation the dogs were catheterized and urine samples collected
under aseptic condition. The urine samples were subjected to various tests; physical,
microscopical examinations and bacterial cultivation on various differential media to
identify he pathogenic micro-organism.
The results showed that crystals of calcium oxalate (14.2%) and triple phosphate
in (7.1%) was precipitated in the urine of dogs that applied laparoscopic cystotomy at
which the cystotomy wounds was closed by titanium clips. Also the results showed
that E. coli was the most frequent bacteria (28.5%) while other bacteria
(Streptococcus spp., Staphylocoocus epidermidis and Corynebacterium spp. was the
least frecuent (7.1%). Also the results revealed that the chance of UTI increased with
prolonged catherization.

The study included isolation and diagnosis of causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection of sheep slaughter in slaughter house in Mosul.
(66) samples ofurine collected from urinary bladder directly by sterile syringe
from cinically healthy sheep (one animal suffered from dysuria) from both sex of
cifferent ages, followed by antibiotic sensitivity test for isolated bacteria. Urine was
examined physiologically and chemically in a percentage of (5-10%) for the presence
of pus, red tlood cells, epithelial cells In addition of protein, sugar were determined
and considered as a primary indicator for urinary tract infection.
Results revealed (34) isolate (51.5%) isolated from (66) samples of urine. The
results alsc showed that Gram positive bacteria were dominants (except
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium renale) than Gram negative cacteria. Corynebacterium ovis with Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest
percentage (20.58%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (14.7%) then Gram negative
bacter a E coli give (11.7%). Pseudomonas spp. (8.8%) and Proteus (2.24%) also isolated Condida albicans in (5.8%).
he results of antibiotic sensitivity of isolated microorganism indicated that
Ciprotoxacin and Gentamycin was the most effective while Pencilline and
Nitrofaration had no effect.

This study included the isolation and diagnosis of Prototheca microorganism from
milk samples of 80 Cows with clinical and sub clinical mastitis from different areas in Mosul
cisy, fror October 2006 to May 2007. Prototheca were identified using morphological,
cultural and biochemical characteristics. The study showed that 16 samples (20%) were
positive t: Prototheca from total count included 14 (17.5%) P. zopfii and two isolates (2.5%)
P. stognora. The study shows the ability of this microorganism to produce some virulence
factors such as: Urease, Esterase, Lecithinase and Lipase. Results of antibiotic sensitivity test
indicated that all isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin, Neomycin,
Streptomycin and Tetracycline, while they showed different percentages of sensitivity to
Gentamycin, Polymyxin B and Nystatin.

Tais study was conducted on 50 cattle affected with inflammation of the trinary tact. Urine samples were collected from cattie that showed several lesions following their slaughter. Forty two bacterial isolates were found with a percent of
isclation of 81% Escherichia coli constituted 42% of the isolates, followed by
Actinobacier lwoffii and Aeromonas hydrophila (12% for each), Arcanobacterium
pyogenes snd Kiebsiella pneumoniae (6% for each), and Lactobacillus spp. (2%).
Results of the sensitivity test showed that the isolated bacteria were sensitive
to chloramphenicol and highly resistance to penicillin G. The isolates showed variable
sensitivity to the other antibiotics.

Thirt local breed cattle, 2-5 years old naturally infected with Anaplasma
marginale were used in this study. The animals were divided randomly into three
equal groups (10 animals each), first group was treated with Imidocarb dipropionate,
intramuscular at a dose rate of 3.5 mg/kg B.W. Second group treated with
oxytetracycl.ne L.A. 20%, intramuscular at a dose rate 20 mg/kg B.W. Third group
treated with diminazine aceturate, intramuscular at a dose rate of 3.5 mg/kg B.W. All
medications repeaced after 48 hours. Clinical signs, hematological changes, percentage
of parasitem a and some changes of biochemical values pre and post treatment used for
evaluation of therapeutic efficacy against natural infection with bovine anaplasmosis.
Resu ts indicated that Imidocarb dipropionate at a dose rate of 3.5 mg/kg B.W.,
intramusculer, repeated after 48 hours is more effective in the treatment of bovine
anaplasmosis in comparasion with Oxytetracycline L.A. 20% and Diminazine
acet urate.