Journal of Techniques

In the medical field, advanced techniques such as e-health, intelligent health, and telemedicine apps are being deployed. These approaches use open-source networks to send digital medical images. Patients’ private and sensitive diagnosis is contained in the digital medical image. Then sent the digital medical images are used for diagnosis by the remote center. For this reason, protecting patient privacy and the integrity of medical images is of paramount importance. DNA Digital coding is the most popular form of cryptographic technology, and it is frequently employed to strengthen information security, and the most prevalent constraints of DNA cryptographic schemes feature a high degree of temporal and algor. If DNA is employed appropriately, it can be used to achieve a number of security technologies, including encryption, steganography, signature, and authentication through the use of DNA molecules as information carriers. In this paper, a survey on the digital medical image was done. This survey contains the methods of encryption, and decryption of the image which is based on DNA with all the related methods and makes the comparison between the previous papers and explain which is the best to use.

By combining the functions of many FACTS (flexible alternative current transmission systems) devices into a single unit, the UPFC (unified power flow controller) is the most efficient FACTS device available. Two voltage converters work together to form the Unified Power Flow Controller, a flexible tool for enhancing voltage regulation, power flow management, and power system stability. Both converters rely heavily on their control methods. This article discusses the power flow mechanism in a transmission line, which is necessary for understanding the functioning of UPFC in a transmission line and using a standard PI controller with voltage references in the control circuit of both converters. This study aims to enhance the power system's dependability and stability by developing a smart support-based UPFC device. Fuzzy logic is a useful tool for controlling UPFC equipment in a variety of failure scenarios. The fuzzy logic controller contrasts power grid characteristics such as a rotor speed deviation to a reference value to create operational pulses for the voltage source converter in the UPFC system. The suggested model will be tested using MATLAB simulation. The success of the proposed model is shown by thoroughly comparing simulation results to those of previously established models. This research paper's original contribution is the creation of a smart support-based UPFC device with fuzzy logic control. By comparing power system parameters such as rotor speed deviation to a reference value and generating operational pulses for the voltage source converter in the UPFC system, this technique increases the electricity grid's dependability and stability. The effectiveness of the suggested model is proved by a comparison of simulation results obtained in a MATLAB environment with those obtained from previously developed models.

The emergence and spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) poses a new public health threat to the entire world (SARS-CoV-2). This new virus is highly contagious and pathogenetically different from other mainstream respiratory viruses. Clinical staff can benefit from Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) systems that combine deep learning algorithms and image processing technologies as diagnostic tools for COVID-19. These tools also help to better understand the course of the disease. In most cases, medical staff and healthcare facilities would be more equipped to promptly diagnose COVID-19 for patients with improved flexibility. To examine the training performance of the contemporary YOLOv4 model, this work presents the development of a computer-assisted automatic detection system that focuses specifically on identifying viral cells in blood samples from patients using electron microscopy images to detect the infected blood cell. The mean average precision of the proposed custom model is 86.5%mAP, making it suitable for the upcoming COVID-19 monitoring systems.

Macromixing and drug control are becoming more essential in a wide range of chemical and biological applications. The efficacy of microfluidic macromixing devices, which are particularly beneficial to give an exact quantity of material at specified times, is greatly influenced by the infusion pump. The construction of a low-cost functional prototype of an infusion pump in the management of delivery rates that are variable and low in particular quantities is proposed in this study. The infusion pump may be seen working at various flow rates, proving that the device may be utilized to control the volume and rate of flow of chemical fluids in medical settings, in addition to microfluidic mixing investigations in specific and scientific studies, In general, the biomedical field.

In the modern lifestyle, an increase in psychological pressures was observed, leading to an increase in various diseases, which increased the need for diagnosis and treatment, (i.e., increased demand for) equipment to monitor vital activities, Therefore, a microstrip patch antenna was suggested as the topic of this article because it is popular in wireless systems due to its low cost, lightweight, and thin profile. The proposed design is made of FR-4 as a substrate material, and copper for the patch and the ground. The reader can notice that our proposed antenna owns the following resonance frequencies: (3.68), (6.48), and (7.93) GHz respectively. The gain values for the previous resonance frequencies were respectively (27) dBi, (11.1) dBi, and (4.19) dBi, while the values of directivity were (32.17) dBi, (15.70) dBi, and (7.984) dBi. The radiation efficiency values were (-5.179) dB, (-4.561) dB, and (-3.789) dB, while the values of the total efficiency were (-5.207) dB, (-4.631) dB, and (-3.799) dB The operating bandwidths were: (0.1146) GHz, (0.2764) GHz, and (0.3641) GHz. The design was simulated with CST software.

The study examines the effectiveness of two rows of hybrid film cooling holes over a plate surface using infrared technology and a thermal wind tunnel. The two rows consist of seventeen coolant injection holes, with nine in the first row and eight in the second row. Two cases were studied: case 1 using cylindrical holes and case 2 using hybrid holes. Both cases had the same cross-sectional area with a hydraulic diameter of 5.3 mm and a forward coolant injection angle of 30° in the streamwise direction. Different blowing ratios (mass flows ratio between the coolant and mainstream) were tested at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. The study focuses on evaluating the impact of hole shape with various blowing ratios on film cooling effectiveness. In addition, thermal images of the test surface were taken via an infrared camera after reaching a steady state. The results indicated that at a blowing ratio of 0.5, there was a significant enhancement in film efficacy, with a decrease in the test surface temperature of the cylinder and hybrid hole cases by 31.8% and 35.0%, respectively, when compared to a blowing ratio of 1.0 and 1.5, which had a temperature increase. Therefore, the film cooling effectiveness decreased to 30.9% and 32.4%, and 29.5% and 31.7% for the cylinder and hybrid hole cases, respectively. Additionally, the better overall film cooling effectiveness in this study was achieved by the configuration of the hybrid holes at a blowing ratio of 0.5, which resulted in a film cooling effectiveness of 35.0%.

The Internet of Things (IoT) also has a huge impact on dramatically lowering healthcare expenses and increasing treatment outcomes. The only ways that patients could communicate with doctors before the Internet of Things were in person, over the phone, or via text. There was no feasible way for healthcare providers to assess patients’ health and offer advice continuously. IoT-enabled technological equipment has made remote monitoring possible in the healthcare industry, opening opportunities to keep patients safe and healthy and empowering medical professionals to provide the best treatment possible. This review provides a comprehensive study of the literature on IoT’s impact (negative or positive) on healthcare delivery and why it is difficult to implement despite its enormous benefits. Search engines (journal publishing databases) like Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were used to find studies on the impact of IoT-based healthcare delivery. Data were extracted from papers found, and the quality of studies that qualified for inclusion and exclusion was assessed and reported. It includes the proposed technologies’ validation as well as their clinical effectiveness. The review found that the lack of government commitment to financing IoT projects is a challenge to its implementation in healthcare delivery since it involves huge capital at the beginning and its maintenance. In addition, some medical professionals are still acquainted with the old-fashioned (manual) ways of delivering their services, hence avoiding the technological approach. Despite the challenges, one noted the positive effect of IoT in healthcare delivery is that doctor-patient interactions have gotten simpler and more effective; it has also raised patient participation and satisfaction. Furthermore, remote patient monitoring shortens hospital stays and avoids readmissions by monitoring patients’ health.

The construction industry is considered a high-risk business. Risk management is one of the most influential methods used in construction project management to increase the chances of delivering the project successfully, Risk Assessment (RA) is necessary to help organizations identify and mitigate risks; therefore, this paper suggests a framework for developing an intelligent RA. There are many Risk Factors (RF) that affect construction projects, and they vary from one country to another. In this paper, a questionnaire of forty-one questions about RF was performed; its evaluation criteria are risk probability and its impact on cost, time, and quality, this questionnaire relied on several experts’ opinions to identify the most common RF affecting Iraqi construction projects. The collected linguistic data were converted into a triangular fuzzy number. Qualitative Risk Analysis was performed to assess the priority of the identified risks; while the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was proposed as the intelligent model. The training outcome produced three Fuzzy Inference Systems (FISs) models evaluated using the fuzzy designer application and tested using the fuzzy designer app and MATLAB Simulink to evaluate their accuracy and reliability. Finally, a set of corrective actions were suggested to facilitate the task for users.

The present paper assesses the hydrochemistry of groundwater in AL JALLAM desert and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation. Nine groundwater samples were taken, and they were analyzed for major ions to determine the Piper diagram and Gibbs plot. The results showed that the evaporation process is the primary control of the water quality in the study area. Water Quality Index (WQI) method was utilized to assess the suitability of water for human consumption, whereas different geochemical parameters were used to evaluate the irrigation suitability. Generally, the groundwater in the study area is not suitable for drinking and irrigation. Based on cluster analysis (CA), it was found that two level of pollution levels in the AL JALLAM deser

As the global population and economy grow rapidly, the demand for accessible freshwater sources also increases to meet the rising consumption. However, this has resulted in several challenges, such as the global water crisis, drought, and scarcity of freshwater resources. To address this issue, many farmers worldwide rely on traditional irrigation systems despite their high water consumption. Therefore, there is a need to improve water usage efficacy in irrigated farming. This can be achieved by leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced control technologies for better monitoring and managing irrigated farming. This article presents the findings of a comprehensive literature review on irrigation monitoring and sophisticated control systems, focusing on recent studies published within the last four years. The latest research on precision irrigation monitoring and cutting-edge control methods is highlighted. This study aims to serve as a valuable resource for those interested in understanding monitoring and advanced control prospects in the context of irrigated agriculture, as well as for academics seeking to stay up-to-date on the latest developments and identify research gaps that need to be addressed.

Sloshing refers to a certain kind of fluid movement that changes as it progresses. It possesses properties that are both nonlinear and exceedingly unpredictable, and these properties affect the tank wall. This effect may lead to structural wear, which in turn can cause the tank to fail. Benzene and gasoil liquids are used to test the effect of sloshing liquid and accompanying pressure on the wall tank caused by the baffles in partially full fluid tanks. To attain this, modeling of the interaction between fluid and structure is justified using the finite element analysis while the ANSYS Fluent is used to do the simulation. Specifically, the analysis enables us to anticipate the pressure that is being exerted on the shield, the influence of sloshing on the grounding point forces, and the size of the sloshing waves. The pressure distribution over time indicates a reduction of pressure on the tank wall as a result of utilising a vertical baffle if compared to the case of a tank wall without a baffle. The usage of vertical shields allows for around 20% of the greatest contact energy to be deflected, which is attributed to the potential of generating turbulence and vortices by the baffle.

Due to the high uncertainty of renewable energy sources, and the diversity of energy sources and storage systems, it is mandatory to seek a controller that manages all these renewable energy sources and this hybrid energy storage. This paper proposed a renewable energy management system using flatness control and PID and PSO technologies that track the maximum power point from the PV array and manages the energy storage elements. Two energy storage are adopted: battery storage and hydrogen tank. The proposed (Nero-fuzzy) controller also works to fill the hydrogen storage tank wisely and safely by controlling the alkaline electrolyzer and the tank's pressure. The main aim of this combined system is to attain power stability. Since the PV is the primary production source, a PSO MPPT is a proposed system for optimum power delivered by the PV under different radiation and temperature conditions. The fuel cell has been used to compensate for the energy lost when there is a lack of control due to weather conditions or high-power demand by the DC load. A battery was coupled to the DC bus to respond quickly to the power requirement. When the radiation intensity is 1000 W/m2, the PV will generate enough 18 kW to supply the load, run the electrolyzer 7 kW, and charge the batteries. While in the radiation change, when it is 240 W/m2, the solar panels produce (4.3 kW) and the load (4.7 kW). The battery works first because of its quick response, and then the fuel cell works to generate instead of it, which is sufficient to operate the load only. The results show a stable and fast response grid under different weather conditions and load scenarios.

Recently, X-ray computed tomography-imaging modality is considered as golden standard for diagnosis of coronavirus lungs infection. In worldwide, infectious patients increase rapidly that lead to weariness in health services staff, as well as instant treatment required to avoid patients’ health deterioration due to infection development. Image processing would be reinforcing health services by considering computer-based segmentation. However, a ground glass computed tomography image fashion of coronavirus lungs infection characterized by disappearance of edge region of interest and lack of object structure. In this study, these challenges addressed by introducing a new algorithm that combined both morphological reconstruction and fast marching method. The proposed algorithm applied on archived computed tomography dataset for coronavirus infected patients, results showed consistent determination of ground glass infection region compared to manual delineation of senior physician. The proposed algorithm restricted to empirical adjustment of FMM’s threshold that would be addressed in upcoming study.

The hydraulic pressure head of the flowing water (between the entrance and exit pipes) in water distribution networks depends on the length and the slope of these pipes, which can represent the head losses for each meter length, where the slope and length of the water supply network pipes are dependent on specified datum ground elevations. This ground elevation may result in a reduction in head losses with hydraulic grade pressure. As a result, the precision of the measured data used to observe ground elevations is critical to decrease the error of these losses and apply an accurate local reference. It's critical to comprehend the implications of using Geographic Information System (GIS) application technology for water distribution network models to evaluate the hydraulic grade head with Iraqi Geodetic Reference. These GIS input data are based on an analysis of the relationship between selected spatial data resolution and the precision of the expected hydraulic head for selected stations with a distribution network. This research aims to review the literature and try to track the conversion of geodetic references and datums to accurately identify the hydraulic pressure for the selected locations of the water supply network. It was found that recent researches tend to use GIS application to create novel methods to reduce head losses and error.

There are various approaches used to create 3D models of soil surfaces, including field surveying, photogrammetry and laser scanning methods. However, most of these methods are high cost, requiring many employees and long processing time. Thus, this study will evaluate these approaches and will show the merits and the significances of each approach used for 3D soil generations. The review study shows that the videogrammetric method is considered the efficient approach for 3D soil surface generation because it is economic, precise, fast, and needs few workers.

This review paper examines the current state of lung disease diagnosis based on deep learning (DL) methods. Lung diseases, such as Pneumonia, TB, Covid-19, and lung cancer, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accurate and timely diagnosis of these diseases is essential for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. DL methods, which utilize artificial neural networks to extract features from medical images automatically, have shown great promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of lung disease diagnosis. This review discusses the various DL methods that have been developed for lung disease diagnosis, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs). The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed, along with the types of medical imaging techniques used, such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT). In addition, the review discusses the most commonly used performance metrics for evaluating the performance of DL for lung disease diagnosis: the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, accuracy, precision, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). Moreover, the challenges and limitations of using DL for lung disease diagnosis, including the limited availability of annotated data, the variability in imaging techniques and disease presentation, and the interpretability and generalizability of DL models, are highlighted in this paper. Furthermore, strategies to overcome these challenges, such as transfer learning, data augmentation, and explainable AI, are also discussed. The review concludes with a call for further research to address the remaining challenges and realize DL's full potential for improving lung disease diagnosis and treatment.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from partial shade and nonuniform irradiance conditions. Meanwhile, each PV module has a bypass shunt diode (BSD) to prevent hotspots. BSD also causes a series of a peak in the power-voltage characteristics of the PV array, trapping traditional maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods in local peaks. This study aims to address these challenges by combining cuckoo search (CS), gray wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to enhance MPPT performance. The results compared the yield power by Tracking the MPP using only GWO, CS, or PSO MPPT techniques and combining them. Results show that in four cases: in case 1) Uniform Irradiation in three patterns (High, Medium, and Low), In case 2) Fixed Nonuniform Irradiation, While In case 3) Slow Dynamic Nonuniform Irradiation and case 4) ) Fast Dynamic nonuniform irradiation. The efficiency (PSO + CS) 97.86%, (PSO + GWO) 97.74%, and (GWO + CS) 98.55% were the highest performers in the case 1 results in (high, medium, and low), respectively. In Case 2, the efficiency (GWO + CS) is 98.62%, and it operates more effectively under fixed nonuniform irradiance. It has the highest efficiency in both Cases 3 and 4, even though its respective PSO + GWO efficiencies are 97.45% and 97.26%. Based on these results, a hybrid mode of merging algorithms based on weather radiation conditions is proposed.

The Super duplex stainless steel is the best of the stainless steel types because duplex stainless steel contains two phases, ferritic and austenitic, which promote this alloy's mechanical and corrosion properties compared to other types. This study will investigate the corrosion behaviour of weld metal and base metals in acidic and salty media. At 20 C, hydrochloric acid (1M, 3M, and 5M) was studied beside sodium chloride NaCl (1 wt%, 3.5 wt%, and 5 wt%). The potentiostat test results show that the effect of HCl is more aggressive than NaCl in all cases, as HCl is a strong acid. The results showed the 316 base metal being the weakest area compared with others (2507 BM and W.M.). The microstructure has been checked before and after the corrosion test and pitting corrosion has been found in the 316 base metal only, while the weld metal and 2507 base metal surfaces were free of pitting influence. Due to the welding technique and using a cooper back strip, the microstructure shows minor grain growth in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) on both weld sides. The micro-hardness test revealed that the duplex stainless steel had a higher value than the weld metal and the 316-base metal. The weld metal had a minor increase over the base metal because of the migration of the elements like chromium and nickel.

Low carbon steel 1020 AISI has been selected in this study to show the influence of Ni Nano coating on fatigue life of this metal under fatigue loading at room temperature with a stress ratio R= -1. The prepared specimens are exposed to electroplated process using Nano nickel with 40 nm at diverse situations to improve the fatigue limit of metal. (SCHENCK PUNN) rotating bending fatigue test, hardness, tensile strength, microstructure, surface roughness and SEM, XRD diffraction tests have been completed for base metal and electroplating treated metal. The experimental results indicate that Ni nano coating by electroplating improve the fatigue life at due to steel substrates are typically polished mechanically and chemically before deposition to enhance the fatigue properties and nano nickel have fair distribution

This research focuses on studying the influence of three most influential parameters on the oil extraction from powder of date palm seeds using the laboratory Soxhlet apparatus which introduces the highest yield of oil. The study parameters are the type of solvent, particle size of date seed powder، and period extraction. Accordingly، it can be confirmed that hexane is the most efficient solvent that can produce the maximum yield of extracted oil which was around 9 g per 100 g of powder of dry seeds. Also, the particle sizes of less than of 0.5 mm have deduced the maximum yield of oil. Finally, three hours of extraction is the best period to extract the highest production of oil.

Vitamin D is found in foods in two primary forms: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), with vitamin D3 being a fat-soluble vitamin. that is necessary for calcium homeostasis and the maintenance of proper function in a variety of tissues. Humans get vitamin D from their diets or from being exposed to ultraviolet B radiation from the sun. Aside from its well-known effects on bone health, vitamin D has been hypothesized to play a role in various disease states and health situations, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. To assess vitamin D3 concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes, using the Vitamin D Total III kit on the Cobas E 411 device. A total of 300 people were recruited, with 150 people suffering from type 2 diabetes serving as cases and 150 healthy volunteers of the same gender and age being used as the control group. Both genders were represented, with an age group between 30 – 79 years. The collection of data lasts for five months, beginning Started in November 2022 to April 2023. The data was analyzed with the readily available statistical package SPSS-28, and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the relationship among vitamin D, T2DM, and control. Data were provided in simple frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and range measures. Type 2 diabetes patients' mean ± SD ages were 55.4 ± 10.1, while controls had a mean ± SD of age of 55.3 ± 10.0. the sociodemographic features of T2DM and participant control. Shows A statistically significant association was found in the variables of age groups, school level (P = 0.0001), and marital status (P = 0.008). The BMI: mean ± SD (29.69 ± 5.14) of T2DM was higher than the BMI: mean ± SD (24.41 ± 1.95) of controls, as well as the waist-to-height ratio, which showed that the mean ± SD (0.527 ± 0.046) of T2DM was greater than the control mean ± SD (0.483 ± 0.019) at level (P = 0.0001); T2DM patients had deficient and insufficient vitamin D3 levels (38.7% and 33.3%, respectively), whereas controls had deficient and insufficient vitamin D3 levels (28.7% and 30.0%, respectively). It was found that there is a significant difference between low vitamin D3 levels and individuals with type 2 diabetes, and A lack of vitamin D3 is related to an increased risk of developing T2DM.

Poly (methylmethacrylate) is considered the basis material for a denture base. However, such substance has some drawbacks such as poor impact resistance, which is thought to be the primary cause of fracture of denture base resins. The purpose of the study was to determine how Nano and Micro hydroxyapatite particles affected the impact strength of acrylic resin. Thirty specimens were constructed of heat-cured acrylic resin and were divided into three groups: Ten specimens for the control, 10 for 1%nano hydroxyapatite, and 10 for micro hydroxyapatite. Acrylic samples were subjected to an impact strength test via a Charpy-type. Data were then analysed using SPSS v20. The ANOVA test was used for comparison among the groups. Highly statistically significant differences among all studied groups (P-value <0.0001). Both 5% Micro hydroxyapatite and 1% Nano hydroxyapatite had a higher mean value than the control. Incorporating Nano and Micro hydroxyapatite into PMMA improved the impact strength of acrylic resins.

One of the significant advantages of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is its ability to bond composite materials. This makes it a versatile material that can be used in a range of dental applications, including as a framework for fixed or removable dental prostheses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the transverse strength of heat-cured acrylic resin after reinforcing repaired material with recycled PEEK fibers obtained from a CAD/CAM machine. After milling, PEEK fibers were collected from the CAM machine. The size of the PEEK fibers was measured by utilizing a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); with the particle grit size being 200 μm. Thirty specimens were used and divided into three groups of heat-cured acrylic resins was evaluated. All specimens have been stored at 37°C prior to fracture, and specimens have been then repaired after fracture with an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin using Ivomet. Group A of heat-cured specimens was used as a (control group) and repaired with no additive to the self-cured acrylic repair materials. While group B has been repaired by self-cured acrylic reinforced with of 1%wt. PEEK fibers, group C has been repaired by self-cured acrylic reinforced with the addition of 2%wt. PEEK fiber. There is a difference between groups A and C; however, there is a significant difference at 0.05 when comparing with groups B and C. When compared to (1%wt. PEEK-fiber) and the control group, adding (2%wt. PEEK-fiber) improves the transverse strength of the repaired heat-cured acrylic resins.

The insufficiently binder between acrylic teeth and dentures is considered to be the primary cause of teeth fractures from the dentures and is one of the disadvantages of acrylic denture base material. This research has been conducted to assess various concentrations of Nano hydroxyapatite addition on the shear bond between repaired acrylic teeth and polymer. One-hundred specimens of resin were split into two main subdivisions. 50 specimens were repaired with cold cured Duracryl Plus and the other 50 were repaired with a special type of acrylic O-cry1. Each one was sectioned into tested groups depending on (1%., 2%., 3%, and 5% by wt. of nano hydroxyapatite) incorporation and control group (0% of nano hydroxyapatite) with (n=10). The Universal testing machine was utilized for shear bond strength measurement. The obtained values were diffracted by t-test, ANOVA, and LSD-test. There was an increase in bond strength that repairing with O-cry1 than Duracryl Plus with a heightening in the bond strength, which was seen with incorporating nano hydroxyapatite into the acrylic resin with a significant difference between them. The 2% wt. Nano hydroxyapatite group demonstrated the maximum mean values, while those for the 5% wt. Nano hydroxyapatite group were recording minimum value with a significant difference between them. Repairing with O-cry1 recording better bond strength than Duracryl Plus acrylic. Furthermore, the addition of hydroxyapatite in Nano-form has successfully improved the “shear bond strength” of teeth to the PMMA at 2% wt. nano hydroxyapatite.

For evaluation and comparison of the effect of surface treatment (glazings, polishing with rubber wheel and diamond paste, and polishing with rubber wheel) on pressable porcelain (IPS Emax porcelain) surface roughness in comparison with non-treated surface. Forty-disc shaped specimens of baseplate wax with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness have been prepared. They were invested and subjected to lost wax technique in fabricate the pressable ceramic. Following pressing, they have been divided randomly into four groups: Group A: no surface treatments, Group B: glazing (paste, HT, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Germany) glazing (paste, HT, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Germany), Group C: polishing with burs (DIAPRO TWIST, EVE, GmbH, Germany), and Group D: polishing with burs (DIAPRO TWIST, EVE, GmbH, Germany) and diamond paste (All in one, RENFERT, GmbH, Germany). For each specimen, examination of mean roughness profile (Ra) was performed for total surface roughness description. Specimens were stabilized with the acrylic holder used previously in the initial polishing procedure. A contact stylus profilometer was used to conduct a quantitative measurement of surface roughness in micrometers (μm) for all specimens. The highest (Ra) value was for control group (1.9520), whereas the lowest values were in group D (Polishing by rubber wheel .4670. One-way ANOVA test showed a high significant value at (P <. 000), and LSD test showed a high significant value at (P <. 000) when comparison was established among groups. From the results of the current study, we can conclude the following; polishing procedure for the surface of pressable ceramic with or without diamond paste produced better surface smoothness than glazed surface and non-treated surface and polishing with burs could be an alternative to glazing to provide smooth surface.

Digital transformation is the procedure that integrates recent technologies in organizations to push essential change, improve efficiency, and facilitate work for employees. This paper studies the impact of digital transformation on the operational performance of the Kirkuk Electricity Distribution Branch. Four dimensions of digital transformation will be considered: infrastructure, skills, environment, and digital technology. A descriptive analytical methodology was adopted to examine this impact. A questionnaire of 27 questions was built and distributed to the Kirkuk Electricity Distribution Branch employees. The answers from a convenience sample of 328 male and female employees were collected. These answers were examined using SPSS software and statically tools. The result shows a significant impact of the digital transformation on the operational performance of the Kirkuk Electricity Distribution Branch.

This study aims to address the problems of investment portfolio risk management based on diversification strategy sector, and mainly seeks to apply genetic algorithms (GA) to improve Markowitz model (return - risk). The portfolio optimization problem is a multi-objective problem that simultaneously aims to maximize the expected return of the portfolio and reduce the portfolio risk. The current study is a heuristic approach to the problem of portfolio optimization using genetic algorithms technique. The data of the current study is on a sample of stock prices between 01/01/2016-31/12/2020 in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, moreover, in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic algorithms to improve the level of optimal risk.

The research aims to identify the possibility of measuring and analyzing the reality of the application of institutional accreditation standards in the two surveyed universities (Al-Karkh Science and Al-Farahidi Private University). The problem of the study is examining the applied reality of the axes of institutional accreditation in Iraqi public and private universities. Determining the gap between the actual performance of the two universities surveyed and a pivotal application (the strategy of the educational institution / governance and administration). The study aims to identify the applied reality of the axes of institutional accreditation in Iraqi public and private universities. Narrowing the gap, enhancing strengths and addressing weaknesses by measuring and diagnosing the gap between the actual reality of the performance of the two universities and the application of the pivotal Iraqi institutional accreditation. The checklists that were developed according to the paragraphs of the two axes (indicators), and the use of mathematical equations to analyze and collect the weights of these indicators, and to extract application percentages and gaps (24%, 24%) is lower than the Al-Farahidi Civil University, where the gap for the two axes (33%, 39%) was lower.

The aim of the research is to identify the role of administrative empowerment in enhancing job satisfaction for workers in the general administration of the city of medicine. Where the city of medicine was chosen as a sample because there is a real problem in verifying the hypotheses and objectives of this research. The problem of the research in the lack of adoption of the organization under discussion included the use of contemporary administrative trends and not adopting them as part of its work philosophy, including administrative empowerment, which can be negatively reflected in the level of job satisfaction for employees. The questionnaire was adopted in collecting data, which consisted of two sides. The first side dealt with the personal data of the research sample employees, and the second side dealt with the paragraphs of the two research variables (administrative empowerment and job satisfaction). Participated in the questionnaire survey (213) employees. The quantitative statistical method was used to analyze the data based on the (SPSS.23) program. The research reached a set of conclusions, including the existence of a direct relationship between administrative empowerment and job satisfaction for employees, because empowerment is the variable that leads to the existence of a feeling of job satisfaction for employees, and among the most prominent recommendations is the need for the organization’s management to adopt awareness programs directed to employees, especially managers at all administrative levels. On the importance of contemporary administrative trends in administrative work.

The research aims to determine the level of application of financial control techniques in the Iraqi banking sector and the importance of their application to ensure the proper functioning of banking operations and provide security for customer accounts and the impact of these techniques on the development of the banking environment، The research problem was embodied in the banks’ need to develop control techniques in them، in addition to developing the adopted work strategies and directing Iraqi financial institutions to these techniques to be supportive of administrative methods and keeping pace with automation in order to benefit from their services to achieve a competitive advantage in a rapidly changing world،
especially within the banking business environment. To achieve the objectives of the research، the descriptive analytical approach was adopted، and the questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection، as it included 42 items. 7 banks،
including two government banks and 5 private banks، relying on a sample of managers، heads of departments، officials of the divisions، units and employees، and the number reached 147 employees in those banks. The research suggests developing the banking business environment by introducing financial control techniques that contribute to the advancement of banks and the development of financial performance By reducing effort and time and providing safety and thus its reflection on customer satisfaction and achieving a competitive advantage، the study reached a set of results using the statistical program SPSS.v.24، And statistical methods (arithmetic mean، standard deviation, coefficient of variation، Spearman correlation coefficient، simple linear regression)، the most important of which was the existence of a significant correlation between banking supervision technology and the banking business environment، as well as the existence of an impact relationship for financial control technology In the banking business environment، the most important recommendations were the need to develop existing technologies، including It is commensurate with the technological development in the world، as well as the need to provide electronic control systems and techniques on all banking activities and operations to ensure the achievement of protection، safety and control for all operations and for all bank branches.