AL-ADAB JOURNAL

As a descriptive study, this article examines the significance of stylistic analysis in observing fiction, focusing on the use of foreshadowing. The author investigates the potential overuse of foreshadowing in selected modern cultural novels and analyses its impact on the plot and the suspense of the readers. The study examines the use of foreshadowing to deconstruct the difficulty novelists face in crafting immaculate works. It concludes that foreshadowing is an integral part of any literary work, regardless of its type or genre, and that it cannot be restricted to particular words. Furthermore, the "tense" factor in most modern works is not fixed or regulated due to the overuse of the flashback technique. The discussion examines Mr. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce. Mrs. Dalloway's linguistic variables demonstrate that foreshadowing predominates the plot, as Woolf's foreshadowing lexis continually alludes to Septimus and Clarissa's plight. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man heavily uses concrete lexemes to foreshadow Daedalus’ evolution, whereas Mrs. Dalloway focuses on speech and abstract lexemes.

The issue of this research is that there is no special study on the rule of acceptedness in the modern linguistic lesson, despite the prevalence of this rule in linguistic studies. There are brief references to the rule of acceptedness in the studies of modern scholars without dedicating a special study to it. The research studies one of the evaluative provisions in Arabic grammar, to show the concept of this rule, its manifestations, and criteria in the linguistic lesso. The research aims to achieve a set of objectives sought from it, which is to provide a study specialized in good judgment in the language lesson through Sibawayh's book, it includes the concept of acceptedness linguistically and idiomatically, and defines the development of its origins until the era of Sibawayh and presents the manifestations of this rule in linguistic structures. The research took the descriptive analytical approach in the research by studying the positions of good judgment in the linguistic uses of Sibawayh, and classifying issues, studying, and analyzing them, linking them to linguistic issues, and discussing them through the contexts in which they occurred. The research reached a few results, the most important of which is rooting the term, clarifying its concept, and explaining the manifestations of its use in the Arabic grammar through Sibawayh’s book. Knowing the linguistic and impressionistic controls for issuing this judgment, and knowing the criteria of Sibawayh, which balances between the linguistic uses to which this judgment applies, which were represented in the prevalence and abundance, and the observance of analogy and significance.

Since stylistics is concerned with studying styles, the present paper is an analysis of the styles in selected poems. Style is grasped by analyzing the choice and use of stylistic devices; therefore, this study investigates the lexical items and the figures of speech in two English and Arabic pastoral poems, namely Matthew Arnold’s The Scholar Gipsy and Kahlil Gibran’s Al-Mawakib. These poems share the same theme which is nature. Both idealize nature by praising it as being a source of imagination and inspiration. Yet, the poems also describe a city in a different description. Therefore, contrast is the style adopted in pastoral poetry and it is achieved by manipulating some stylistic devices. The study adopts Leech and Short's (2007) checklist of stylistic markers as a framework for analysis. The findings of the analysis show great similarities in using the same stylistic devices in a contrastive manner in both poems with differences only in the frequency rates.

This study comes to demonstrate the relationship between three poems: (Lamia) the Umayyad poet Al-Ra’i Al-NumeiriAnd two poems by Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri (Nagit Lebanon) and (ASEF FAME), which is the relationship of opposition and Extraction. As for his poem (ASEF FAME), its context and some of its verses were derived from the poem (Nagit Lebanon). The study found a balance between these poems by finding out the common theme, meter, rhyme, narration, and repetition in the verses between these poems.

The notion of neo-orientalism is usually considered as the new-millennium manifestations of the traditional 18th century orientalism. Unlike the traditional one which mainly focused on India during and after the colonization era, it is generally associated with the confrontation between the West and the Arabic-Islamic world after the dramatic event of the 11th of September in the US.
This study is based on the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) of Ruth Wodak as a model of analysis in examining the neo-orientalist discourse. A collection of research studies, newspaper articles, and interviews performed by thirteen western prominent authors have been selected as the data of the study. They were classified into three groups of pioneers, supporters, and academics according to their influence in the western intelligentsia and media in addition to the nature of their works.
The study has proved that the neo-orientalist discourse of the pioneers and their supporters uses a highly-intensified language charged with racism, provocation, and Islamophobia with occasional hate speech. The neo-orientalist discourse of the academics, on the other hand, was found to be more objective, judicious, and encouraging with a clearly-mitigated language.

The poem deals with multiple images of the Kurdish individual, starting with the image of the desperate, displaced, and stranger Kurdish, up to the creative Kurdish who compensated for his absence with his creative texts, and his metaphorical language in which he excels over other of his peers, and ending with the image of the Kurdish martyr and his secret funeral, his call to the Kurdish uprising through the next generations, and his refusal to acquiesce. to the majeure circumstances that surround him. All this through a metaphorical language, correspondence with the senses, and the use of symbolic and other images derived from nature and moving images, which take colors as a ride to clarify the poetic goals and intents. The poem is characterized by an honest poetic experience that pushes the researcher to question the secret of this deep sincerity in feelings by an Arab poet writing about a Kurdish individual. The fighting brothers, and it contains references to the creative individual in whom the researcher finds a common denominator between the poet himself and Salim Barakat al-Kurdi, who was gifted this poem by Darwish.

This study explores aspects of communication in autistic children at Al-Sibtain Academy for Autism and Developmental Disorders. The main objective was to investigate whether the program and training methods of the academy positively impact the language development and communication skills of children enrolled in the program.
To address this objective, a hypothesis was formulated: the program and training methods would significantly enhance language development in the attending children. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing House's SCDS scale for analysis. The research design encompasses gathering numerical data through surveys, which is later subjected to statistical analysis. The findings indicate that the intervention had the greatest impact on children who engaged in daily activities tailored to their specific needs and commenced the program at an earlier age. This highlights the crucial role of early intervention and consistent therapy in promoting language development.
In conclusion, this study underscores the effectiveness of Al-Sibtain Academy's program and training methods in fostering language development among autistic children. The results emphasize the significance of early intervention and sustained therapeutic efforts in maximizing positive outcomes.

The current study aims to explore the impact of using literature circles strategy on supporting EFL college students ‘reading comprehension skills and motivation towards reading. Literature circles strategy is an activity in which the students meet to discuss and react to a text, book or short story which they are reading together. This research is an experimental one in which thirty college students in the experimental group were taught the short story (The Dolle’s House) by using the literature circles strategy, whereas the other thirty students in the control group were taught the same short story by using the conventional method. To achieve the aims of this study, an observation checklist of reading comprehension skills and a questionnaire of motivation toward reading have been administered by the researcher to get the necessary data. The findings reveal that the experimental group’s students performed better than the control group’s students with significant differences favoring the experimental group that was exposed to literature circles strategy. Pedagogical implications for EFL college teachers are presented to enhance and improve their students’ language learning by incorporating the literature circles strategy in EFL classrooms especially in teaching short stories and novels to support students ‘reading comprehension skills and motivation toward reading.

We seek in this study to stand on the Iraqi cultural criticism that takes novelist creativity as a field for its practices; in order to search for the accuracy of the use of the cultural critical terms, and the disturbance or failure in its use or application. Not all critics adhere to the cultural terminology they declare in the introduction of their studies, or what they adopt.

There is no doubt that the draft historical dictionary of our Arabic language; as it is the project of the nation, which the Arab linguistic academies set out to accomplish despite the many challenges and obstacles that accompanied its path. Arab experts set out to embody the idea of the project and show it to the public. They were, and still are, making every effort to complete the process of compiling the (Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language), and among the most important linguists and lexicographers who had the lead in building this project; is the distinguished Iraqi scholar, Dr. Ali Al-Qasimi, who had a prominent role in crystallizing the basic plan for the historical dictionary, and in developing a new vision based on Western visions. Because of the qualifications he acquired from his coexistence with the latest linguistic theories. He was, and still is, highly motivated to spread his vision in conferences and meetings related to the project, especially if we know that he is an active member of the scientific committees for the two projects of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language in (Doha) and (Sharjah). Perhaps his book (The Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language Industry); The best evidence of this, as it is a summary (of the scientific plan) for the project of the historical dictionary of the Arabic language, which was assigned to it by the Scientific Council of the Union of Arab Linguistic Academies. In this research, we will present the most important steps and methodologies for classifying the historical dictionary of the Arabic language, as defined by Dr. Al-Qasimi.

The presence of the place in the novel is not just a background for the events of the novel, it is an essential element in presenting the event and the characters, and an indispensable condition in any novel, whatever its topic, as there is no story without a place, and the story is not complete without a place that embraces it, and a space in which events develop and grow. Between the place and the rest of the elements (such as events, time, and characters) is a relationship of integration. We cannot drop one of them because of the importance of his presence in the story. who lives it; It is the first reference for man, as he clung to it and built his life through it, so he became of social, psychological and psychological dimensions . This study seeks to shed light on the aesthetics of the place in the novel The Pansion by the novelist Abdullah Al-Nuaimi, by following the analytical descriptive approach. The research begins with an introduction, followed by introducing the place and its definitions, then the types of place, followed by the analysis of the geographical place and standing on its indications, then the conclusion and the results of the research.

Arguments vary in their levels in terms of strength and weakness, and their connection to the result they lead to. These arguments help in drawing conclusions because of the specific direction that they oblige the recipient to. This study aims to address the theory of the argumentative scales developed by Oswald Ducrot by highlighting the concept of the argumentative scales, its characteristics and laws, and investing the theory in analyzing Qur’anic texts in order to explore the hierarchy of arguments and their connection to each other, resulting in arguments that direct the recipient to the desired result, influence the recipient, and lead to persuasion. We will take the verses that respond to the doubts of the skeptics in Surat Al-Ma’idah and Al-An’am as a subject for the study.

Science fiction literature in the developed world claims great interest in literary and critical circles. It is not possible to research science fiction novels in the Emirates without the name of the writer Nora Ahmed Al-Noman, who is considered the first Emirati writer and novelist specializing in the field of science fiction. Through this research, we shed light on the first Emirati female novelist who wrote a science fiction novel in her novel (Ajwan). Science fiction is the best way to link literary culture with scientific culture, and it is a kind of fantasy that takes the reality of scientific and technological progress on society and individuals as its main theme. The novelist Noura Al-Noman believes that the fantasy novel, as it is called in the West, “Fantasia”, includes fairy tales and wonders, in which events are characterized by strangeness and cannot be realized and this cannot be explained scientifically, an example of which is the famous “Harry Potter” novels. Whereas, a science fiction novel or story considers everything that is strange, impossible, or absurd that could happen if science developed. The character is one of the most important components on which the artwork is based, as it is an important element in every narrative, as there is no novel without a character who leads the events and organizes the actions. The character has a prominent role in activating the events. In a science fiction novel, we will not be in front of characters with familiar physiological dimensions, but rather we will be in front of a new human composition, as the temporal and spatial contrast calls for a different personality.

When writing about the history of the Irish national movement, we cannot overlook the role of Irish women, who had an active participation in supporting all the revolutions and uprisings that took place in all parts of the Irish island to get rid of the British occupation, despite the conservative nature of Irish society, which believed that the participation of Irish women In political activity, it is nothing but an act intended to disintegrate the fabric of the Irish family, and thus the disintegration of Irish society. The women decided to find organizations with clear political foundations that would adopt the demand for Irish women's rights, especially with regard to their right to vote in elections. This is why the Irish political arena witnessed the emergence of many feminist organizations. Among them are the Irish Suffrage Association, the Feminist Land League, Daughters of Ireland, and the Irish Women's Suffrage League. These organizations have opened the door for women to show their administrative, organizational and rhetorical capabilities.

The coasts and islands of the United Arab Emirates are green, due to the growth of some trees that can withstand high temperatures and salt water, such as mangroves, which have become the most prominent features of the Emirati environment. The interest of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was marked by the development of a practical program for the interest in agriculture, so he ordered the formation of a special ministry to undertake the tasks of preserving and multiplying agriculture and ensuring its sustainability. His interest was not limited to establishing a private institution concerned with agriculture to undertake all the tasks assigned to it, but he himself took great care of the rare trees by multiplying them. For their environmental importance, the mangroves were foremost among them, which received great attention from the Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, because of their great importance and positive impact on the marine or terrestrial environment. This keenness of Sheikh Zayed came as a translation of his awareness of the importance of preserving the agricultural environment to ensure its sustainability for future generations, and in appreciation of the great efforts and pioneering projects through which Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan implemented his philosophy in preserving the agricultural environment and ensuring its sustainability, This study came to focus on demonstrating the environmental and economic importance of mangroves on the one hand, and the efforts made by the founding leader to preserve and sustain them in the country on the other hand, in addition to highlighting the role played by state institutions in planting and propagating mangroves in particular for their importance in the environmental quality of life and climate in the country. The study relied on a number of local sources represented in contemporary local newspapers, in addition to some reports issued by government institutions concerned with agriculture, which included information on the protection and development of mangroves in the country.

The Ayyubid state paid special attention to military installations to protect the state from the attacks of the Crusader enemies, including castles, which were built with stone and lime that were brought from the surrounding areas. And they took into account in choosing the site a healthy climate, so that health does not deteriorate with it and food does not spoil, and the delivery of water to the castle. In Egypt and the Levant, as well as "restoring some of the others and introducing additions to them, and providing them with weapons and military equipment, they also paid great attention to the walls, because the fortification of cities with walls reduces the risk of the city being penetrated by the enemy and provides them with sufficient time to take the necessary measures to confront the enemy, and this has been done Building walls of stones and using Frankish prisoners to build them. They also built military cities to fight the Franks, and due to the conditions of war in the Ayyubid state, it required the existence of an institution that surveys the conditions of the enemy, the Crusaders, knowing the types of their weapons, their equipment, and the extent of their strength. It also transfers information in complete secrecy to and from the outskirts of the country. They also took care of the fleet and set aside for the navy a court known as (Divan of the Fleet) to spend on the navy. They established houses for the ship industry, which took over the manufacture of ships. The Court of the Fleet took charge of spending on these houses, and the Moroccans had a prominent role in the manufacture and leadership of the Ayyubid fleets.

The American War of Independence shed light on many of the leaders of the Generation of the Founding Fathers of the New Young Republic, and the character of Benjamin Rush is the most prominent of those names, starting from the early stages of his life in which he paved the way towards choosing the medical profession, passing through the signs of the emergence of the National Issue and the escalation of the dispute between the colonists and their mother country, His advocacy of the revolution, his immersion in political work in support of it with determination and persistence, his signing of the Declaration of Independence, support for the strong central government, his keenness to improve the moral and behavioral aspect of individuals as part of the process of building the state properly with all its institutions, and his involvement in writing, authoring and publishing in various fields and branches of science and knowledge.

Islamic manuscripts are one of the quintessential icons of Islamic civilization. Manuscripts are objects of knowledge as much as they are objects of cultural heritage. Hence, granting access to their content should be one of the main priorities for Arab heritage institutions. Yet, when compared to western heritage institutions, Arab heritage institutions lag behind when it comes to providing access to manuscripts in their custody. This paper is of the opinion there is a problem with the way Arab heritage institutions perform their work. More specifically, Arab heritage institutions lack direction. Solution as this paper proposes is through the right orientation manifested in processing manuscripts according to their historical and scientific value. Hence, this paper will explore the basics of determining the historical and scientific value of manuscripts as well as put forth a discussion about the practical requirements to determine that value.

Fez, the ancient city with its history, attracted researchers, travelers, geographers, orientalists and scholars. as they were fascinated by its diverse architecture, such as the religious buildings , the military architecture like walls, gates, towers, "Kasbat", and other buildings such as palaces, schools, hotels, markets, and the like. In addition, the city of Fez had a widespread scientific status, where Al Qarawiyyin Mosque played a major role in reinforcing the scientific movement in the Maghreb, as it is considered the oldest university in the world. We intend through this study to shed light on all that has been written about the cultural heritage of Fes, especially the ancient architectural heritage. Among what is discussed is an extrapolation of all the Arab sources that provided detailed information about its original buildings, the most important architectural formations and the aesthetic elements that distinguish them. Then, we monitor the foreign sources that describe this architectural heritage. In this research, we have relied on a large number of Arab and foreign references, the most important of which is “Kitab Al Anis Al Muṭrib Birawḍ Al Qirṭas Fi Akhbar Muluk Al Maghrab Wa Tarikh Madinah Fas” (The Entertaining Companion Book in the Gardens from the Chronicle of the Kings of the Maghreb and the History of the City of Fes) by Ibn Abi Zar'a, "Kitab Janai Zahret Al A'as Fe Benaa Madinah Fas" (The Book of Reaping the Flower of Myrtle in Building the City of Fes), by Al Jaznai, "Kitab Wasf Ifriqiya" (the Description of Africa Book) by Hassan Al Wazzan, known as the African Lion, and "Fes Qabl Al Himaya" (Fes Before the Protection), by Roger Lauterno, and other references.

This research seeks to elucidate the nomenclature of the Arabian Gulf, focusing on its varying designations across nations that held nominal or actual dominion over the region. The investigation concentrates on two principal actors, namely the Ottoman Empire and the British Crown Empire, each driven by distinct political and economic motives in its delineation of the Gulf's nomenclature. The study commences by exploring the cartographic landscape, the development of cartography, and identifying essential sources underpinning historical geographic maps. Furthermore, it elaborates on the Ottoman involvement in the region and profiles significant Ottoman cartographers. Similarly, the study addresses the British engagement in the area and highlights the prominent English cartographers of the era. Subsequently, a comparative evaluation of historical geographical maps spanning the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries is undertaken. The research draws from documented images made accessible through collaboration with Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi Darah in Sharjah. The comparative assessment culminates in a generalized inference that underscores the pivotal role of political and economic factors, as well as inter-state relationships, in shaping the genesis of the nomenclature during the examined historical epoch. As a recommendation, the study emphasizes the importance of discerning the underlying motives that informed nomenclatural choices when interpreting historical maps of the Gulf region and that contemporary platforms, like modern social media, which often lack historical context, should be approached with a prudent awareness.

The study aimed to evaluate the museums of the Emirate of Sharjah through museum activities and their role in the educational and culture process, to identify the types of museum activities and educational programs offered to students and related to the school curricula, to encourage future generations and educational institutions of the importance of the role of museums and their visits to places that preserve the country's heritage and make them feel the spirit of belonging to this homeland. The study population consisted of museums in the Emirate of Sharjah. The questionnaire was distributed via the Internet. 70 individuals from various disciplines responded. The researcher used the arithmetic means and standard deviations, in addition to the Cronbach alpha test, the Pearson test and the Eta square test to determine the size of the effect represented by the four axes: the museum's educational function and educational, museum holdings, museum activities, museum management and staff. The study reached a number of conclusions, including:
There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.05 concerning the importance of museum activities and their availability in Sharjah museums, and there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level 0.05. concerning the sample’s agreement on the educational and educational function of the museum. “There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance 0.05 about the availability of museum holdings that contribute to supporting the function of the museum.” There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance 0.05 about the contribution of museum management and workers in supporting the function of the museum. One of the results is that the size effect of all four axes on the independent variables was average with regard to nationality and academic achievement, while the size was large in the rest of the independent variables of the four axes of the questionnaire, museum departments in Sharjah have prior knowledge of the Emirati curricula, through which workshops related to school curricula topics are prepared, which enhance the value of the Emirati heritage.
In light of the results of the study, the study recommended the need to cooperate with museum departments in activating museum activities and the need to focus on the cultural and educational construction of generations and linking them to their past and heritage. It also recommended those in charge of the educational process in the first and second cycle of the need to re-plan classes for activities, national education, and social studies in its branches, so that museums’ holdings, activities, and programs are used to develop national and social education skills for students in schools.

The current research aims to reveal the level of active open-minded thinking among Sumer University students and its relationship to their life skills. The researcher prepared the active open-minded thinking scale, whose paragraphs amounted to (26) items, and the life skills scale, which amounted to (28) items, to identify the level of active open-minded thinking and skills. Life among students of the College of Basic Education Among the results of the research, the arithmetic mean of the students of the College of Basic Education was (57.38) and the standard deviation was (16.08), while the hypothetical mean was (52). The calculated t- is (2.59), which is greater than the tabular value (1.67), and this result indicates that it is statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05), and this means that students have active open thinking. Among the results of the research is also the students' possession of life skills, as the arithmetic mean was (60.50) and the standard deviation was (15.19), while the hypothetical mean was (56). (2.29), which is greater than the tabular value (1.67), and this result indicates that it is statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05). There is also a good direct relationship between students' possession of active open thinking and life skills. In light of this, the researcher recommended the preparation of programs and courses for students that help in developing active open-minded thinking in various disciplines, as well as conducting similar studies concerned with developing counseling programs for developing life skills among students of the College of Basic Education.

The objective of the current study is to identify the degree of identity crisis and suicidal tendencies among secondary school students who have lost one or both of their parents. The research sample consisted of (400) male and female students from Anbar Governorate secondary schools who were in the fourth, fifth, sixth preparatory grade – scientific and literary for ages 16, 17, 18 years old. The current study prepared the "Al-Manzel" scale, which was prepared according to the (Rasmussen, 1961) scale to measure the identity crisis, which consists of six stages out of the eight Erikson stages, with (64) items with five alternatives. The suicidal tendencies scale consisted of 36 items with 5 subscales, The statistical analysis's findings showed that the research sample had a high significant of identity crisis, with age differences and a gender in favor of females. The results also showed that there were three different levels of identity crisis. Members of the sample were included in both the weak level of crisis (19.76%) and the average level of crisis (65.262%) categories. The higher percentage of people experiencing a severe identity crisis was 62, which made up 15% of the entire sample population. Too, there were three levels of suicidal tendencies, according to the results. Average level of suicidal tendencies: more than half of the sample (67.268%) fell into this category (16.63%), which included people with low levels of suicidal tendencies. The higher percentage of people who had severe suicidal tendencies was 69, making up 17% of the entire sample. Furthermore, there has been a positive correlation between suicidal tendencies and identity crises. The likelihood of students attempting suicide increases with the prevalence of identity crises.

Since 2019, the world has suddenly suffered from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, for more than a year and a half (2019 to 2020). That was followed later in 2021 by the emergence of a new Coronavirus known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Sars-COV-2), which caused many and severe infections to the whole Earth’s population. Thus, that have led to increase the death average that exceeded millions at a time when the efforts of even scientifically developed countries failed to control this epidemic. Iraq was among these countries affected by this epidemic as a result of the poor levels of health services in the Iraqi hospitals, in addition to the lack of health awareness among the majority of the population. This research covers the developments of this epidemic in Iraq at the level of the Iraqi governorates by representing them cartographically. Mapping such a pandemic is the best visual method through which the spatial variation of any phenomenon can be clarified, by using several methods of cartographic representations. The data were utilized from the Ministry of Health for the second half of 2019 (six months) and the years 2020-2021.

Industry represents the basic pillar of the economic structure in the region and a strong engine for the process of economic and social development. Industry is also an economic activity that has flexibility and great freedom of movement in the geographical space as well as the industrial sector the ability to create mutual relations between industrial localization transactions. This research examined the industrial localization transactions for manufacturing industries in Erbil Governorate for the year 2021 and their spatial variation according to administrative units of concentration and localization. The most prominent conclusions reached by the research were:
1. The value of labor coefficients (labor force) in Erbil governorate for the year 2021 is focused on industrial establishments for the manufacture of food products by (24.4%) for labor plants, and the semi-metallic metals industry by (23.3%) at the expense of other manufacturing industries.
2. The research revealed the concentration of the value of wages and salaries of labor in industrial establishments for the manufacture of food products by (35.7%) at the level of the province of Erbil compared to other manufacturing industries.

The community of death row forms a parallel universe to the prison society within the Iraqi correctional institution, which in turn constitutes a world and a society parallel to the society in which you live. This narrow world with its space and freedom contains many conflicts, hopes and fear, the anxiety of waiting for the next. It is an important station for the prisoners waiting for death as one of the most difficult moments that an individual can live, and there is no doubt that this waiting is clearly reflected in the daily life of the waiting inmates, especially in terms of their food, behavior, dreams, expectations, health condition, long-term relationships and ambitions that they want to reach, and there is no doubt that prison is a special culture. However, it is not completely separated from the mother culture from which the inmate branches, which came from her world uttered his criminal act, as the study concluded according to the theory of the world Goffman as well as Freud that the process of interaction that occurs inside the prison and the process of stigma, the processes of institutional dealings , the death of the subjects and the duality in dealing and the anomaly that exists despite reaching the stage of death, all give a foundational model for the work of both the daily life of those sentenced to death and the prison institution charged with the work of that private world. It is decreed that he should act according to what has been prepared for him from institutional roles that he does not know that it was prepared, not the death of himself, and the industry of another institutional self is more submissive.

The study seeks to identify the impact of gender on the concept of extremism among refugees in the Erbil refugee camp in Iraq, by measuring the extent of some concepts in extremism in several areas, including (the causes of extremism, the consequences of extremism, addressing extremism). A questionnaire was designed for male and female refugees and over 18 years of age, and this questionnaire was applied to 300 people from the camp and from all educational groups and in a set of variables (180 males and 120 females) by using the purposeful non-probability sampling method. Analysis of results found that the effect of gender was shown and the extent of the concept and definition of extremism among males and females was measured. It was found through the study that there are statistical indications that differ in the concept between males and females. Understand the concepts of extremism and what are its effects and causes. Several recommendations have been included that contribute to finding successful methods for dealing with extremism.

The researcher aimed in this study to identify the relationship between the patterns of family upbringing and the personality of the children by raising a set of questions that represented the questions of this study and which serve the main objective for which this study was conducted, as the researcher relied in the writing of this study on the literature and previous studies which included the variables of his study and other variables that serve the research. The researcher used the analytical method in his study by describing the examined phenomenon according to different data such as the variables and determinants affecting the process of upbringing. The study, which stated that there is no specific pattern that can be classified as coming first in terms of its prevalence as a pattern followed by the parents, and the study concluded that there is a relationship that varies in the degree of strength between the parental upbringing pattern and the personality of the son, and the study also found that the patterns of upbringing is linked and positively affects the children's personality, as well as negative family upbringing patterns affect the son's personality negatively. Finally, based on the findings arrived at, the researcher recommended the need to increase research on the patterns of family upbringing that are dealt with qualitatively, not quantitatively, according to a set of precise variables.