Journal of sustainable studies

Thus this study sheds a light on phonological research by Abulbaqa' Alaqbary specially the voices and its features to know what he achieved in this field and what he added for phonology subject , its similarity and difference for both the old and modern scholars .
No doubt that what he added must be reviewed as he was not imitator ar following others but he was innovator and creator .
This study in its objective and purpose comes in the field of introducing the achievements , works and efforts of Arabic language scholars in the linguistics emergent fields which is phonetics that in spite of the studies and analysis of linguists but it requires more studies that studies the environment that surround the generation of phonetics in Arabic language and the conditions that accompany it since the evolution and maturity .It is vital science not frozen or separated from other sciences

The current study aimed to identify the level of academic achievement motivation among middle school students in light of e-learning in the General Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar. The study sample consisted of (400) male and female students who were chosen in a simple random way. Which dealt with the research variable, which became composed of (26) paragraphs, and after applying the search tool and obtaining the results, it was processed statistically and showed that the sample members had a good level of academic achievement motivation, as well as the absence of significant differences according to the gender variable.

The Allia Qadiriyah Kassanzanite tariqah is considered one of the most important Sufi orders spread widely in Iraq, and its spread was not limited to Iraq only, but also included many countries of the world. Shedding light on the emergence of the tariqah and the circumstances of its formation is one of the most important issues that preoccupied many researchers in tracing the history of the emergence of this Sufi tariqah. In order to shed light on the origin of the method and trace the features of its formation, it will contribute to providing an important historical picture of the nature of this method and its basic history for researchers in this topic.

The Peace Conference in Paris, which was held in 1919, is considered one of the most important international conferences that laid out a plan of action to settle the problems left by the First World War. Thirty-two of the victorious countries in the war participated in it. A number of independent countries and other unofficial delegations participated in it. Including the Iranian delegation, which carried with it political, economic and other demands related to the return of his country’s borders, but Britain did not allow the Iranian delegation to convey its demands to the American President Woodrow Wilson, who presented in this conference his fourteen principles, and instead Britain sought to conclude the August 1919 treaty with Iran To turn it into a base for it in the Arab Gulf region, which the US administration had its position on it.

The crises that the country went through contributed to the deviation of many young people and their slide towards extremism, especially middle school students, as the problems and crises witnessed by the Iraqi society played a major role in the growth of the problem of extremism, and the educational institution was not isolated from that, as it had its share of that problem, as it did not Students who are in adolescence are far from participating in extremist ideas and activities that could pose a threat to the school environment and be a source of concern for the student and teacher. School in the face of extremist behavior, and to achieve this goal, the study was divided into two sections. While the second topic was under the title “The Educational Institution and its Role in Confronting Extremist Behavior among Preparatory School Students”, in which the role of the teacher was first discussed. The educational institution represented by the school in confronting extremist behavior, and secondly, the role of school social service in confronting extremist behavior.

The subject of religious discourse is of great interest to thinkers, ancient and modern, especially since discourse in general is the means of communication between individuals and societies, and is the most important factor in the formation of the mental and mental structure of the individual, as well as one of the main influences on the human psyche. Moving from the general to the particular, the religious discourse refers to the assimilation and understanding of religion in the light of the data of the era, and in a manner that guarantees the existence of the coexisting human being in a peaceful coexistence with the members of his era. And the conditions that must be met in religious discourse, and then review the ways and means of its dissemination, and finally knowing the impact of this discourse in achieving peaceful coexistence Among the members of the community.

Due to the development that took place on networks of information technology (IT) and communications; led to converting the residents’ lifestyle in cities and suburbs to become easier in gaining the social and infrastructure services. That development was reflected in enhancing those services in the cities by linking them with an IT and communication technology that have the ability to provide an instant information concerning city’s various components in time and place through a sensing technology which will provide sufficient information to cities’ Administrators to take the right decision in meeting the urban services needs.

This study is attempting to analyze the possibility of converting Basra into a smart city as currently a lot of countries were converted into smart cities by using the modern technologies in running their business; and the research revealed that Basra is quite in need to develop its infrastructure and be linked with the modern technology that could gradually convert it into a smart city.

The research aims to reveal the impact of the Corona pandemic on changing the climatic characteristics of Basra Governorate, as the climatic characteristics of the observed elements of the climatic cycle (1986 - 2019) were analyzed, and compared with the year (2020). The difference in the annual averages of maximum and minimum temperatures and the average (-0.22, -1.51, -0.02) for each of them, while the annual difference in relative humidity was (4.16%), while the annual difference in wind speed was (-0.43 m/s). (Suspended dust and rising dust), their annual difference reached (-45, -40 days), The discrepancy in climatic readings is attributed to the decrease in vehicular traffic at the local level, as well as other human activities, which resulted in a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, NO3, and CH4) and an improvement in air quality, and this was confirmed by data issued by the Environment Directorate of Basra Governorate, which She indicated a decrease in the concentrations of these gases in the air during the year (2020), which had a positive impact on modifying the climatic characteristics of Basra Gov.

The problem of urban poverty is one of the most important problems faced by poor and developing countries that emerged with the middle of the last century. Recently, research centers and countries that want to remove poverty from the poor in their countries have paid great attention to this phenomenon. At the end of the last century and with the start of countries There is a lot of interest in economic development programs and the establishment of centers and institutions that are concerned with reforming economic policies in them. The issues of poverty, unemployment and income distribution have turned a new and important turn to focus attention on the level of human development as a goal of economic growth on the assumption that human development is the basis and essence of the project and the development program that the state is supposed to strive to achieve. .
On the other hand, researchers are turning to the problem of urban poverty as a problem or social phenomenon that has several branches and levels that must be researched because of its great impact on human societies in that it has many aspects of impact such as social marginalization, lack of income, food scarcity, deterioration of health services, or the prevalence of Corruption, ignorance, poor education, and most importantly, the spread of unemployment.
In this direction, anthropological researchers took the lead in researching, analyzing and diagnosing the reality of the poor in which they live, the extent to which they are affected by this problem, the extent to which it is branched, and what are its manifestations and dimensions within the structure of the poor urban community in particular, and the large community that surrounds the poor neighborhoods in general, and with the escalation of manifestations of poverty and destitution in The revival of our cities, and the difficulty of finding effective policies to get rid of the phenomenon of urban poverty or mitigate its impact on members of society, and in view of the spread of this phenomenon (urban poverty) and its ramification and rootedness in the structure of society to include a large group of our dear society, so we will try in this study to take note of this phenomenon and shed light on it In order to know it well and to reach what can reduce its impact on individuals and thus gradually get rid of its effects on society.

1-Motivaation of mastery among university professors
2-Searching for the uniqueness of university professors
3- the correlative relationship between the motivation for perfection and the search for uniqueness according to gender variables ( males, females ), scientific title (professors – assistant professors),and specialization ( scientific – human ).
The sample consisted of (400) male and female professors from Dhi-Qar university for the academic year (20212020), for both sexes , scientific title and specialization ,to achieve the objectives of the research, measure of mastery motivation was prepared according to Robert whites theory(1959).the master motiving scale consisted of (26) and the apparent validity and construct validity were verified, and construct validity and the two methods of testing and re_testing and the reliability coefficient reached (0.082) and Cronbach’s alpha ( 0.080) . The researcher
Used the stastical methods that were calculated by the computer program ( SPSS)
The following conclusions emerged :
-The current research sample of Dhi-Qar University professors enjoys mastery motive.

Psychology is an academic and applied study of human behavior and cognition, and it is a special science of psychology. The rumor is news that spreads and is not proven in it, and the Qur’an does not explicitly mention the rumor except once, but it was mentioned in its comprehensive concept, its applications and its many indications in many situations, and the Qur’an explained its causes and motives, and the Qur’an treated this disease. He was keen on educating Muslims socially, politically and in the media to protect Islamic public opinion and immunize it from being influenced by rumors, lies and falsehoods spread by infidels, hypocrites and opponents, so He established the foundations and scales necessary for the Muslim person to be able to examine and distinguish rumors and false propaganda and stand up to them.

The theory of force majeure has a different concept in the judiciary of the French State Council from what is applied within the scope of private law, and the content of this theory, during the implementation of the contract, accidents outside the contracting parties’ control may occur that were not among their accounts at the time of the contract, or exceptional circumstances may occur that they were not able to foresee at the time Concluding the contract, and the contracting party cannot pay it that leads to the impossibility of implementing the contractual obligations, as in the case of the destruction of the subject of the contract, this is a legitimate reason for rescinding the contract by the force of law, except that under the influence of the special nature of administrative contracts, the contractor must resort to the judiciary to obtain a judgment By rescinding the contract for force majeure in the field of administrative law, which would not make the contractor’s implementation of his obligations impossible, but rather make it stressful. However, this fatigue is not temporary as required by the theory of emergency conditions, but rather it is continuous, which leads the administrative judiciary to shift from the application of the provisions of the theory of emergency conditions to the application of the idea Force majeure is that transformation that does not find application within the framework of private law.

The topic of demographic characteristics of random housing in the city of Safwan was chosen, in a population-analytical study of slums, as the study summarized the reality of random housing in the city of Safwan for the year (2021), but the time extension of the decades prior to the base year had a share in this study through the historical development of that phenomenon, The main objective of the research was to identify the demographic characteristics of slums within the basic design of the city with the aim of analyzing the reasons for its emergence and emergence in recent decades, especially after 2003, as well as highlighting the spatial variation of slums between residential neighborhoods, and discovering and determining the characteristics of this phenomenon through field study and the use of some quantitative methods It also studies the quality of life of the population in these areas and proposes alternative solutions to confront this phenomenon, The study concluded that the population of the city of Safwan (34819) people, amounting to (3189) fundamentalist housing units, equivalent to (5,465) people who live randomly with (632) housing units, which constitute a great pressure on all the facilities of service life in the city, distorting their homes. Random city urban appearance.

The study concluded that Basra International Airport has passed through three geographical locations determined by the natural and human controls represented in the land area and population gatherings. To prepare passengers during the study period and this applies to the preparation of incoming and outgoing flights, as well as its reflection on the quantities of transported goods (unloaded and loaded). Its data with Arab and foreign companies combined for the two years (2016-2017) was significant, but it later retracted it.

Referred to as the Eighth Opinion of the Advisory Board of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, for calculating compensation in accordance with Articles (75 and 76) of this Agreement.
Rapporteur: Professor John Way, Gotanda, Villanova University School of Law, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA. Adopted by the Advisory Board of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods after its twelfth meeting in Tokyo, Japan, on (15 November 2008).

It is a fact that many idioms concerning morphology have been previously explained by different scholars, but still I think there is a need for more explanation to get them understood and clarified to learners. one of these is the term ( mughalaba - overpowering) which was called by Ibn Malik as ( Beth Al mufakhera) which means that one subject or theme overcomes the second) . In this research I try to shed the light upon this ideom and collect its senses from different books and to make it clear as a reference for researchers.

This study dealt with an important aspect of the climate, which is specifically the frequency of trace rains, amounting to (0,001 mm) in Iraq. To achieve the objectives of this study, (8) climatic stations were selected distributed over the different sections of Iraq, for a period of (30) years from 1989-2019. This study depend on collecting daily rain trace data for the rainy season that extends from October to May.
The frequencies of (impact rain) decrease significantly in the northern stations, as a result of the increase in the amounts of rain in these stations, while the stations located in the central south (with a desert climate) record the highest frequencies, and on the other hand, the highest frequencies of impact rain were recorded during the long rainy seasons, By determining the nature of the relationship between the frequencies of the impact rain and the lengths of the rainy seasons, and using the Pearson correlation equation, it was found that the relationship is direct between the two variables in all stations, that is, the impact rain increases in frequency during the long rainy seasons, and in turn, the lowest frequencies were recorded during the short seasons.
The general trend of the frequency of the trace rain was to increase in recent years, as in the stations (Kirkuk, Baghdad), while it tended to decrease in the stations (Mosul, Rutba, Basra).

This study investigated the attitudes of Iraqi secondary school EFL students towards expressing themselves in the English language using idiomatic expressions. The study sample consisted of a total of 27 EFL secondary school students studying in an Iraqi secondary school in Malaysia. Qualitative research methods were used to investigate the learners' attitudes towards English idioms. Three qualitative methods (students' learning journals (dairies), focus group interviews, and classroom observation) were used to collect data in this research. The results showed that the majority of these learners have negative attitudes towards learning English idioms. In addition, they were observer to be unable to use idiomatic expressions in their classroom speaking and writing. Moreover, the results revealed there are several educational factors that had negative impacts on learners’ attitudes towards idioms. In the light of the results, the study presents some recommendations for teaching and learning idiomatic expressions.

In the name of God, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of God’s creation, Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) and upon his family and companions, and may the peace and blessings of God be upon him abundantly...
One of the greatest female figures that has passed in the history of Muslims is the personality of Mrs. Khadija (may God be pleased with her), she (may God be pleased with her) was not like any other woman of the worlds, the Almighty said (O women of the Prophet, you are not like any of the women) (1).
Rather, she was the lady of the women of the worlds, and the lady of the women of Paradise. Her name was associated with the name of the greatest man in the worlds, Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace). Khadija bint Khuwaylid was the wife of a prophet, and mother of the believers.
She (may God be pleased with her) was an example of a righteous wife who believed in her husband when people lied to him, and stood by his side in the most difficult circumstances. Thus, she deserved to be (may God be pleased with her) a minister of truth to the master of humanity, Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace). Hence the title of my research: (The Lady of the Women of the Worlds, Khadija Bint Khuwaylid (may God be pleased with her). The reason for choosing this topic was to shed light on this great personality so that she could be a role model for all peaceful women.

The research aims to study the environmental impact of the various types of paper industry (air, water, soil) in the Baghdad Governorate and its impact on the vicinity. The study community consists of three laboratories: (Taji School Supplies Laboratory) and (Iraqi Company for the Manufacture and Trade of Cartons and Their Accessories in Zafaraniya). Also (Our Tissue Factory in Jamila Industrial), environmental residues produced from these laboratories are embodied and presented to the environment in three types: The first type is liquid residues from production processes that are often discharged directly to the earth or to watercourses without treatment. The second type is the solid residue of raw material waste, such as the accumulation of paper waste, starch waste, etc. The third type is gaseous and accurate emissions into the atmosphere without treatment. Solutions, recommendations, and treatments are then proposed to avoid the negative impacts of pollution from these Factories.

This study aims to analyze the annual data of rain in Iraq from 1901 to 2015 The purpose of this study is to find out the direction of rain and its impact on the future of Iraq's surface and ground water, which negatively affected agriculture, in addition to Turkey reducing Iraq's water revenues and the evidence is the decrease in total water revenues between the two years 2010 and 2011 from (67 billion cubic meters) to (47.6 billion cubic meters) and the reason is due to the establishment of Turkish dam projects, including (Ilisu Dam), and changing the courses of rivers whose sources are in Iran and which descend into Iraq, which affected the water environment and the The levels of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the threat to the environment and the ecosystem, whether now or in the near future, through the extension of the saline tongues from the Gulf towards the areas of southern Iraq, and the loss of large areas of agricultural land and their exposure to drought and then desertification and the consequences of the foregoing The recurrence of dust storms on Iraq and the countries neighboring countries, the death of plants and living organisms, and the migration of people to neighboring countries, which makes Iraq a country unfit for life for all living creatures. The rainy season in Iraq is witnessing a delay in its occurrence due to climate change that the whole world is witnessing in addition to the lack of the amount of rain falling on Iraq. The rain data was analyzed at the level of Iraq from 1901 to 2015 and it was noted that the trend of Iraq’s rain is decreasing continuously, so it requires positive steps To protect the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the lands of Iraq from drought, restore life to dry lands, work on dredging rivers and removing plants in river courses that affect river water by absorbing water and depositing large quantities of sediments, working to improve water management in Iraq, reducing water losses and preserving On the waters of the Tigris rivers through the use of modern irrigation methods, either through rationing or through the sustainability of heavy water and its use for irrigation purposes in agriculture to ensure a water balance for Iraq through good and organized management.

Theresearch aims to examine the refusal of the Qur’an to be described by what other words describe, and to engage in the conflict that resulted from the accusation that affected the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and companions, and how the Qur’an defended those accusations with the argument and by proving the source of the message, as the idea of the polytheists in the accusation started from.

The research aims to identify thefactors that hinder women’s empowerment in economic and social activity, communicate strategies and mechanisms for empowering women, and try to come upwith recommendations and treatments that may contribute to empowering womensocially and economically. As theresearch sample consisted of (100) women who were tested in a random way, theresearch administration included the basic data for the research, the firstaxis (factors hindering women’s empowerment), and the second axis (themechanisms of economic and social empowerment), and the current researchreached some conclusions, including: There is a statistically significant correlation between the mechanismsof economic and social empowerment of women and the reduction of women'sempowerment factors. The research alsoreached to the development of some recommendations and treatments that led tothe treatment of the research problem.

The academic lesson at the University of Basra focused on the study of poetic purposes in ancient Arabic literature in master’s theses and doctoral dissertations to present them in a new way that serves the Arab heritage and researchers in the humanitarian fields.

After documentaries success in documenting the truth and exposing the reality, documentary film directors are now more keen to produce films that fit the documentary film industry, where what distinguishes one documentary from the other are what the director chooses from the available historical materials to include, and how to address it in a more cinematic approach in accordance with the event circumstances that took place in a specific place and specific time. Furthermore, paper document is the tool that the filmmakers use to document an event and in the same time a means to guide the audience towards the aimed goals by filmmakers.
This research aims at studying paper documents that are used in historical documentaries and how to utilize such documents that are the base material for this genre. The genre that is appreciated for its artistic and historical value, and in the same time it records important events in the nations’ histories; also the document is considered a tool to add credibility to such documentaries and enhance the society’s cultural and informational awareness towards the tackled issues in such documentaries.
In the first chapter, the researcher studies the methodological framework, while in the second chapter the researcher focuses on three topics: first- the ideology, the second- the paper document and third- historical documentaries.
The researcher uses descriptive and analytical approaches, then the discusses some samples of the historical documentaries trying to apply his theory.
The researcher studied two films, the first: “The Triumph of the Will” an example for the pro-theory and the second documentary “ Hitler’s Dark Methods of Manipulation- Hitler’s Propaganda Machine” for Anti-theory example.
The researcher dedicates the third chapter for analyses, conclusions, recommendations, resources and references.

The mystical text is a rich tributary to the theatrical text, benefiting it in different forms in terms of structure, pronunciation, and content. Dramatic texts are still full of mystical monuments and features, which represented a resource from which the playwright drew inspiration for his dramatic material. Therefore, the research, tagged "Features of Sufism in the theatrical texts of Frederick Dürrenmatt", which consists of four chapters, the first chapter of which dealt with the methodological framework of the research starting with the problem, which the researcher identified with the following question: What are the Sufi features in Frederick Dürenmatt's theatrical texts?

The article is devoted to a linguo-historiographic study of the problem of adaptation of lexical borrowings in the recipient language on the material of the Indo-European languages; the developments of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the adaptation of lexical borrowings in general and their functioning in particular are summarized. The general theoretical provisions of the formation of the issue of the theory of lexical borrowings and the problem of their expediency in the definition of scientists of the late 19th century - early 21st century are revealed. The question of the causes of the emergence of lexical borrowings, the functioning and development of words of foreign origin is systematized. Extralingual and intralingual causes of lexical borrowings and differential signs of formal and semantic adaptation of borrowed words in the recipient language at different levels of the language system in the works of linguists of the late 19th century - early 21st century are determined. The stages and degrees of adaptation of lexical borrowings are analyzed.

The effectiveness of the penalty in avoiding inconsistency and lack of judgments - a study within the framework of the Iraqi Code of Pleadings / article reviewing the topic

So as to prove the potentiality of drama as a substitutional and the most culturally and socially credible device for moral dissent which is broadly recognised by many researchers who claim that drama can serve as a lawful device for social and political reform. Drama and theatre can be stand in contrast to media dominion to present itself as a significant art, to address public sensitive problems which are unobtainable to the outside world. This paper assumes that drama and theatre can act a remarkable function in developing awareness against the war in Iraq by examining theatre critics’ reviews to Tim Robbins’ anti-war play ‘Embedded’. The selected play for this study examined the function of the journalists in the fighting field, and compared it with the news and viewpoints of other reporters which are shown in the general public media to examine the discrepancy between the two resources. With the play ‘Embedded’, Tim Robbins; the playwright declares his certainty in the capability of theatre and drama to be a device for political and social reform: “Theatre is an extremely responsive medium. You can engage with the news and the stories that we’re being fed that are affecting our perceptions of the world right now. I think we are living in iconographic times” (“Werner, 2003, p. 4”). This paper concludes that, with the usage of staged performance, play can supply a general viewpoint which is less restricted with the pressure of interpersonal groups or faithfulness to economic in general.

The current research, marked (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), included four chapters, the first chapter of which was devoted to clarifying the research problem, which was summarized in the possibility of answering the following question:
Is there a formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics? The first chapter also included a reference to the importance of the research and the need for it, and the identification of the most important terms. This chapter also included the aim of the research by: Knowing (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), and this chapter also included the limits of research by studying Greek artworks, within the mentioned time period.
As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework and the most important indicators, as it included two sections, the first of which concerned me with the investigation of diversity at the level of the external form and the most important types of Greek ceramics, and the second with the study of technical diversity. The research sample and its selection method with the sample analysis tool and defining the research method (descriptive approach) and then analyzing the research sample consisting of (3) models, while the fourth chapter is devoted to reviewing the results, conclusions and recommendations, and the most important results are:
Among the most important findings of this study:
1. Diversity in these ceramic works is divided into two main parts:
A- This, in turn, is also divided into two parts: 1. Diversity at the level of the external shape, as is clear on all samples of the sample 2. Diversity at the level of execution of the shapes that adorn the surfaces of the ceramic pots and which are in harmony with the surface of the ceramics to cover the largest possible number of the legendary story executed on the surfaces of the ceramics Greek.
B - Diversity on the technical level, which the Greek potter used in a different way on each type of ceramics to suit the nature and subject matter of the executed form.
The most important conclusions:
1. The accumulation of knowledge that expands through the diversity of tools and structural aspects of each cognitive achievement, so it is transformed from one site to another through its openness and by virtue of the mechanisms of analysis and rebuilding on new creative texts and a variety of cognitive and constructivist tools, and that transformation does not move except on the condition of endless research and experimentation in Cognitive systems and aesthetic disputes about form, content and style.
Followed by recommendations and suggestions, a list of sources and references.

The current research, marked (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), included four chapters, the first chapter of which was devoted to clarifying the research problem, which was summarized in the possibility of answering the following question:
Is there a formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics? The first chapter also included a reference to the importance of the research and the need for it, and the identification of the most important terms. This chapter also included the aim of the research by: Knowing (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), and this chapter also included the limits of research by studying Greek artworks, within the mentioned time period.
As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework and the most important indicators, as it included two sections, the first of which concerned me with the investigation of diversity at the level of the external form and the most important types of Greek ceramics, and the second with the study of technical diversity. The research sample and its selection method with the sample analysis tool and defining the research method (descriptive approach) and then analyzing the research sample consisting of (3) models, while the fourth chapter is devoted to reviewing the results, conclusions and recommendations, and the most important results are:
Among the most important findings of this study:
1. Diversity in these ceramic works is divided into two main parts:
A- This, in turn, is also divided into two parts: 1. Diversity at the level of the external shape, as is clear on all samples of the sample 2. Diversity at the level of execution of the shapes that adorn the surfaces of the ceramic pots and which are in harmony with the surface of the ceramics to cover the largest possible number of the legendary story executed on the surfaces of the ceramics Greek.
B - Diversity on the technical level, which the Greek potter used in a different way on each type of ceramics to suit the nature and subject matter of the executed form.
The most important conclusions:
1. The accumulation of knowledge that expands through the diversity of tools and structural aspects of each cognitive achievement, so it is transformed from one site to another through its openness and by virtue of the mechanisms of analysis and rebuilding on new creative texts and a variety of cognitive and constructivist tools, and that transformation does not move except on the condition of endless research and experimentation in Cognitive systems and aesthetic disputes about form, content and style.
Followed by recommendations and suggestions, a list of sources and references.

The current research, marked (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), included four chapters, the first chapter of which was devoted to clarifying the research problem, which was summarized in the possibility of answering the following question:
Is there a formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics? The first chapter also included a reference to the importance of the research and the need for it, and the identification of the most important terms. This chapter also included the aim of the research by: Knowing (formal and technical diversity in the products of Greek ceramics), and this chapter also included the limits of research by studying Greek artworks, within the mentioned time period.
As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework and the most important indicators, as it included two sections, the first of which concerned me with the investigation of diversity at the level of the external form and the most important types of Greek ceramics, and the second with the study of technical diversity. The research sample and its selection method with the sample analysis tool and defining the research method (descriptive approach) and then analyzing the research sample consisting of (3) models, while the fourth chapter is devoted to reviewing the results, conclusions and recommendations, and the most important results are:
Among the most important findings of this study:
1. Diversity in these ceramic works is divided into two main parts:
A- This, in turn, is also divided into two parts: 1. Diversity at the level of the external shape, as is clear on all samples of the sample 2. Diversity at the level of execution of the shapes that adorn the surfaces of the ceramic pots and which are in harmony with the surface of the ceramics to cover the largest possible number of the legendary story executed on the surfaces of the ceramics Greek.
B - Diversity on the technical level, which the Greek potter used in a different way on each type of ceramics to suit the nature and subject matter of the executed form.
The most important conclusions:
1. The accumulation of knowledge that expands through the diversity of tools and structural aspects of each cognitive achievement, so it is transformed from one site to another through its openness and by virtue of the mechanisms of analysis and rebuilding on new creative texts and a variety of cognitive and constructivist tools, and that transformation does not move except on the condition of endless research and experimentation in Cognitive systems and aesthetic disputes about form, content and style.
Followed by recommendations and suggestions, a list of sources and references.

The base of criticism from which Nietzsche started was not based on being influenced by the classical philosophies or the philosophies of the Enlightenment and the Renaissance, and the great ideologies they produced. Intellectual procedures he had, as a result of his previous influence on metaphysical philosophies and their nihilistic moments, and he concluded through his study, that knowledge is achieved by destroying previous knowledge on us, and building new knowledge, based on the directness of nature and life.

Social life has manifestations and forms diverse , all with different colors give a description and translation of a standard of living country and its endemic categories starting with rich rulers and even the smallest class of the general community or the people , whether negatively or positively , the era of the Mamluk state in Egypt replete with so many forms of this diversity in both parts , history books or sources , which historically many of them as enough and helps to draw a clear picture of their age and levels of opulence and spending the category of rulers and also their celebrations , decorations dress and the ways of their eating for all classes , which difficulty abbreviate with a simple search to convey the idea .

Delegation means that the administrative person, by virtue of a decision, entrusts some of his powers that he derives from the law to another administrative person to exercise them without referring to him, while remaining responsible for those delegated powers.
This research deals with cases in which a constitutional authority or institution delegates some of its constitutional competence granted to it in the 2005 Iraqi constitution to another authority, and the constitutional mandate in the 2005 Iraqi constitution can be a legislative mandate and it can be executive.
Legislative mandate means that Parliament is the owner of the inherent right to legislate, delegating the executive authority to issue decisions that have the force of the law itself. The legislative mandate is limited only to the House of Representatives, because the Federation Council did not stipulate its competencies in the constitution.
The positions of the constitutions of states regarding the regulation of constitutional power varied, as the French Constitution of 1958, the Egyptian Constitution of 1971, the amended Constitution of 2012 and its amendments of 2014 explicitly stipulated the power to issue delegating regulations by the executive authority, while the Iraqi constitution of 2005 did not include a text The same, whether explicitly or implicitly.