Diyala Journal of Human Research

The need to regulate land use within the urban space has doubled, and this need is driven by the increase in the population and their ambition to obtain a high level of quality of life, which requires that urban space planning be sound and sustainable through the signing of service projects to be available and of high quality to all residents of the urban space. The cellular communications service was one of the most important services that provides many requirements that are inevitable for daily use, such as voice communications, text messaging, mobile Internet, geographical location services and remote control, which motivated the researcher to study the geographical analysis of the distribution of cellular communications towers in the city of Khalis.
To guide urban planning, the study aimed to construct a spatial suitability model to predict the geographical distribution of cellular communication towers in the cities of Al-Khalis district until the year 2030. This was based on a set of criteria closely related to the construction of cellular communication towers. The cartographic modeling resulted in 22% of Al-Khalis city's land being suitable for tower construction, while the percentage of moderately suitable land reached 67%. In contrast, unsuitable land constituted 11% of Al-Khalis city's total area.

The importance of educational services for any society reflects the extent of the country's economic and social development, as it is one of the basic necessities of the population. This aspect has gained great importance in many countries, as the development of educational services is evidence of the country's ability to achieve economic and social development, and for society to perform its functions with high efficiency. This matter requires a fair spatial distribution of educational services in a way that is compatible with the population density in the city’s sectors. The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of educational services and the level of their capabilities for the local population. For this purpose, the study is divided into three main parts. The first axis is a study of the distribution of educational services in the study area. The second axis is an analysis of the spatial efficiency of educational services in the study area, while the third axis comes under the title: Analysis of the functional efficiency of educational services.

This research deals with the phenomenon of begging, which has become one of the dangerous phenomena that has repercussions and tragic dimensions on the upbringing of the rising generations in our society. The aim of the study was to identify the causes of begging and the spatial variation of the phenomenon of begging in the study area and the negative effects that this phenomenon has. Among the most important results of the research it appears that The vast majority of beggars are displaced people who migrated to the city of Baqubah. The percentage of beggars in the city’s markets reached 41%, and the percentage of female beggars was 80%. The study recommended a number of recommendations, including reducing the phenomenon of displacement, establishing controls and necessary procedures, and the need to focus on activating anti-displacement campaigns.

The Ottoman-French dispute remained unresolved and persisted until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. The Ottoman Empire continued to grant nationality to immigrants, possibly motivated by a fear of French intervention in the affairs of Syria and Lebanon under the pretext of protecting French citizens. Meanwhile, France prohibited immigration in the late nineteenth century and established committees to study the reasons for Algerian migration, especially to the Levant. France attempted to gain political advantages in Syria and Lebanon by claiming that Algerian immigrants were its subjects. However, the immigrants themselves did not accept being under French protection, and they were hesitant to accept Ottoman nationality. This reluctance was influenced by their sons' conscription into the Ottoman army, especially considering the ongoing conflicts, particularly with Russia during that period. In response, the Ottoman state provided concessions, exempting their sons from military service for a period and granting them agricultural lands. As a result, the Ottoman Empire succeeded in winning the support of the majority of Algerian immigrants. Nevertheless, France continued to create difficulties for the Ottoman Empire, persisting even into World War I.

Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad Al-Zourili, nicknamed Al-Saghir, is considered one of the most prominent Moroccan jurists during the era of the Banu Marin, and one of the leaders on whom fatwas were issued during his lifetime. He is one of the prominent figures of the Maliki school of thought and the Maliki school in the Arab Maghreb. He studied under the most prominent jurists and scholars of his time, and left students who wrote down what he left behind in writings. One of the most prominent things that he wrote down and collected by his students is the restriction on the Maliki Collection. They also collected his answers in blogs. The jurist Abu al-Hasan al-Saghir enjoyed the attention and care of the Banu Marin. He was appointed to important positions in the Marinid state, such as the judiciary of Fez and Taza, and was sent to the Banu Al-Ahmar embassy in Andalusia. In addition to the teaching profession, his gathering in Al-Azda’ Mosque (Al-Asda’) was attended by the best students and jurists. Some of the princes of the Marinid state attended his council. Many contemporary scholars and jurists praised him, describing him as “the imam, the wise leader, the sheikh of Islam, the jurist, the memorizer, the proof and role model.” He had the time to explain and evaluate the Maliki Collection, and he was one of the most prominent jurists of the Maliki school of thought in the Maghreb.

The Wahhabi attacks that struck the residents of the southern and western deserts of Iraq had their share in academic studies that conveyed to us some of what befell the latter, including the calamities that caused the clans to suffer property losses, followed by more important losses that affected lives and claimed the lives of many innocent people of all races and age groups .
This created the motivation for us to search into the secrets of Iraqi and British reports and documents to notice what happened to the tribes of Iraq’s southern provinces, and in particular what happened to its nomadic tribes that traveled towards the southern desert in search of pasture and water. This was the starting point for the title of our research on that, entitled (Wahhabi invasions of the desert). Southern Iraq and its impact on the relationship between the two countries (Iraq - Saudi Arabia 1922-1930 Documentary study).
The research came out with an introduction and two sections, the first of which was titled (The first outbreak of the Wahhabi attacks after the formation of the interim Iraqi government that followed the formation of its kingdom 1921-1925), as we addressed those attacks in light of two important events. The first was the formation of the Iraqi government after the establishment of his kingdom, which promoted the decision-makers in the kingdom. Najd and the reservation, which believed in its right to control the lands occupied by the Kingdom of Iraq. As for the second event that represented the end of the time period of the study, it was the launch of the first legislative institution in Iraq, which took upon itself the responsibility of making laws and ratifying the treaties and agreements through which it tried to consolidate and demarcate the borders between the two neighbors to preserve Good neighborly relationship despite its limitations.
The second section came under the title (The increase in attacks on Iraqi tribes and the failure of the British mandated side to provide protection from 1926-1930). The study came to complete what we discussed in the first section, based on the first most important treaty that confirmed the subordination of the Mosul Brigade to Iraq, which made the tribes of that brigade return their subordination to Iraq. This treaty strengthened confidence in the Iraqi government, which sought to demarcate its southern borders and take charge of the tasks in defending its lands by increasing the number of military garrisons, which somewhat guaranteed the ethnic tribes’ freedom of movement in the southern desert despite the continued Wahhabi threat.

Speech acts constitute an important trend in linguistic studies, and are considered the nucleus of all pragmatic research. They are based on an idea whose foundation is that language is not communication, but rather it is the foundation for bringing about change in reality, and it is accomplished by actions based on words uttered. Thus, the science of linguistics turned to studying language and its rules in two different directions. The first studies language. As a closed structure and system separated from external contexts and studying language in and of itself, this trend is represented in the structural linguistics of its pioneer Ferdinand de Saussure and its branches.
The second studies the language in terms of its use within linguistic and non-linguistic contexts and its impact on the success of the communication and communication process. It focuses on the relationship of the sender and the addressee. This trend is represented by social and pragmatic linguistics. The latter is the focus of our study because it examines the central core of pragmatics and one of its pillars, which is the theory of speech acts that appeared at the hands of John Lincoln Austin, and was developed by his student John Searle. The proponents of this theory believe that when the speaker pronounces a speech, he accomplishes an event or a speech act. The Arabs have touched on This idea is addressed in the topics of news and construction, especially in the position and purposes of the speaker. The noble Prophet’s hadith is considered the best record in which speech acts are embodied after the Holy Qur’an. That is why the title of our study was: Which I studied: In (The Book of Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers by al-Nawawi ).

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of using the method. Hayes in the achievement and development of creative thinking among female students. Specifically, in the subject of history, and to verify the aim of the research, the researcher adopted. The partial experimental design with the experimental and Hanabati groups, and with two applications, pre- and post-test. The research sample (Al-Hawraa Preparatory School for Girls) was chosen randomly from the research population, which was represented by secondary school and preparatory day school students in Diyala Governorate, the center of Al-Khalis district, and two subjects (A and B) were found in it with a total of (48) A female student, who applied the experiment in the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023). The researcher statistically calculated the two groups in the following variables, age in months, educational attainment of the parents, choosing to seek refuge in Raven, and the pre-creative thinking test) in addition to the other variables for the sake of the integrity of the research. Regarding the research tools, the researcher prepared two research tools, which were represented by academic popcorn. The second tool was accepted by adopting the Thorans creative thinking test prepared by Mr. Khairallah. After applying the two research tools and analyzing the results statistically using the second test for two independent, equal samples, the results showed the superiority of the female students of the experimental group. The students in the control group who were taught the Hayes method were taught the traditional method in the loading tests and the development of post-creative thinking. In light of the results of the survey, the researcher came up with some conclusions and presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

This research aims to explore the aesthetics of discourse in the poem "Al-Mawakib," one of the timeless works of the brilliant writer Gibran Khalil Gibran. The focus of the study revolves around analyzing the aesthetic elements of poetic discourse in this poem, categorizing the analysis into three main levels: the rhythmic level, the structural level, and the semantic level.
At the rhythmic level, the research delves into the internal music aesthetics of the poem, examining the impact of repetition, whispered and voiced letters on the rhythmic flow of the poetic text. These aspects are elucidated through several poetic examples extracted from "Al-Mawakib."
On the structural level, emphasis is placed on the aesthetics of presentation and delay, as well as the structural and informational analysis of the poem regarding its construction and narrative elements. This analysis is presented through illustrative examples derived directly from the poem.
As for the semantic level, the research focuses on the aesthetics of figurative, metaphorical, and symbolic imagery, with a concentration on antithetical dualities. The semantic elements are analyzed drawing on the principles of rhetoric and grammar, shedding light on how these elements interact with the data of aesthetics.
Overall, the research is characterized by a detailed and in-depth examination of the aesthetics of poetic discourse in the poem "Al-Mawakib," aiming to comprehend the mystery behind these aesthetics by drawing on advanced principles of rhetoric, grammar, and aesthetics.

Achievement motivation is one of the basic conditions upon which achieving the goal of the education process depends in any of its many fields, whether in teaching thinking styles and methods or forming attitudes, inclinations and values and acquiring cognitive and skill experiences. Therefore, it can be noted that the learner’s behavior is characterized by activity and desire for situations, And that his interests may be clear in some situations and not in others, all of this is due to the level of the learner’s motivation to practice the behavior in these situations and not in others, as this idea was born in the researcher’s mind such that it raised the following question:
What is the motivation for achievement and its contributions to implementing the elements of artistic work in light of the Corona pandemic among students of the Institute of Fine Arts?
Since the current research aims to reveal achievement motivation in the subject of elements of artistic work in light of the Corona pandemic, therefore (the researcher) adopted the experimental approach in designing her research procedures as it is the most appropriate scientific method to achieve the research goal.
The research community consists of students in the first grades of the (Fine Arts) branch of the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls / affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Diyala / Baqubah for the academic year 2022/2023, amounting to (59) students distributed in the branches (Drawing by 26 students) - (Sculpture by 11 students ) - (Ceramics, with 22 female students), since the subject of the elements of artistic work is prescribed for students in the first stage, therefore a purposive sample of female students in th

The Bandung Conference, held from April 18 to 25, 1955, in Indonesia, was the first international conference in which Japan participated after it gained independence in September 1951. Therefore, the conference constituted an important and unique opportunity for Japan to restore its relations with its regional surroundings, especially in Southeast Asia, which Relations with it were in a state of disagreement and finality due to the Japanese expansionist policy in those countries during World War II. In addition, the Bandung Conference represented an opportunity for Japan to pursue an independent foreign policy and assert its national sovereignty.
The research reached a number of results, including reversing the disagreement within Japanese political circles over the Japanese participation in the Bandung Conference. Disagreement entered Japanese political circles over the course of Japanese foreign policy. The Japanese delegation at the Bandung Conference also adopted a conservative policy whose goal was behind the consensus among the participating countries with the aim of making the conference a success and not... Allowing the conference to turn into a field of conflict and disagreement between the participating countries. Although Japan’s role in the Bandung Conference was limited, one should not ignore the importance of the conference for Japan in improving and developing its relations with Asian countries and opening channels of communication with those countries

I have stood in this study on the ( natural structures ) and what is contaniting to it in AL – Hadith in AL – Bukharys book . and I have intended to alphatical order to be easy to study and I mentioned how many times it been mentioned with out these which have been mentioned before and I studied the dictionary semantiees at these words through the dictionavies then I treiced in AL – Hadith .
In this study there are multi reference according to what the students needs in explaining the senantics of these words so I ‘ ve used

The study of valley basins is one of the geomorphological studies that have received significant attention from researchers in various fields. This is due to the fact that they constitute a natural hydrological system with numerous phenomena that pique researchers' interest and contribute to elucidating the relationship between various natural factors.
Geomorphic features and processes are influenced by a variety of natural factors, both in intensity and their relative contributions to shaping the landforms and processes in different environments around the globe, whether in ancient or modern times.
Among these processes with the greatest impact are tectonic processes, which give rise to various landforms, including linear structures. Since the research area is one of the regions in Iraq that is heavily influenced by tectonic movements (the fault and fold region), it directly affects the determination of surface landforms and the types of processes therein. One of the most notable features is the drainage network, which can be influenced in its orientation and lengths by linear structures, as well as by the direction of weathering and sedimentation in response to the orientation and lengths of the drainage network.Consequently, it becomes possible to identify stable and unstable locations by measuring their proximity or distance from these linear structures. This information contributes to raising awareness among the inhabitants of these areas and protecting them from potential risks

The research aims to shed light on the events of the political role of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, and its impact on blocking the internal political situation in the country, as the Khmer Rouge carried out a series of attacks during the period (1989-1993) against the Cambodian government forces led by President Hun Sen. The Khmer Rouge aimed at gaining power in the country, as well as gaining legitimacy for their party, trying to drive foreign forces out of Cambodia, and ending the support they were receiving in Cambodia.
Keywords: Pul Pot, Khmer Rouge, Cambodia

The research includes the verification of the sixth chapter (on the meaning of reward, punishment, responsibility, sin, and resurrection) from the book 'Al-Ishtiqaaq wa Sharh al-Sifat min Kalaam al-Ulamaa' wa Lughat al-Fudhaa' by Abu Abdullah al-Sabahi (4th century Hijri). The research begins with a brief introduction, emphasizing the significance of the book as an advanced work on derivation and its methodology of verification. Following the introduction is an illustration of the start and end of the chapter from the manuscript, followed by the verified text. The conclusion summarizes the key findings, followed by footnotes that include the sources and references used in the verification.

Professor Ibrahim Khalil Al-Allaf was not a rigid, traditional, classical teacher. Rather, he was a distinguished and sophisticated professor in his thought, methodology, principles, method of research and teaching, and this is evident in many fields, including the field of authorship. His exact specialization is modern history, as he is a local guide, then a patriotic Iraqi, an Arab nationalist, and a comprehensive humanist.
Professor Ibrahim Khalil Al-Allaf has made a clear contribution to highlighting and documenting the biographies of many Iraqi historians and archaeologists. He wrote about a large number of them (400) historians in his encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Contemporary Iraqi Historians), as well as his blog (Dr. Ibrahim Al-Allaf’s blog). As well as from the websites in which he writes or from paper newspapers, including, for example, (Iraq Boy) Mosuliya newspaper, and Al-Mada newspaper Al-Baghdadiyya.
Therefore, we find that Dr. Al-Allaf's writings and contributions to historical writing include different aspects of modern and contemporary history, and he spares no effort in confirming the historian's need for auxiliary sciences, including: economics, sociology, philosophy and statistics. He was also distinguished by writing many press articles, more than (700) articles covering various aspects (religious, political, social, cultural and economic).

The branches of geoscience are heavily dependent on Gis for their ability to process, analyze and retrieve information in addition to the possibility of updating and linking it to each other, as the research relied on the use of spatial analysis methodology through the use of spatial analysist tools in building a spatial appropriateness model for recreational service sites in Baquba city for , With the identification of appropriate standards for each service and the identification of weights that fit each service with the application of steps to implement spatial appropriateness, and several results emerged, including the presence of suitable spatial sites for the establishment of recreational services concentrated in the northwest and southwest parts by a large percentage because it contains empty land and green spaces, and parts of the neighborhoods (Yarmouk I, Yarmouk II, The industrial complex) because it is far from the current service sites it is not serviced and parts on both sides of the Diyala River, while the inappropriate sites were concentrated in parts of the neighborhoods (first liberation, the first tactic, the second tikake, saray, teachers, Baquba al-Jadida junction, Mustafa, lip) where most services are concentrated.

The research aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of Vo Nguyen Giap, the Commander-in-Chief of the Vietnamese People’s Army, who held the position of Vietnamese Defense Minister, and resisted the American occupation of his country for many years then managed to liberate the southern part of Vietnam. Later, Giap succeeded in liberating his entire country from the American occupation which suffered for several years from foreign domination, and the mechanism of that control led to the division of the country into two parts and under two governments, one in the north and the other in the south. After a long struggle of resistance and struggle, Giap and the Vietnamese military leaders and their soldiers were able to unite the two parts into one communist state on April 30, 1975.

This research is concerned with studying (the pronoun reference) as it is the most important grammatical cause of ambiguity in some poetic models. The reference to the pronoun is absent, which makes the recipient wonder who the poet is addressing? And to what does the conscience return? Who is the unknown you want to know? All these questions constitute the ambiguity and ambiguity of the meaning due to the reference of the pronoun

The paper dealt with the role of The Republican People's Party (CHP) in the senate and municipal elections from 1977 to 1979. The CHP stressed the importance of these elections, so its interest in it was no less than that of the general elections. The party has, therefore, put forward a plan of action and a successful program for the 1977 senate and municipal elections because it was planning to form a government and that if it won the elections, it would be able to form the government. Indeed, the party succeeded in its plans and formed the government, but the party did not invest its success in addressing the deteriorating situation at that time. This has led to its loss in the elections of the Senates in 1979, which led to the resignation of the People's Party government.

This research talks in general about the words that were mentioned in the prophetic messages and that indicated social reform, because of its great importance in achieving safety and reassurance for individuals in general. It has great importance in reforming behavior and worship, and reforming educational thought, with clarification of the principles. And the rules upon which the Islamic religion was built while spreading it among the people.
Social reform is important to modify behavior, and therefore this will have a positive impact on clarifying what the Islamic religion aims to achieve.

The science of grammar is one of the most important sciences that preserved the rules of the Arabic language, its laws and foundations, especially after the entry of non-Arabs into Arabic, the mixing of the Arabic tongue with the non-Arab tongue, and the spread of melody. As Arabic scholars have tried hard in various ways to preserve the Arabic language by establishing rules related to eloquence, by collecting the language from the mouths of the Arabic speakers and setting spatial and temporal rules and conditions for taking the language, and this resulted in a huge grammatical heritage, and the beginnings of this grammatical heritage were compilation; As the preoccupation of grammarians was the collection of grammatical material, and their interest was not tabulation or setting limits for grammatical terms, and it seems that the beginning of interest in grammatical limits was in the fourth century when the regions appeared, and the first grammatical book specialized in borders appeared to us, which is (Hudud fi grammar) by Al-Ramani, Therefore, the researcher decided to study the grammatical limits of one of the scholars of the seventh century, namely Diaa al-Din Ibn al-Alaj in his book (Al-Basit fi al-Nahw) By (the grammatical limit of Ibn Al-Alaj in his simple book on grammar) .
The nature of the research required that it be on issues, preceded by a summary and an introduction, followed by a conclusion, a list of the most important sources and references, and a summary in English

This study aims to explain how the two states of unity, Egypt and Syria, became under the name (of the United Arab Republic) for the period from 1958 to 1961, i.e. the reasons for the establishment of the United Arab Republic under the leadership of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, and how the positions of the deputies of Mount Lebanon differed regarding the delay in Lebanon's official recognition of the republic. Some MPs of Mount Lebanon criticized the Lebanese government's delay in supporting the unity state because Lebanon shares history, goals and common interests. While sone of the parliamentarians of Mount Lebanon supported the delay in the Lebanese official recognition of the establishment of the unity state, given that every people has the right to self-determination. It is not possible for a country to interfere in the affairs of another country to preserve the interest of the people of this country. The study showed the positions of the deputies of Mount Lebanon on the establishment of the United Arab Republic. The study explained the factors that facilitated the process of secession of the two states in 1961.

This research paper aims at studying the expressions used by fourth century scientists that can approach the concept of linguistic analysis to poetry terms used nowadays . To this, the research tackled the following topics (elucidation, explanation, clarification, unfolding, interpretation, translation and/ parsing) and their linguistic significances trying to clarify the significance of its uses to the scientists in their explicit expressions about their meaning contents and their direct use when they start analyzing the poetry linguistically.

The argumentative factors play an important role in directing the argumentative event to the argumentative result by providing the requirements that help to demonstrate the result. The task of the argumentative factors is not limited to what was mentioned, but rather they also remove confusion about the purpose of the argumenter, thus helping him to convince the recipient of his argument, and the work of the argumentative factors. It cannot be understood except by reaching the result that the arguer or speaker wants to direct to the recipient, seeking thus to achieve the principle of persuasion and change and bring about change in the thought or behavior of the recipient. Therefore, argumentative factors have a large and important role in achieving the argumentative approach. The verses of action are distinguished, and among these places is the pilgrimage based on thinking, reasoning, and argumentation to achieve divine purposes. The Qur’anic discourse is a pilgrimage discourse, and it employs many methods to influence the opinions and behavior of the addressees, and among these methods is the method of shortening, and among them is shortening the pronoun of the chapter to fulfill pilgrimage purposes and purposes (limitation, specialization, and emphasis). It plays an important role in directing the recipient towards the desired destination, and restricting all other interpretations, in addition to the eloquence of brevity in the speech, and this is one of the arts of Quranic miracle

Park Chung-Hee assumed the rule of the Republic of South Korea as a result of his military coup on May 16, 1961. During the first years of his rule, Chung- Hee was able to advance the country politically and economically, due to some external and internal variables that pushed his rule to official tyranny, as he resorted to increasing pressure on the people and disrupting democracy, especially in 1979, which eventually led to his assassination on October 26 of that year, so the Korean people looked forward to the democracy they had always dreamed of. However, the country soon entered a period of political turmoil as a result of the military coups wrought by the army under the leadership of Major General Chun Doo-Hwan, which put an end to the aspirations of the democratic movement.

The study area is rich in water resources (precipitation, surface and groundwater), which represent one of the most important natural resources directly related to human life. The total water requirement for domestic use of the study area’s population is (729175950) billion L/year.The total annual water requirements of agricultural crops reached (41453951314)m3. The totalquantity required for animal needs is (3012678)m3/year. Water resources in the study area are vulnerable to a set of issues, including drought brought on by the fluctuation of annual rainfall, which peaked in the southern region at Makhmour station (47.93%). The population increased to (2254422) people, which led to an increase in demand for water. According to the study, (69.1%)of the study area is suitable for the process of water harvesting, which aids in the investment of water through the building of dams and locations for water collecting. There are a number of water projects on which the region's residents depend, totaling up to (2584) projects.
Keywords :investment, water resources, management, water harvesting.

The current research aims to identify the level of intellectual immunity and academic advancement among distinguished students and their ordinary peers in secondary education. The study investigates whether there is a statistically significant difference between distinguished and ordinary students concerning intellectual immunity and academic advancement. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the Intellectual Immunity Scale (Al-Shammari, 2020), consisting of 43 items. Additionally, a scale for academic advancement was constructed based on Martin and Marsh's theory (Martin & Marsh, 2009), with the final scale comprising 20 items. The psychometric properties, including face validity, reliability, and construct validity, were verified for both scales.
The scales were then applied to a research sample of 200 male and female secondary school students selected randomly from a center in Diyala Governorate. Data analysis involved statistical methods such as the t-test for a single sample, t-test for two independent samples, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
The results indicate that secondary school students exhibit intellectual immunity and academic advancement. No statistically significant difference was found between distinguished and ordinary students in terms of intellectual immunity and academic advancement. However, there is a statistically significant difference between males and females in terms of intellectual immunity, with no significant difference based on the variable of academic advancement. The research also identifies a negative correlation between intellectual immunity and academic advancement

Religious services in the city of Qala'idza are considered one of the most important service functions in the city of Qala'idza, which is represented by its religious institutions, mosques, hospice, cemeteries, and a funeral hall. Religious services in the city of Qala'idza have been linked since its inception to the rest of the services, and the religious institutions of worship and service have varied in quality, quantity, and area in the residential neighborhoods of large size. There are (17) neighborhoods, distributed among religious services, which numbered (65) religious institutions, with the largest share being mosques.
The study aims to identify the geographical distribution of religious services in the city of Qalaidza and determine the extent of their efficiency. The sample was extracted based on the GIS program.
As a result of this research and analysis of the data, we obtained some new data about religious services in the city of Qaladzeh, and the most important types of religious service there are mosques, cemeteries, and hospice, the most famous of which are mosques (57), cemeteries (4), and hospice (4), and the division of mosque services is a rare part, and the types Other religious services Muslims rarely watch. Services are linked to Islam, and the Kurdistan Regional Government works in accordance with the provisions for religious services in the region. The region, especially the new neighborhoods, reorganizing these services in the city, especially mosque services, which are increasing, and raising the level of awareness among religious teachers about religious services and their impact on society.

The current research aims to know “the effect of McFarland’s strategy on developing creative thinking among fifth-grade students in science، as the researcher used the experimental design with two equal groups، one experimental and the other controlling، and the sample size reached (34 ) students، the researcher paid parity between the two research groups. In a number of variables، and to achieve the goal، the researcher prepared a test of creative thinking، which was characterized by honesty and reliability، and after processing the data statistically using the T-test for two independent samples، the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the test. Creative thinking in favor of the experimental group.

This study explores the phenomenon of narrative closure in the post-apocalyptic novels of Cormac McCarthy and Colson Whitehead, namely The Road and Zone One. However, this study does not seek to find out whether there is narrative closure in the post-apocalyptic novels of these two novelists. It instead seeks to uncover the exact textual mechanisms that operate in such narratives to fashion or deny closure at the level of plot structure and show how these novelists subvert narrative closure to destabilize the re-invention of humanity to mount a critique on the liberal ideologies that shape the intellectual horizons of the early twenty-first century America that produced them.

The purpose of this study is to provide insight into old myths and mythologies by focusing on the poetic image of "Rebirth" from various points of view by analyzing the interpretations and references to which two distinct cultures, Arab and American, in contemporary poetry. This image will be investigated by examining the poetry writings of many poets from both cultures. Poems written by poets will be selected depending on the legendary figures of Tammuz, Adonis, Christ's Rebirth, Icarus, the Phoenix, and mythical creatures to express their viewpoints and demonstrate their creative worth in order to warn people to transform their present reality into a better one. Poets from the Arab world, such as Adunis and Yousuf El-Khal, and poets from America, such as Edward Fields and Leslie Marmon Silko attempted to connect Arabs and Americans in the present situation to the reader by conveying a metaphysical search to portray their suffering and optimism and to find an exile to enhance the dominant situations.

The border conflict between Iraq and Kuwait and the border problem is one of the clear problems after the European countries took control of the Arab countries after the loss of the Ottoman Empire and the disintegration of its mini-states, as those countries found an opportunity to colonize the losing countries and control their natural and human resources and put them at the mercy of colonialism. When those countries were divided by artificial borders, they did not these countries take into account the interests of the people as much as they look for their own interests. As a result of the division, several problems emerged in more than one country, as the borders between the countries were changed more than once after independence was achieved during the last century, and the problems are still present until now. Including the problems the land borders between Iraq and Kuwait. In this research, we will discuss the geographical effects of Security Council Resolution No. 833 in 1993, which stipulated the demarcation of the borders of between Iraq and the Kuwait.