Journal of The Iraqi University

Research Summary
Praise be to God. We praise Him, seek His help, and seek His forgiveness. We seek refuge in God from the evils of ourselves and from the evils of our deeds. Whoever God guides, none can lead astray, and whoever He misleads, none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no god but God alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
There is no doubt that the sciences are honored by the honor of their subjects, and the most honorable sciences are those related to the most honorable subject, which is the Holy Qur’an. The Arabs are an illiterate nation. They did not have a book before the Qur’an, and they had no knowledge or sciences to mention, except for some knowledge of genealogy, physiognomy, horoscope, and astrology. , Al-Anwā’, Qasāt Al-Atār, and poetry, which was the record of their lives and the record of their experiences and experiments. The Great Qur’an was their starting point for knowledge and science, and their means of doing so. It was the first thing revealed from the Qur’an
The first thing God created was the pen, and He commanded it to write down what is to come until the Day of Resurrection. In the previous verse, there is an explanation of the source of knowledge, and that it is from God Almighty, and that is enough of an honor for knowledge and its people. In the verse, there is also evidence that it is in the nature of man that he does not know until he teaches it. God Almighty. Therefore, I wanted to research the topic of knowledge in the Holy Qur’an because of the great importance of this topic.

Abstract:
The importance of studying the terms of immorality in the Holy Qur’an stems from the ignorance of this term among many contemporaries. This term had previously been a cause of dispute between the Kharijites, the Mu’tazila, and the Murji’ah, and this dispute still exists among some contemporaries, who have placed doctrinal, jurisprudential, and moral implications on it.One of the reasons for this disagreement is the generality of the term immorality, as it is a general term that includes disbelief, major sins, and transgressions. Some of them interpreted the meaning to its most serious connotations, and some of them were complacent and interpreted it to its simplest meanings

Summary
The numerical miracle is one of the aspects of the miracle contained in the Holy Qur’an, and it is as old as the emergence of multiple interpretation books. Opinions and attitudes differed between supporters and opponents of this type of interpretation and numerical miracle. View evidence for each direction and balance between them

Abstract:
This research is entitled: “The approach of Imam Ibn Abi Maryam in his book clarified on the faces of readings and their reasons, an analytical study”.It dealt with the book Al-Muwaffid, Ibn Abi Maryam’s approach to studying and directing Qur’anic recitations, the way he presented the sciences of Tajweed and grammar, and the book’s place among the recitation books. The research consisted of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it presented an aspect of the author’s life and an overview of the author. The first section was entitled “ The approach of Ibn Abi Maryam in his illustrated book”, Below it came his approach to the science of Tajweed, his approach to mentioning the imams of recitations and their narrators, his approach to the science of recitations, his approach to grammar and morphology, its sources, and its impact on those after him. Then came the second section on Ibn Abi Maryam’s choices in recitations and grammar, then the conclusion, which contains the most important results and recommendations. One of the most important results was that Imam Ibn Abi Maryam differentiates between the face and the argument, and sometimes he expresses the face with the vowel, and he expresses it in his book, especially in his title, using the words face and the vowel, and that his style in presenting the material is educational, taking into account the levels of the students and taking into account the study of readings in the country, and that in Grammar according to the visual doctrine

Research Summary:
The research dealt with a topic in the topics that Al-Hafiz Ibn Hibban dealt with in the Book of Trustworthy Persons with the term “very straight hadith.” He treated it absolutely as “straight in hadith” in a large number of narrators، and restricted in some narrators and with different wording، so he says “the matter is straight in hadith” and “the matter is straight in hadith.” “Upright in the hadith if there is trustworthy below it،” and “upright in the hadith if there is trustworthy above and below it،” and “upright in the hadith on the authority of trustworthy narrators،” and “upright in the hadith despite its few sources،” and other terms that he mentioned in describing some of the narrators، restricted to him، and this shows the accuracy of the critical scholars in their description. The narrators have been wounded and modified، so I wanted in this research to explain this accuracy of theirs by using the inductive method in extrapolating the narrators whom he described above all other descriptions، by saying، “The hadith is very straight.” By comparing the sayings of the critical scholars who came before it and those who came after it، it becomes clear through that that The descriptions are extremely accurate in their judgment of the narrators، so the research was divided into two sections: The first topic: the concept of straight hadith in language and terminology، and an explanation of the description of straight hadith in absolute terms according to critical scholars. Some hadith scholars misled the attribution of Ibn Hibban’s description of two narrators as having very straight and restricted hadith. Ibn Hibban described them as “absolutely straight in hadith and not restricted.” The second topic: comparative inductive study of the narrators whom Ibn Hibban described as “very straight in hadith،” in order to determine their conditions in terms of analysis and modificatio

Abstract
Title of the Research: “The Significance of the Terms; 'The Aspect' and 'The Path' in Musnad Al-Bazzar, (An Applied Study)”Objectives of the Research: The current research aims to discuss Al-Bazzar’s terminology, to find out its true meaning through applied study, to find the meaning of "The Aspect" and "The Path" in Musnad Al-Bazzar, and to use that in understanding the texts contained in the book.Plan of the Research: It consists of an introduction, two topics, a conclusion, and indexes.Methodology of the Research: It has adopted the inductive and the descriptive analytical Approaches.Findings of the Research:
Imam Al-Bazzar frequently used the terms "The Aspect" and "The Path" in his Musnad, sometimes combining them in one comment, and other times using each one individually.Imam Al-Bazzar may combine "The Aspect" and "The Path" in his commentary on the hadith in one sentence, and after studying those positions I found that he may have used the two terms for the same meaning, and perhaps differed between them in usage, and I did not find a rule for that to when he uses them in the same meaning, and when he differs between them, but the entire reliance is on the context to know what he means by that every time

Summary:
The companion Uqba bin Amer, may God be pleased with him, is considered one of the venerable companions who accompanied the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, throughout their lives. He was among the companions whom God blessed to be apprenticed and educated by the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. He was a scholar, jurist, reader, and one of the companions. Who compiled the Qur’an, and he was of great importance. He also participated with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, in the Islamic invasions and conquests. After the death of the Prophet, he participated in the conquests of the Levant with Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and Al-Farouq Omar bin Al-Khattab, may God be pleased with them.Given that he accompanied the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, being one of the companions who served the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, a fair number of hadiths were narrated from the Prophet, as approximately fifty-five hadiths were narrated to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and it was mentioned in Sahih al-Bukhari. A number of these hadiths. Narrations - the companion Uqba bin Amer - Sahih Al-Bukhari.

Abstract:
The aims of this paper is to determine and studying the concept of an irregular Prophet’s Hadith for previous and contemporary narrators criticisms study, this kind of research is one of the very important of the Prophet’s Hadith sciences because there are many animadversion in thumping’s books that talking about anomalous novel, therefore I want to show throw this study the notion of the eccentric Prophet’s Hadith for previous and contemporary narrators add that its relationship with confidence increasing and sort of relationship that control between two types because the objectives unit among sciences of Prophet’s Hadith puts the strong relationship between them. After that it has put the rules that can recognize during it the increasing acceptable which is justified opposite the increasing rejected that regard classified in the irregular Prophet’s Hadith rules.

Summary
This time has witnessed an important scientific, research and cognitive struggle regarding the importance of communicating the call and ways to employ it according to the Qur’anic perspective in terms of its truth and justifications.The research tried to highlight the method of argumentation that is best. It may be spontaneous, which occurs without prior preparation, or it may be arranged The research also confirmed that the establishment and prosperity of Islamic civilization was only an inevitable result of the integration of knowledge through the necessity of cognitive integration. The research highlighted a number of facts after the introductions that preceded it were addressed; The research clarified the importance of employing means and the necessity of introducing all types of knowledge and sciences - cosmic, natural, religious and others - within the term Islamic thought, noting that all knowledge and sciences in Islam are complementary and complement one another.The research highlighted the necessity of establishing a solid knowledge storehouse based on new reading to reach a common and realistic understanding that is consistent with the changes of the modern era and its enormous intellectual challenges. The research confirms the response of the social cultural institution, with Islamic religious content, to the advanced means of its time in order to be more effective and influential in the audience it addresses and deals with.

Abstract
When talking about a personality like that of SayyidQutb, I was often struck by those who supported him and those who opposed his idea, but despite the amount of books, writings, and letters, we found a lot of opinions in this thinker. He may not have been the only one in them, but he was able to give a new character to them in all literal ways... and of the writings and ideas. What stopped me was his thought about governance. It is known that this term is not new. I consider that the first to raise the slogan of governance in Islam in the sense that makes it the opposite of any human rule - were the ancient Kharijites, when they said, “There is no judgment except for God,” denouncing in this way those who agreed to human arbitration in a political issue. Then Imam Ali, peace be upon him, responded to them in the language and moderation of Islam, “It is a word of truth that means falsehood.” What prompted me to choose this research entitled (Al-Hakimiya in the Thought of SayyidQutb) is a number of reasons, including: the importance of this character in Islamic thought and the approach that followed it. SayyedQutb and analyzed this thought with complete objectivity and impartiality.

summary
God Almighty has defined the limits of the things that He has forbidden and permitted, and He has commanded that none of them should be transgressed and transgressed into something other than what He has commanded or forbidden in them, and He has forbidden anyone from violating them, and one of them is a limit.As for the definition of faith and its interpretation, it is firm belief and complete acknowledgment of all that God and His Messenger have commanded to believe in; And submission, both outwardly and inwardly. It is the belief and belief of the heart that includes the actions of the hearts and the actions of the body. This includes performing the entire religion. That is why the imams and predecessors used to say: Faith is the word of the heart and tongue, and the action of the heart, tongue and limbs. It is speech, action, and belief that increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience. It includes the doctrines of faith, its morals, and its actions

Summary
The research shows the importance of the fundamentalist rule, which is an approach followed by the mujtahid when deriving the legal ruling with the aim of not making mistakes. They are rules based on evidence, and they serve as a balance by which the scientific material is weighed, and through them he arrives at knowledge of the legal ruling, which is the basis for worldly and hereafter happiness, and the evidence for these rules. In this research, there are the verses on inheritance that God, may God bless him and grant him peace, mentioned in his Holy Book, which is the first source of the original sources of legislation. The importance of these verses lies in knowing people’s rights, what they have, and what duties they have towards each other

Abstract
This research addresses the issue of the indication of prohibition on wrongdoing ( دلالة النهى عن فساد المنهي عنه) according to the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence (الأصوليين), elucidating their understanding of the concept, and that the prohibition of a specific thing may be due to its inherent undesirability, and it may be due to its inherent quality,from this, it becomes evident that prohibition is divided into categories:
The first type: What is prohibited in and of itself, meaning the action is inherently prohibited, and the nature of the action is considered reprehensible.
The second type: What is prohibited due to its implied meaning that extends beyond its literal sense, Such as selling at the time of the call to prayer to be preoccupied with it instead of hastening to the Friday prayer after it has become obligatory. This is an example of exceeding the permissible limits of a transaction."
The third type: What is prohibited due to its implied meaning that is connected with a description. It is expressed through the prohibition of a thing to describe the obligation related to it.
Prohibition can have the meaning of specifying an obligation, such as the prohibition of prayer in a filthy place.
In this case, the prohibition is due to the specific quality of the place, which is impurity.
Similarly, the prohibition of usury is for the sake of excess, and the excess is not intentional in buying and selling, but it is a description of it.
Prohibition also includes fasting on the days of sacrifice and similar cases.
The researcher clarified the position of disagreement among the scholars in the matter, noting that they differed in it to the following schools of thought: The first school of thought:
Asserting that the prohibition implies the inherent corruption of the prohibited action, whether the prohibition is for its own sake or for another reason that extends beyond it or is connected with a description.
The second school of thought:
Affirming that the prohibition implies corruption universally, whether the prohibition is regarding worship or transactions.
If the prohibition is for a specific thing, it is considered inherently corrupt, or if the origin of the harm is something external to the nature of the prohibited action and is attributed to it.
The third school of thought holds that corruption is inherent, and it requires evidence other than prohibition.
The fourth school of thought: Asserting that prohibition indicates corruption in worship, while evidence is required for non-worship matters and contracts.
The fifth school of thought holds that when prohibition is mentioned in worship and contracts, it indicates inherent corruption.
However, if it relates to non-worship matters, it depends on whether the issue causing corruption is internal or external to it.
If it is internal, corruption is established; if it is external, corruption is not necessarily established. After examining and comparing these doctrines and their evidence, the researcher arrives at the chosen school of thought, which is the fifth school among the mentioned ones.
Keywords:
Title of the research, the researcher's name, email, research abstract, and keywords in English.
Include them within the research.
First: Prohibition is the expressive statement indicating abandonment.
Second: Corruption is the inherent flaw of an action, whether lacking sufficiency for achieving the intended purpose or being contrary to what is prescribed.
Third: The indication of prohibition on the corruption of the prohibited action is meant by: that the prohibition is explicit, meaning it is not subject to various interpretations. It either indicates corruption or its absence. Does it indicate the absence of the legal consequences that arise from the prohibited action, or does it indicate otherwise?
Fourth: The consequences arising from an action, if it is an act of worship, such as prayer or seeking, or if it is a transaction that deviates from the prescribed rules, leading it to no longer be considered beneficial for legal judgments.

Research Abstract
The research revolves around one of the most important principles in the discussions of abrogation, namely the principle: " Abrogation "Naskh" Contrary to the Original," studying it from a jurisprudential perspective, along with the richness derived from this principle and its branches of subsidiary rules and issues. Enemies of Islam have used abrogation as a pretext to question the sanctity of the Holy Quran and the provisions of Islamic Sharia. Although abrogation is limited in the Quran, the fundamental principle is that the entire Quran is precise, the words and meanings of Allah. The varying opinions among scholars and interpreters regarding the number of abrogated verses are due to some including in abrogation what does not belong to it. Therefore, the majority of scholars in fundamentals (Usul) confirmed that abrogation is contrary to the original, aiming to preserve the legal ruling from abrogation wherever possible.

Research Summary:
The research deals with one of the rules that Muslim scholars have worked with over the generations, which is (stopping the fatwa), which means the mufti does not express his opinion on an issue. For scientific, religious and ethical reasons.The research stopped at the phenomenon of contemporary fatwa chaos, which means that those who are not scientifically, religiously, and morally qualified carry out the task of issuing fatwas to Muslims, through satellite channels and communication networks.The research confirmed that this phenomenon can be reduced by reviving the Sunnah of stopping fatwas, which was the approach of Muslim scholars, both predecessors and successors, and that it is the fruit of a two-fold Islamic educational and pedagogical process: one part is concerned with preparing qualified muftis, and another part takes it upon itself to raise awareness and educate the community

Summary of this research
The science of the foundations of jurisprudence is a science of great value and great impact that indicates the greatness of the men of this nation who discovered this science and laid down the rules for it and branched out branches upon it. All of this is for the sake of deducing the legal rulings from their detailed evidence so that the ruling of God Almighty is known regarding new events of reality, and from this science is the science of graduation. The fundamentalist, which is divided into three directions: graduating the fundamentals from the branches, graduating the branches onto the fundamentals, and graduating the branches from the branches. I divided this research into two sections and several demands. I mentioned in the first section the linguistic and terminological definition of graduation, and I made the second section in the three methods of graduation, with a definition of them and applied examples. she has .I ask God Almighty that this research will benefit its writer and reader. Praise be to God first and last, and may God’s blessings and peace be upon His servant and Prophet Muhammad and upon all his family and companions.

ABSTRACT
The study of the meaning of the matter is one of the important fundamentalist topics that the fundamentalists have paid great attention to. Because it is a requirement of the speech of God Almighty related to the actions of those who are accountable, and because the purpose of establishing Sharia law is: for those who are responsible to comply with its provisions, and because the reality of the work of the diligent person is to devote effort to realizing the legal rulings. The importance of this research is due to the fact that it is considered an explanation of the accuracy of the jurists’ consideration in extracting the legal rulings, and understanding the meanings of the evidence on which it is based, and the implications of the legal orders, and their impact on the action of the accountable person, while explaining the differences of the jurists in this matter, their skill in extracting branches from the principles, and the extent of the agreement of theorizing. The fundamental principle of jurisprudential application. This research aims to establish the issue of legal orders and their significance on obligatory rulings, and to explain the impact of this on the differences of jurisprudence in the branches of jurisprudence. The research reached several results, which I listed in the conclusion

Abstract
Shift is a Western term that means breach and departure from the ordinary, and its presence in speech gives it the characteristic of aesthetics and creativity, and it is folded under the folds of poetics and stylistics. If a poetic text is described by its poeticity, it is certain that shift is folded within its folds. We must not forget that the syntactic shift relates to the sentence and its structure, which is represented by introduction, delay, deletion, mention, and detour. These terms are found in the Arab rhetorical heritage, and they carry in their content the meaning of shift. The shift in its essence was not absent from the Arab rhetoricians, as it was present in the depths of their books, but under other names

Summary
After language was the primary means of attraction and influence, it now shares this role with modern technologies, but the question that arises is whether this interactive literature can impose its existence if it does not use linguistic tools. Interactive literature is essentially a style of writing that does not become clear except through Through the technologies provided by modern technology, but it also communicates through language, even if it varies in the way it is presented and the way it is presented to the recipient who uses those technologies.Through this paper, we will try to find out the dialectical relationship that currently exists between the two parties and look at the language used in this literature, trying to answer several questions, including: Has technology served the language and provided the open text and thus increased the degree of interactivity? The text is no longer subject to the restrictions set by its writer, but rather its recipients have become a part. Of the text, if not all.

Summary
Poetic contents are the issues that the poet deals with in his poetry collection, and they constitute his intellectual obsession. He seeks to express them and aims to clarify them, as they are the core of poetry and its meaning. The research aims, through the descriptive and analytical method, to study the poet’s collection, “The Call of Islam,” and to state its most important content topics. Its contents revolved around issues Confronting foreign and Zionist aggression. The poet was interested in the Palestinian issue due to its centrality in the modern era, and he sang many poems in which he called for Palestinian and Arab steadfastness and steadfastness in the face of the oppressive Zionists. The poet also revolted against the authoritarian rulers and against the miserable conditions that befell the Arab countries due to the oppressive regimes, so he began to incite the peoples against Overthrow them and get rid of them He denounced their failure in many poems. The poet also denounced the crimes of the oppressive colonizer with fullness, confronted his plans and conspiracies in the Arab countries with all firmness and courage, and carried out an awareness campaign for the masses disillusioned with their fate by exposing the crimes of colonialism and reprimanding them for their submission and inaction before him.This research attempts, through the descriptive and analytical approach, to briefly study the poetic contents of the poet Arif Al-Sheikh Al-Hashemi, and it will focus on the main axes of his poetry within adherence to the true Islamic religion, the call for Islamic unity, confronting the occupation and colonial forces, and the call for progress and development for the sake of the strength of the Arab and Islamic nation to be Able to protect its land and people from aggressors

Summary
The research aimed to reveal the manifestations of fear and existential anxiety and their human dimensions among the poets of the pre-Islamic era, through the poetry of Imru’ al-Qais, and the representations of those psychological dimensions that affected the poet from the burdens of rule and the illusion of recovering it, the feeling of isolation and psychological alienation.The research included an introduction and two sections. The first section dealt with: fear and anxiety about the responsibility assigned. Of the burdens of governance and the illusion of recovering it. And internal and external threats. The second section dealt with: fear and anxiety about life’s vicissitudes and circumstances. Such as advanced age, the absence of the emotional side, and feelings of isolation and psychological alienation. The conclusion came: It contains the most important results that I reached: Existential fear and anxiety relate to the self and its existence, which is manifested in fear of loss of independence, separation, death (of the ego), extinction, or external pressures, which represent tangible dimensions related to the self.The restoration of the king and the burdens of rule represented a psychological angle for the poet that was characterized by fear and anxiety. As a result of the pressures that besieged the poet, and revenge for his father came to the fore, in addition to his distance from his sister (Hind), who represented the female who saw her brother as a hero, and his desire to prove his success in succeeding his father to her.
- External and internal threats came to represent an extension of the burdens of governance, but they highlighted Imru’ al-Qays from a human perspective, as a man thrown by fate into the battlefield of wars, and thus, his representation of the concept of war came to reflect a loss of experience in it, in addition to the fact that it caused his death far from his family, and he A strong driver of existential fear represented by (ego death).
- The poet’s advanced age, his lack of emotional side, and the withdrawal of beautiful women from him represented fear of the future and anxiety about it, and the self-talk and the virtual lover were indicative of that psychological aspect.
- The poet made a comparison between his feeling of alienation and fear of what is coming, and the darkness of the night that will result in a morning that represented the poet’s fear of the unknown, and therefore, existential fear and anxiety were associated with the poet’s tangible aspect

: summary
Why did the late era in the history of Arabic literature, which was known as the Late Ages, receive as much study as the previous eras, including the Mamluk and Ottoman eras? It was described as stagnation and decadence, which led scholars to neglect it and not study its literary production, due to the weakness of its culture and creativity, as many researchers see. The reason for this stems from the grave events and calamities after the Mongols invaded Baghdad, in the middle of the seventh century AH, and the flame of Arabic literature was not kindled except in what is known today as the Renaissance.Whatever the case may be, literature in these eras is worthy of study, after I discovered many manuscripts, poetry collections, and literary works that refer to it, including the book in our hands (The Journey of Visions in the Foils of Poetry) by Al-Shabrawi.

Summary :
This study contributes to identifying grammatical relationships and revealing hidden concepts within the noble hadiths among the vocabulary of the narrations of the great companion Salman Al-Farsi (may God be pleased with him), by studying important elements that contributed to the coherence of the text, which are (reference, demonstrative nouns, pronouns, relative nouns, And the tools of approach, the tools of connection, deletion, and others), highlighting their role in the coherence and consistency of the text in these narrations, and embodying the bridge of communication between the parts of the hadith

Lamentation of Hussein - Peace be upon him - in Andalusian Poetry
The elevated path of Hussein in sacrifice and redemption has captivated numerous literary figures throughout the ages, serving as a guiding light against the darkness of oppressive rulers. The tragedy of Karbala left a profound impact on the souls of Andalusians, who embraced Hussein as a model for freedom and resistance against injustice. This sentiment resonated in Andalusian literature, where poets admired his courage and sacrifice.Andalusian poets adopted Imam Hussein as a symbol of sacrifice and justice, evident in their verses that portrayed resilience and defiance against tyranny and oppression. This reflects Hussein’s influence on cultural and religious awareness in Andalusian society. This humble research endeavors to shed light on instances of Hussein’s literature in Andalusia. Literary figures found in it a means to express their emotions regarding this grand resurgence.The research is divided into two main sections: the first explores Shiite sentiments in Andalusia, while the second focuses on the lamentation of Hussein among Andalusians.

Abstract:-
Ownership of floors and apartments is one of the subjects of compulsory, subsidiary communism. It confers on the partner the right of ownership and uses it in a manner consistent with its nature or purpose, provided that it does not harm the rights of other owners, and that he takes into account the conditions included in the use of the parts shared in the ownership of floors and apartments. He also has the right to exploit and dispose of, even if the disposal is Exploitation takes place through exploitation and disposal of the separated part. The partner also has a right to the floors and apartments and has obligations, including the partner’s obligation to rebuild in case of dilapidation, whether in the case of the basement being dilapidated or the building being dilapidated in ownership of the floors and apartment, as well as his obligation to pay the burdens. And the costs resulting from compulsory and consequential communism.
Opening words:

Abstract
A public servant or one assigned to a public service by the government is a representative of that government, so they should not be insulted by words or actions because they serve the citizens and provide them with the necessary services in their daily lives.This is what will be addressed in this research, and we will explain the methods of the Iraqi and foreign legislators in reducing and limiting this phenomenon, which we see every day on social media where violations, verbal and physical attacks on teachers, doctors, security forces or other government employees take place, all because of the lack of efficiency of legal texts.

Abstract
The current research aims to shed light on the most prominent updates adopted by the Iraqi Penal Code to combat crime and promote crime in accordance with the principles of democratic governance in the new Iraq, and to work to reduce the authoritarian rulings that caused a momentum of amendments to the Penal Code, as well as the introduction of a law for new crimes such as electronic crimes, electronic signature, and others. The study also included a complete presentation of the development of the penal code in Iraq, and a review of the legal updates in the field of criminalization and its updates in the field of penalties. The legislator intensified its role in reforming procedures and standards of evidence in criminal investigations and prosecutions to make the justice system more effective, increasing accountability and oversight of security forces through new laws that punish police misconduct, torture or illegal detention, and providing stronger legal protection for witnesses and victims of crime to encourage more Reporting and cooperating with law enforcement authorities, and allocating more funding and resources to the criminal justice system, including the police, courts and prisons, to improve enforcement of the Revised Penal Code.

Summary.
The traffic prevention policy is one of the important methods that work to address crime, and that such a preference for prevention over treatment is useful, not only in facing crime, but also working to confront many human problems, and the preventive policy works to prevent crime before it occurs. It combats the primary factors that are the cause of the criminal personality. the traffic: key words ، Preventive، Roads، Vehicles، Politics

Abstract:
This study addressed the legal situation of how to terminate the legal proceedings for criminal claims and showed the special reasons for their violation and the extent of the possibility of contributing to the reduction of the punishment and the suspension of their execution. This is achieved through three requirements:in the first request, we asked for reconciliation, and in.the second request: resignation, and in the third request, we asked for the affected party. This study has come up with important conclusions, including the fact that a waiver is a legal act that expresses the will of the plaintiff for the purpose of suspending the proceedings of the lawsuit. Also, the affected party's pardon does not cover the public right, but it only stops at taking the form of a personal right claim, and this is what we expect the legislator to take by making the pardon include both the public right and the personal right, for the purpose of ending the claim once and for all. The key words Penal claim, forgiveness, waiver, forgiveness of the affected party.

Abstract:
Throughout the era (1933-1945), the Nazi authorities founded out a wide network of concentration camps inside and outside Germany. Those camps were under the command of the Special Security Forces Therefore, the Nazi authorities established their largest camps in the Polish city of Auschwitz on the twenty-seventh of April 1940, to begin from that date until 1945 the most heinous human genocide that the contemporary world witnessed. After 1942, the Auschwitz concentration camp into a major tool for the extermination of hundreds of thousands of Jews, gypsies and prisoners of war in various shameful ways.

Abstract
The study aimed to clarify the foundations on which the Umayyad caliphate was based. The Umayyads relied on military power to gain the caliphate, which was based on the loyalty of the Syrian tribes, including the Yemeni and Qaysi tribes, and a policy of balance between them. In addition, legitimacy was another basis, through the introduction of the principle of coercion, derived from divine administration, in the face of their opponents from other trends. The strength and continuity of the caliphate depended on adhering to these foundations, but the later caliphs were unable to adhere to this policy and exaggerated the balance between the tribes, which led to the weakening of the caliphate and its subsequent collapse.

Abstract
The titled research discusses the position of Egypt and Sudan on the border conflict between Iraq and Kuwait in 1963. In that year, a border dispute erupted between Iraq and Kuwait, with Iraq demanding the annexation of Kuwait, while Kuwait rejected that. Egypt and Sudan played a significant role in this conflict, supporting

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effect of the CASE model on the achievement of second-year intermediate students in Islamic education, and their motivation towards learning. The researcher adopted the "experimental method" and used an experimental design with partial control for the two research groups. The purposive method was adopted in selecting the research sample consisting of (41) students in each group. The equality of the two groups was verified, and the two study tools were: (the achievement test (40) items, and the motivation to learn scale (30) items, and after the researcher verified the validity and reliability of the items There are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the averages of the two groups (control and experimental) and in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the (CASE) model in the achievement test measuring motivation to learn.

Abstract:
The current study aimed to find out the nature of the correlation between analytical intelligence and mathematical beliefs. In order to achieve the goal of this study, the researcher followed the descriptive, correlational approach. The study population consisted of male and female middle school mathematics teachers affiliated with the Salah al-Din Education Directorate - Tikrit Department. The study sample consisted of ( 60 male and female teachers, including (25) male teachers and (35) female teachers specializing in middle school mathematics, affiliated with middle schools in the Salah al-Din Education Directorate. The researcher built two research tools for the purpose of collecting data for the research, which was represented by an analytical intelligence test consisting of (25) items, as well as Mathematical beliefs scale consisting of (20), Appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted for the two test items and their psychometric properties were verified. After relying on statistical tools to analyze the results of applying the two tests, the results showed the following:
1) The sample members possess the acceptable level of intelligence for my analysis.
2) The sample members possess the acceptable limit of mathematical beliefs.
3) There is a strong correlation between analytical intelligence and mathematical beliefs.
In light of the results of the study, a number of recommendations and proposals were put forward for those concerned in the field of research and in the educational field.

Summary:
After a demonstration of the wind speed, and extracting the generated energy from statistical analysis to demonstrate the possibility of using it to generate electrical energy, four climate stations were chosen in the Western Plateau in four Arab countries: (Al-Rutba in Iraq, Jabal Al-Tanf in Syria, Safawi in Jordan, and Turaif in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) that for every increase in wind speed, there is a corresponding increase in the amount of electrical energy produced. The highest wind speed was reached at the Turaif station, as it was recorded in the months of June, July, and August, at a rate of (5.4, 5.5, and 5.2) m/s, and whatever production capacity is possible) 101.56, 101.56, and 90.69 kilowatts for each, respectively, at an annual rate of (4.3) m/s, with a production capacity of (51.28) kilowatts. This energy is clean and does not leave any trace on the environment. It is also permanent, and its speed increases with the hot and dry season To meet the needs of cultivated plants, it is permissible to install pumps and equip them from water resources such as groundwater to meet the needs of agricultural soil or villages far from the national network.

Abstract
Marketing represents the second face of the agricultural production process if it is viewed as an economic process that fulfills its economic purpose. The agricultural marketing reformer refers to the process that adds a spatial benefit to the agricultural product as it is transferred from areas of production to areas of consumption. Hence this study came in order to clarify Marketing outlets for the yellow corn crop in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates, as it is one of the industrial and multi-use crops for direct and indirect use. key words:Agricultural marketing, Marketing outlets, Marketing process functions, Marketing efficiency, Marketing margins

Abstract: The subject of tourism is considered an important source of economic resources for the country, and therefore archaeological sites are an important resource and tributary to the tourism industry and the extent of benefiting from archaeological sites touristically. The study confirmed the identification of a group of the oldest archaeological and cultural monuments in the city of Baghdad, which are (Al-Qashla Clock, the archaeological city of Aqarquf, and Al-Mutanabbi Street And the tourist island of Baghdad). Learn about its history and the problems it faces, and develop solutions and proposals to develop them

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze and study the strategic and geopolitical importance of the Central Asian region, which has led to an intensification of international and regional competition for the region's resources, especially energy, in order to answer the main question of the study because the conflict in the Central Asian region is a conflict of interests between groups of forces trying to use economic, political and military tools with certain strategies .

Abstract
The research dealt with trends in changing climatic elements and their relationship to the water budget of the strawberry crop in Babil Governorate for the period from (1990-2022). The research included four sections. The first section dealt with finding the general trend of climatic elements in Hilla station during the study period. The second section dealt with finding the climate water budget through Subtracting the values of evaporation and transpiration from effective rainfall and finding the water surplus and deficit in the study area The third included finding the consumption quantities and the water rate of the strawberry crop and finding the general trend for it. The fourth section dealt with statistical analysis by finding a correlation between climate elements and the water rate of the strawberry crop. It was found that there was a strong direct relationship between wind speed and evaporation/transpiration and the water rate of the strawberry crop. The other elements included a direct and inverse relationship, moderate, weak, or very weak.

Abstract
The financial infrastructure represents the most important pillars for developing the banking sector and achieving high profits, thereforeThe research aims to measure the impact of the financial infrastructure on the of the soundness Iraqi banking sector for the period (2011-2021), where the impact was tested using the ARDL model on the research variables represented by the financial infrastructure (immediate gross settlement, credit transfers, electronic instrument clearing) on the strength of the Iraqi banking sector. (Profit margin, return on total assets, return on equity). The research concluded that there is a significant impact of the financial infrastructure on the soundness of the Iraqi banking sector and the necessity of constantly developing the financial infrastructure.

Abstract
The current research aims to know the effect of the investigative method on the acquisition of scientific fourth-grade students grammatical concepts and their development in the grammar of the Arabic language. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the researcher intentionally chose vigilance prep for girls. Investigative method, and Division B to represent the control group that studies grammar in accordance with the usual method. The research sample reached (64) students, by (32) requesting (32)students (the chronological age of the students is calculated by months, and the academic achievement of the parents And grades of Arabic language for the third grade average for the academic year (2018-2019 ) The researcher chose the subject for seven subjects in grammar for the fourth academic year The researcher prepared seven teaching plans for the subjects that were studied during the experiment period distributed on two groups, two of which were divided by a group of experts and specialists To find out their suitability and suitability for the fourth grade of science, the researcher studied the two research groups during the duration of the experiment, which lasted for a hard semester, and ended with the application of the final test to the students of the two research groups

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of the dimensions of Marketing Executive Management (MEM) (Environmental Orientation (EO), Environmental Marketing (EM)) on the dimensions of Productive Strategies (PS) (Engineering Design (ED), Quality Management (QM), Maintenance Management (MM)) in the organizational sector. This study focused on understanding the variables to achieve highly efficient production. The research also focused on previous studies in determining the importance of the dimensions of marketing executive management (environmental orientation and environmental marketing) and the dimensions of production strategies (engineering design, quality management, and maintenance management) as variables in this research. A sample of productive organizations in the city of Wasit was selected. In this research, the questionnaire form was used as a basic tool to collect the data needed by the researcher, which numbered (130). There were (6) incorrect questionnaire forms, and the researcher obtained valid questionnaires (124). The problem was focused on the study examines the possibility of the importance of executive marketing management as an independent factor and production strategies as a dependent factor. The researcher used statistical analysis to obtain results related to the research on SPSS & Smart-PLS 4. In this study, the researcher reached highly efficient results and conclusions that confirm the importance of marketing executive management in developing production strategies. This study focused on important recommendations to benefit from and document the relationship between marketing executive management and production strategies.

Abstract:
In the face of increasing competition among various organizations in different business sectors, these entities are compelled to adopt modern and effective management methods and tools that enable them to gain and retain competitive advantages for as long as possible. This necessitates the selection, application, and evaluation of strategies effectively. Hence, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) emerged as a method for balanced performance measurement. What distinguishes this tool the most is that it does not solely focus on financial metrics, as was predominant with traditional measurement systems. Instead, it achieves balance by measuring four essential dimensions within the organization: the financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operations dimension, and the learning and growth dimension. This research provides a detailed insight into the Balanced Scorecard, elucidating its key functions and emphasizing its crucial role, particularly in performance evaluation.

Abstract:
Human resources management is one of the most vital departments in any modern organization, as the human resources department plays an important role in the success of any organization. Among the various activities that the human resources department is expected to conduct on recruitment, recruitment is of particular importance in bringing people to the organization and exploring the impact of the latest technological developments in the context of recruitment and how they have facilitated the work of human resources managers in the modern era. Hence, the goal of our research emerged in trying to clarify The theoretical framework and modern trends in defining electronic recruitment practices and its role in attracting and attracting the best human resources capable of achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Explaining the steps and criteria for effective electronic polarization, and addressing the most important challenges of applying and implementing electronic polarization. The research also adopted the descriptive analytical approach in presenting the theoretical framework for the research by drawing on many previous studies and articles published in magazines and websites, and presenting a number of conclusions reached by the researcher. .

Abstract
Yosef Haim Brenner is a Jewish writer who wrote many literary works despite his young age. He was one of those that called for immigration to Palestine and establishing the State of Israel. He believed that the Hebrew language should be revived as the national language of the Jewish people and as one of the basic keys to establishing the state. In his novel "Around the Point" he drew my attention to an important theme, which is "the suicide attempt of the protagonist", as well as how he employed this attempt and the accompanying events and reactions, and dialogues. The idea of reviving the Hebrew language and the pride of being a Jew was taken into account in writing this novel along with the ideology of the protagonist.
Most of the paragraphs and chapters included the term death as the protagonist tried suicide many times. The writer employed this term as a connotation to show the extent of suffering that the Jews encountered over a specific period of time, which pushed the protagonist (the educated person) to think of suicide. Hence, we have to stand on the issue of Brenner's Zionism, which was embodied in the events of the novel and brought the reader to the depths of the Zionist thought called for by the writer.

Abstract
The current research aimed to know the role that strategic ambiguity plays in the mental image of the customer who deals with the National Insurance Company. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, as a questionnaire consisting of (23) items was developed, and a random sample was drawn so that the research sample consisted of (85) experienced managers and workers at the headquarters of the National Insurance Company. The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon, and the results were analyzed based on the (SPSS v.25) program and descriptive statistics tools. It was concluded that the National Insurance Company currently has a great interest in strategic ambiguity as a way to communicate What you want the customer to know while maintaining the confidentiality of internal operations and building a positive mental image towards dealing with insurance services, and that strategic ambiguity has an impact in building the mental image of the customer. The most prominent recommendations of the research were the insurance company’s management’s adoption of strategic ambiguity in delivering positive messages to the public and using multiple means of communication for promotion. About banking services, activating insurance marketing, and building a positive outlook towards insurance companies, as they are one of the important economic sectors.

Abstract
This study focuses on the Italian author's Giuseppe Catuzzella's "Don't Tell Me You're Afraid" who have significantly contributed to the understanding of human experiences and societal challenges. The study handles the determination of Somali women. Motivated by a deep curiosity and admiration for the strength exhibited by Somali women in the face of difficulties, the researcher aims to illuminate their formidable will and perseverance in pursuit of their dreams. The overarching goal is to shed light on the struggle of Somali women, examining their unwavering determination to overcome obstacles through the lens of feminist theory. The hypothesis posits that Somali women, armed with resilient willpower, can navigate hardships and surmount adversities, asserting their identity and challenging societal constraints. This research contributes to the broader discourse on women's empowerment and resilience, providing insights into the indomitable spirit that propels Somali women forward despite challenging circumstances. Through a careful examination of the Italian novelist's portrayal and the application of feminist theory, the study showcases the strength, will, and tenacity of Somali women, redefining traditional narratives surrounding their capabilities.

Résumé
Cette étude traite de la variabilité des normes communicationnelles entre hommes et femmes.
Une attention toute particulière sera effectuée à la différence entre le parler des hommes et le parler des femmes et à l’égalité « homme », « femme » devant la langue.Les idées sur la relation entre le genre et la langue peuvent être résumées en deux idées principales. Il est courant d'entendre dire, que les hommes et les femmes ne pratiquent pas la langue de la même manière, et ne peuvent pas se comprendre. Les différences de communication apparaissent entre les hommes et les femmes et montrent une variabilité spatiale, temporelle et sociale. Des études antérieures aident à comprendre le genre dans des communautés spécifiques, et les interactions entre le genre et d'autres facteurs sociaux sans faire une comparaison intercommunautaire. Nous pouvons comprendre le rôle du genre dans le mécanisme social de changements des normes linguistiques dans ces communautés.

Abstract The present paper delves into the Iraqi undergraduate EFL students’ use of discourse markers in essay writing. Discourse markers, hence (DMs) are characteristic feature of any type of text as they maintain and enhance the logical semantic relations and provide the basis for coherence. The researcher targets the undergraduate students (1st, 3rd and 4th stage) of the Department of English language in Al-Mansour University / Iraq, with respect to their qualitatively and quantitatively based abilities in knitting the texts with the appropriate discourse markers. The study has a multipronged aim involving that studying the nature of the student`s competency in the knitting of discourse is crucial for establishing pedagogical solutions to enhance their production of discourse. The study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze the essays written by Iraqi undergraduate EFL learners. The study found that the higher the students advance in their academic profession the more competent and frequent use of discourse markers is developed. It is also found that students across the three stages pay a greater attention to the temporality of the text via the heavy use of temporal DMs in their texts.

Abstract:
This research aims to study the frustrated humanity in William Golding’s Lord Of Flies. First it will take a general overview about the novel as an Allegory novel, The biography of William Golding novelist personal life, Golding’s Personal Experience Reflected in Lord Of Flies and Summary of the Novel .
Then the researcher will search in the reasons which stand behind inhuman people behaviors , psychological theory and how the human beings behave to hidden their repressed savagery instincts and they appear with acceptable actions in natural and orderly life .After that the researcher will look over the appearances of collapse the humanity values in the Golding’s novel Lord Of Flies through the humanity and savagery, civilization and savagery, Good and Evil, Democratic and Dictatorial and loss the innocence.