Journal of University of Babylon

The study aims to design an audiovisual educational program in learning and improving the performance of the free throwing basketball skill for students. The experimental approach has been used because it suits the research problem. The research sample, which is chosen intentionally, is equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research sample constitutes 80% of the research community. After completing the main experiment, the (SPSS) program is used to statistically process the data, after which the results have been presented and discussed. The study has arrived at some conclusions, the most important of which is effectiveness of the designed audiovisual educational program for learning and improving the performance of the free throwing basketball skill for students.

The woman’s character constitutes a motivation and desire for writers to take it up in their theatrical works. It is considered a main and wide field for research and investigation of the set of behavioral actions that define part of a society and part of human existence. Women’s character, like other characters in various societies, possesses its own advantages that distinguish it from others in the religious, social, economic and political aspects. Because of its distinction and exclusivity of these characteristics, it must be dealt with theatrically to diagnose the psychological state and the motives behind it. The research investigates the motivations that lead to the psychological struggle of the woman's character in Lorca's theatrical texts. Therefore, it deals with women psychologically and dramatically Three axes of character, motives and psychological conflict have been discussed, as well as the character of women in the Spanish theater since its inception. Then it tackles the character of women by the writers who have written before and after Lorca in theatrical works.

The dichotomy of the constant and the variable has been present from the beginnings of drama to the present day, based on the representation of the theater for an evolving and unstable path in any case at all times. To call him the different director, as is the case with Mayerhold Ukrtovsky or Arto, as the presentation system has shifted from its stability to its mobility and its semantic transformation, so the singular component of the theatrical performance has become the other mutant with multiple connotations and meanings. Therefore, semiotics can penetrate my fixed and transformed space and read it a cognitive aesthetic reading. Therefore, the study dealt with the concept of the fixed and the philosophically and semiotic variable. One of the most important results of the research is that all theatrical performances can be semi-read on the basis of the constant and the variable, and that the theatrical mark has the ability to transform and that is a result of its nature and its ability to transform from constancy.

The research deals with the aesthetics of employing the popular imagination in school theater performances and includes four main topics. The first deals with the research problem that consists in the following question: \"What aesthetics can be observed in employing the popular imagination in school theater performances?\" The importance of research and the need for it comes from shedding light on the concept of the popular imagination through the portal of folklore and civilizational heritage with all that life has produced on the social, festive, carnival and folkloric levels, and the collective consciousness stored in the popular imaginations that formed a distinct populist legacy that carries its anthropological and aesthetic system, which is possible to use in studying and analyzing the personal structure of an individual in terms of artistic and aesthetic taste. The research aims to identify the aesthetics that can be transmitted by employing the popular imagination in school theater performances. It deals with the concept of the popular imagination, its types and fields, and its relationship to school theater performances. It also presents two research samples, namely the play \"Be Whoever You are, You are from Dust\" and the play \"The Treasure\". The research adopts the descriptive analytical approach. It has been found that the diversity of the popular imagination employed in school theater performances is both physical and literary.

The study aims to identify the point of view of specialists in the security establishment regarding its role in curbing the new crimes by examining the most important obstacles in combating cybercrime, knowing the effects of crimes and the means of combating them via the Internet, and identifying the most important differences between new crimes and traditional crimes. The study includes a social survey and a comparative approach to cyber security threats caused by the expansion of satellite channels, the spread of Internet networks, and the contribution of modern means of communication to the spread of electronic extortion crimes and how to reduce these crimes.

William Cuthbert Faulkner (1897-1962) is a major American twentieth century novelist who reflects his fascination with woman clearly in his literary production by presenting female characters as central. Faulkner evokes the woman as a child, young, mature and an old one, and also as married or unmarried. He also introduces the black woman as well as the white. Moreover, Faulkner examines his female character from various sides and in relation to morality, race, gender, culture and psychological issues.
This study examines various types of negative female characters and Faulkner's methods of characterization in the following selected texts that were nearly written in the same period (1929-1935): The Sound and the Fury (1929), “A Rose for Emily” (1930), “An Odor of Verbena” (1930), “Dry September” (1931), and Sanctuary (1931). Finally, there is a conclusion that sums up the major findings of the study.

This research studies the cultural signs of the body in Iraqi theater performances. The research problem is summarized in the components that determine the performance of the body as a cultural mark in the theatrical performance. The research aims to study theater as a system of anthropological signs embodied through the system of the body. The research sample included performances of the National Theater of Baghdad in 2015. The research dealt with the anthropology of culture and signs of the body and touched upon the discourse of the theatrical performance as an anthropological cultural mark. And he reached several results, the most important of which is the creation of the body aesthetic images through social, cultural and ideological behaviors on stage, which gave an anthropological semantic dimension to the image formed by the director using the physiological dimension of the body. One of the conclusions of the research is that the actor plays an important role in conveying the idea of a text code through the body and the sound and the formation of the scenic image with its aesthetic, intellectual and semantic formations by organizing and installing anthropology in the theatrical presentation.

Human beings have a rational pursuit for the elusive truth within the framework of their own civilization, whose essence is “the orderly quest for the truth”. Since its breaking out, there is a burning desire to know more about the Controversial truth of US-Iraq War (2003-2011), and no doubt such search will be never-ending in the history of humanity, due to the great traumas that accompanied it.
In 9Circles, Cain dramatizes the deeply rooted issues of war inflicted trauma and the major scandals of Us Iraq War that is judged by law as a kind of violence that violates human rights.
This paper aims at exploring Bill Cain's attempts to dramatically unravel the truth(s) of US-Iraq War. The aim behind such exposition is to raise an awareness to the tragic nature of this war, and to warn against taking what is said in media or by politician at face value.
As his aim is the exposition of truth(s), Cain prefers to use a documentary style that is based on presenting facts and material collected from media, books, and news coverage.
This study aspires to be a real contribution to a growing field of study that is concerned with the Middle East in general, and Iraq, in particular.

This study tries to shed light on the concept of loss and its social and political references and the extent of the impact of those references in promoting the feeling of loss, the loss of self, freedom, dreams, and the human essence. The study deals with the phenomenon of loss in a critical period in the history of contemporary Iraqi poetry; namely, the era of the 1990s because its texts were issued in light of a turbulent reality and a critical stage in which Iraq witnessed exceptional situations, including the economic blockade, and the repercussions of wars on the self and society together, in addition to the nature of society and its customs and traditions and their role in many issues, including the issue of women and their relationship with themselves and with society.

This study deals with the psychological dimensions of the theatrical character in Jalal Jamil's theatrical plays. The research problem is represented by the following question: how are the psychological dimensions of the theatrical character represented in Jalal Jamil's plays? The research value is seen in its analytical study of the characters of "Jalal Jamil". The basic terms mentioned in the title of the study are defined. Then, the personal, psychological, artistic and intellectual dimensions in Jalal Jamil’s plays are examined. The indicators derived from the theoretical framework are stated. The research community that includes four theatrical texts, and the chosen sample is “Mice and Printeries”. The research methodology utilizes the descriptive analysis method. The results of the study reveal that Jalal Jamil’s characters suffer from severe psychological disorders characterized by aggression and self-love.

Many researchers have been occupied with the subject of grammatical rules, in the past and present times, in an attempt to reach the principles and rules governing the total judgment. The tendency of recent scholars seems to examine the books in full, following and contradicting those who have preceded them, revealing a careful consideration of the linguistic and terminological thought. “Muhgni Allabeeb” for Ibn Hisham (Died 761 H) and AlKullyat Dictionary for Alkafawi (Died 1094 H) were studied comparatively via the universal bases that showed the specificity of scientific thought. This study falls in some preliminaries, the discussion of parameters of the prototypes in the Two Books in terms of the intellectual and methodological references of the two books. The terms “whole” and “totalities” are studied in addition to the models and their common characteristics.

The issue of violence has become the subject of much attention. Violence can include physical assault such as hitting, pushing, shoving, etc., causing severe harms such as psychological harm, maldevelopment, abuse or deprivation. Child abuse or child maltreatment is a kind of violence committed by a parent or a caregiver (e.g., babysitter, teacher), which are far more harmful and costly both to persons and to society. It threatens children’s survival and development.
The current study tries to explore the major dramatic theme of child abuse presented in the two different British and Iraqi plays. Recently, the world has witnessed many calamities and crises at all levels mainly in politics and society. This theme reflects issues at the heart of society but which whenever presented on the stage cause shock and denial. Violence is an important and urgent tool of theatrical art which is almost always a response to life.
This paper will take a look at the plays of two contemporary British and Iraqi writers; Edward Bond and Ali Al-Zaidi. Both have always argued the topic of violence, particularly child abuse in their plays to make us critically aware of why and how we can respond to life. Their writings have been affected by political, social, economic and environmental conditions, making them expose reality and provoke man, restore and formulate reality in a new way.

The indications of the physical coding of the actor in the mime shows carry a high visual language that depends on the performance of the actor to form the visual image that the show seeks. The research aims to identify the significance of the physical coding of the actor's performance in the mime shows from the use of the code and the symbol. The research community included twelve presentations, and the research sample included three presentations that were intentionally chosen and included the mime presentations that were presented in Iraq between 2010 and 2015. The research found that the body is one of the most important physical coding mechanisms for producing performance symbols.

The research aims to identify the effect of the partners ’strategy on achievement and This research aims to find out the impact of the partners' strategy on achievement and motivation of first intermediate grade students in the subject of social studies. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the experimental approach and chose the experimental design for the two experimental and partial control groups. The research sample amounted to 62 students, including 32 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group, and they were rewarded in a number of variables, including the grades of the previous school year, the chronological age of the students, and intelligence. The researcher designed an achievement test consisting of 30 items of multiple choice to measure achievement, and a measure of motivation consisting of 30 items to measure motivation and applied them at the end of the experiment after verifying their psychometric properties. When analyzing the data using the T-test, it was found that the experimental group outperforms the control group in achievement and motivation.