Journal of Techniques

E-health Industry 4.0 systems ranking based on Blockchain is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, considering the multiple evaluation properties, their significance, and data variety. The final closeness between the evaluation sample and ideal solutions also constitutes an optimisation problem. To the authors’ knowledge, no study has provided a multi-privacy and security ranking approach solution for E-health Industry 4.0 systems based on Blockchain. Consequently, this study proposes and discusses a multi-privacy and security ranking approach solution for E-health Industry 4.0 systems, utilising the SFS-FWZIC method to address the significance of properties issue and the Grey-TOPSIS method to tackle data variation, multiple evaluation properties, and the ideal solutions optimisation problem. The methodology of the proposed approach consists of three sections. First, three decision matrices are constructed based on the intersection of E-health systems with the mentioned properties, intersecting Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), and Personal Health Records (PHRs) with seven properties. Second, the weights of each privacy and security property are calculated using the SFS-FWZIC method. Finally, the weights determined by the SFS-FWZIC method and the three decision matrices are input into the Grey-TOPSIS method to rank E-health systems across the three categories. The findings reveal the following: (1) The SFS-FWZIC method effectively assigned weights to privacy and security properties, with access control achieving the highest significance weight (0.1934) and Secure-search receiving the lowest weight (0.0603). (2) The Grey-TOPSIS method efficiently ranked E-health systems across the three categories based on various parameters, including α=0.1,α=0.3,α=0.5,α=0.7,and α=0.9. Sensitivity and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the results, revealing high correlation results based on each α value across all discussed scenarios of changing property weights. The implications of this study can lead to better decision-making, improved security and privacy, increased competition, and widespread adoption, ultimately contributing to more efficient and effective healthcare delivery.

The significance of energy management using sustainable energy sources and the merits of DC in AC microgrids are due to less complexity, smaller size, and fewer conversion stages. In this paper, we propose a standard-islanded DC microgrid with photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) primary sources and a supercapacitor (SC) storage unit. The proposed system provides high-quality energy supplied to the DC load under different levels of solar irradiation and changing loading situations. Taking into account the slow dynamic response of the FC, the SC provides transient periods under various conditions to maintain stability of the system. Because of the nonlinear system's behavior, differential flatness-based control has been applied mainly in nonlinear systems where the number of variables to the outputs is reduced with a robust control system established through inherited parameter reductions and equality constraints due to the system trajectories (x, u) is straightforwardly estimated from flat output trajectories y and their derivatives without any differential equation integration. The PI control is executed when the SC adjusts the DC bus voltage variation. Therefore, the objective is to provide management that ensures stable DC bus voltage and arranges power sharing between variable sources and power balance with a load. Flatness PI has been investigated and has proven effective in offering faster response without overshoot and greater robustness.

Implantable biomedical (IBM) systems and biomedical sensors can improve life quality, identify sickness, monitor biological signs, and replace the function of malfunctioning organs. However, these devices compel continuous battery power, which can be limited by the battery's capacity and lifetime, reducing the device's effectiveness. The wireless power transfer (WPT) technique, specifically magnetic resonator coupling (MRC), was utilized to address the limited battery capacity of IBMs. By using WPT–MRC, the device can obtain power wirelessly, thereby reducing the need for frequent battery replacements and increasing the device's potential. In this research, spider-web coil (S-WC) based MRC–WPT was conceived and carried out experimentally to enhance low-power IBM's rechargeable battery usage time. The presented S-WC–MRC–WPT design uses series–parallel (S–P) configuration to power the IBM. Both transmitter and receiver coils exhibit an operating oscillation frequency of 6.78 MHz. The paper reports on experiments performed in the laboratory to assess the performance of the proposed design in terms of output DC at three different resistive loads and transmission distances with alignment conditions among the receiver and the transmitter coils. Various transfer distances ranging from 10 to 100 mm were investigated to analyze the DC output current (Idc). Specifically, under a 30 V voltage source (VS) and a transfer distance of 20 mm, the DC output current was observed to be 330, 321, and 313 mA at resistive loads of 50, 100, and 150 Ω, respectively.

The wound healing process is considered one of the most important elements of progress in the health and medical reality alike, because it has a direct impact on the patient’s life, especially those who suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and others. All over the world, especially in developing countries, many people are exposed to afflictions due to the lack of ability to heal wounds or the delay in their recovery. The healing of wounds is always attributed to the ability of the affected skin to produce an electric current that helps the migration of stem cells and platelets to the place of extraction for the sake of healing, this is why electrical stimulation ES devices played an important role in the process of stimulation and wound treatment through using the high voltage pulsed current HVPC, low voltage pulsed current LVPC, direct current DC or pulse current PC. In this study, we review some of the important works that touched on this field in terms of the aim of their studies and the outcome that was reached, and the results were extracted. We also discuss the problems that faced researchers, especially those problems that Their studies miss it.

Surface deformation analysis plays a crucial role in understanding geodetic phenomena and their implications for hazard assessment, infrastructure management, and environmental studies. In recent years, the incorporation of synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and advanced processing techniques have been used to monitor surface deformation. One such technique, LiCSBAS, has shown great promise in analyzing InSAR time series data to accurately detect and quantify surface displacements. It has been successfully employed in various geodetic monitoring scenarios such as landslide monitoring, infrastructure stability assessment, and volcanic deformation analysis. In this study, studies were reviewed in which performance evaluation and comparison of LiCSBAS with other technologies were discussed as well as future developments and challenges in this field. The results of a review of previous studies show the effectiveness of LiCSBAS in detecting and analyzing surface deformation, allowing for a better understanding of geodetic processes. This overview will provide a set of ideas that will assist stakeholders involved in surface deformation analysis and geodetic monitoring and contribute to decision-making to achieve sustainable development.

A Circular Polarization (CP) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system was used in this study with additional components for contemporary communication systems developed. There are 4 elements in the model. On the printed circuit board, each element has a dual-fed with two ports positioned at each of the four corners of smart devices (PCB). A Rogers RO3003 substrate with a dielectric structure size of (64.59 × 64.59) mm2. geometrical shape 50-Ohm microstrip lines are used to feed the antenna ports. To accomplish polarization and variety properties, microstrip feed lines are positioned orthogonally. According to the paradigm results, the operational frequency for each port was 4.25 GHz, and the system's operating frequency was 4.23 GHz while diversity gains (DG) of the MIMO antennas were about 10, the gain was suitable (around 7 dB), and Less than 0.0001 was the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). Additionally, the outcomes demonstrate that the MIMO system may operate in a sub-6 band that is ideal for smart device applications.

Device-free localization (DFL) has emerged as a transformative technology for tracking objects and individuals without requiring them to carry electronic devices. This paper reviews two pivotal techniques of DFL: Link Quality Measurement and Link Scattering techniques. Link Quality Measurement focuses on evaluating the quality of wireless links through metrics like Received-Signal-Strength and Channel-State-Information, offering simplicity and reliability. Meanwhile, Link Scattering harnesses signal reflections and diffractions caused by environmental obstacles to estimate device-free target positions. This review provides insights of Link Quality Measurement, Link Scattering methods and highlighting DFL metrics. By shedding light on these critical aspects, it offers valuable insights into the current state of DFL technology and its potential in diverse domains, ranging from smart environments to security systems

This study provides a review of the literature and an overview of optical fibers, as it is considered the highest class of intelligent materials, and there are many varieties and divisions based on the requirements of the manufacturer, it will review Optic Fiber Sensors (OFS) for measuring temperature and humidity. It has been divided into four main sections: The end user, and the environment. OFS Application in Healthcare, Impact OFS Qatar, Effect of chemical and mechanical properties of OFS Effect of external temperature changes in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for OFS Due to its unique characteristics, such as small size, lack of electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, weights that allow sensing, accuracy, and very high dynamic range, it generates a fiber-optic sensor that is easy to manufacture and operate at the lowest possible cost. In addition, the development of Dispersive Sensor Systems (DSS) and OFS has found applications in both healthcare settings and strategies in biomedical research and structural Health Care Monitoring (HCM) to enhance the adoption of fiber-based medical equipment. Optics are two areas in which OFS has yet to realize its huge potential fully. The most recent published studies (2010-2023) were our main focus except for a few cases.

Due to the repeated cycles of charging and discharging, battery manufacturers cannot ensure perfect cell balance. Cell balancing is considered essential for equalizing each battery cell to the same state of charge level in a series configuration. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries can be damaged or have their lifespan decreased by improper discharge processes. This study investigates battery balance during discharge by analyzing the state of charge (SoC) and current distribution of a 3-cell battery pack based on a multi-transformer shared flyback converter (F-C) under varying load conditions. A balanced approach is employed to control individual cells using a dedicated switch for each cell during the discharge process. The results indicate that the proposed active balancing method can enhance the Li-ion pack's balancing capacity while reducing the disparity in residual energy among the battery cells. The unique contribution of this research lies in the active balancing approach, which offers efficient and effective battery management during discharge. This approach provides crucial insights for the future development of improved battery systems. Therefore, Given the linearly decreasing target SoC, the average error over all time points is approximately 4.29%.

The friction spot welding process is used to join the hybrid joint of aluminium to polymer. AA 1050 Aluminum alloy and polyethylene polymer (type of plastic) were used for joining. Aluminium surface treatment was done to increase the wettability of it. The surface treatment was done by electrochemical treatment. Two parameters of the joining process were used: (1, 1.5 and 2) min. (920, 1340 and 1500) rpm for time and rotational speed, respectively. Many tests for the joint are done: shear test and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the Minitab program, the effect of the parameters on the joint was analysed. The maximum value of the shear force was (1587 N) at 1.5 min. time and 1340 rpm rotational speed. The minimum shear force was (589 N) at 1 min. time and 920 rpm rotational speed. The joints which were tested failed by an interfacial shear with a ductile fracture of the polymer side. The process of joining mechanism occurred through a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and the surface of the AA 1050 aluminium specimen, cohesive and adhesive. The average thickness for the joint of the tested specimens was 4μm.

Facial recognition is one of the most important biometrics that many researchers are increasingly studying, as it is used in various applications such as surveillance, security, law enforcement, information, person identification, smart cards, access control, etc. There is a fundamental relationship between the development of facial recognition algorithms and the possibility of the existence of databases of different faces that influence the appearance of the face in a constrained manner. Standard datasets of images of appropriate size for a subject should be accessible to the public to compare the performance and assessment of identification or verification of a facial recognition system. This paper aims to present a review of the most popular 2D unmasked and masked face datasets available in the current century that are accessible for free download or can be certified with an acceptable effort, where these databases are suitable for training and testing 2D face recognition approaches. Also, this review discussed the evaluation metrics for face recognition and their two types of tasks (identification and verification).

In this research, a developed welding technique (IL-FSSW) was used to bond alloys from aluminum with pure Copper. Aluminum alloy was used AA5052-H112 and pure Copper with an intermediate layer from the same base metal with a thickness of 2mm in the present study. The mechanism of achieving spot welding in this process differed from that of the conventional FSSW process in terms of introducing the Intermediate layer (IL) and using a pinless tool to solve the keyhole problem. In addition, the work is based on the use of solid-state welding to eliminate the problems of conventional fusion welding methods, and this reduces the additional operations or subsequent treatments of welding and makes them unnecessary. The work was evaluated by examining the tensile shear strength and analyzing the microstructure using light microscopy. The results showed a good joint appearance with shallow keyholes. The failure load value from the shear tensile test was 5008 N, obtained at 1400 rpm, feeding 20 mm/s, soaking time 20 seconds, and preheating 20 seconds, which was higher after comparing with the required strength value by the requirements of the American Welding Society. The microstructure images of the cross-section of the sample showed a change in the size of the crystalline grains between the welded zone and the base metal.

The use of wickless heat pipe heat exchangers has been improving a wide range of thermal applications such as solar water heaters. Therefore, more scientific research needs to be conducted to improve its performance. In the present study, a wickless heat pipe heat exchanger test rig has been designed and fabricated to investigate the effect of different parameters on its performance. Two different heat pipe working fluids have been used namely pure water and water with nanoparticles (Al2O3) using different fluid volume ratios (20%,40%,60%,80%, and 100%). The concentrations of the nanoparticles in water range between 1.3 and 7 % wt. For the heat exchanger, various inlet hot air temperatures (50, 55, and 60 oC) have been tested at the hot side (heat pipe evaporator) whereas the inlet temperature of the cold side (heat pipe condenser) has been maintained at 20 oC. The effect of airflow Reynolds number has also been examined with a range of 2583-20664. Results showed that the best heat exchanger effectiveness is achieved at a Reynolds number of 10332 and nanoparticles concentration of 7% wt. Also, the use of nanoparticles reduced the thermal resistance in the heat pipe due to the significant reduction in its surface temperature compared to that of pure water.

The research dealt with the concepts of time and architectural thought and the extent of the influence of Ideas derived from the element of time on the variation and differentiation of architectural movements and schools, by reviewing a group of vocabulary such as nostalgia, present, and looking forward to the future, the null of the present and immortality in architecture and the null or deferred future, and the study of the duration of its reflection on architectural thought to lead to the differentiation of each of the architecture of Mesopotamia, Classical architecture, Modern architecture, Post-modernism, and Autonomous architecture, Deconstruction architecture according to these terms. The problem of the research was the lack of clarity on the influence of the element of time and its role in the differentiation of architectural thought. The main goal of the research is to focus on the role of the element of time in the differentiation and uniqueness of architectural thought. As for the research hypothesis, it focused on emphasizing the role of thought that distinguishes time in the differentiation of architectural thought, which in turn guarantees the uniqueness of societies, and the most important finding of the research is that Classical architecture is distinguished by its interest in the principle of nostalgia, and that there are some trends in Contemporary Iraqi Architecture based on the principle of nostalgia represented by nostalgia for formal elements, and that modern architecture urged in most of its buildings nostalgia for the present.

An attempt has been made to evaluate the water quality of the Tigris River in the central of Iraq. 13 physical and chemical factors were monitored at 5 monitoring stations from October 2021 to September 2022. Water quality index (WQI) technique, namely, the Bascaron Water Quality Index (BWQI) was used to explore the quality of the river, which is one of the most applied indices to assess the river's water quality. The result presented was that the WQI final values dropped from the north to the south gradually and were determined to be between 57.08 and 70. The Jisr Diyala station had the lowest WQI rating, while the Balad station had the greatest value. The water quality of the Tigris River in the study area has been classified as "medium" water quality according to BWQI. This is mostly caused by the increase of agricultural, domestic, and industrial activities that increase the amount of pollution in the river when the water is flowing southward

Punching shear is one of the possible failures that must be taken into consideration in designing concrete slabs and foundations. Several factors control the occurrence of this failure mechanism, such as slab thickness, concentrated loads, and the cross-section area of the supporting columns. The cross-section shape of columns may also affect the punching shear in flat slabs. Therefore, this research was specified to study the effect of the columns' cross-section shape on the punching shear in flat slabs by conducting a simulation analysis for two multi-story concrete buildings with a flat slab but with different structural stability systems, building layout, and column distribution, where five cross-section shapes (square, rectangular, circular, hexagonal, and octagonal) were tested. ETABS 2016 software was adopted for modeling and analysis to identify the optimum column shape leading to minimizing punching shear. Although the cross-section area and the reinforcement area of the columns were fixed while changing the models’ column shapes, it was found, in both buildings, that hexagonal columns performed better than others under punching shear and provided the lowest punching shear ratio. In contrast, circular columns gave the lowest resistance. Octagonal, square, and rectangular columns, respectively, follow the hexagonal columns in resisting punching shear.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is known to target the liver, potentially leading to liver diseases. There's a notable link between dyslipidemia, an anomaly in lipid levels, and HBV infection. This research seeks to delve into the relationship between abnormal lipid profiles and HBV infection. The current study analyzed 90 participants; 50 of whom were patients with chronic HBV infection, and the remaining 40 were healthy individuals serving as the control group. Each participant took part in interviews and contributed blood samples for the analysis of their lipid profiles. The Cobas C 311 Roche System was employed to measure levels of HDL, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and VLDL cholesterol, adhering to established lab protocols. The results showed that the HBV patient group had significantly elevated serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels when compared to the healthy controls. Conversely, the HDL levels in the patient group were notably lower. Serum VLDL levels did not show any significant variation between the groups. The study identified altered lipid profiles in HBV patients, suggesting increased dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risks. Additional investigation is required to identify the root causes and suggest appropriate solutions.

Today, computers and digital devices are an indispensable part of our daily lives, and dentistry is no exception. Dentistry has adopted a number of digital technologies, including CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and manufacturing) systems. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the current state of knowledge on dental alloy manufacturing using subtractive and additive techniques for metal ceramic restoration. On this topic, an electronic systematic review was conducted in various databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar searches), as well as a hand search of the scientific literature. Published work was collected, analyzed, and relevant articles were chosen for inclusion in this review from 2008 to 2021. The online databases were searched for articles published that appeared between 2008 and 2021, with no time or language constraints we grouped relevant search terms together, such as "Computer-Aided Design, CAD/CAM, dentistry, dental fabrication, restoration, additive manufacturing." We recognized publications individually and systematically screened titles, summaries, and complete texts of the obtained publications. The findings indicate that current knowledge is sufficient to recommend subtractive manufacturing for crowns and fixed dental restorations for routine clinical use, with improvements in each of the current metal-ceramic veneering materials and procedures. According to the review, several digital technologies, such as systems of computer aided design and aided manufacturing were used in different dental specialties. Application of CAD/CAM technology provided numerous benefits while posing few limitations.

Dopamine (DA) plays a key role in the body's regulation of insulin production. This study aimed to estimate insulin and dopamine 2 receptors in type 2 diabetic patients. The study included 180 subjects aged (20-65) years during the period from November 2022 to March 2023. They were divided into two groups: 120 patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (60 males and 60 females), and 60 healthy individuals (30 males and 30 females) as a control group. The biochemical tests (insulin and dopamine 2) were measured by the Human Insulin ELISA kit and Human Dopamine 2 receptor ELISA kit in Bioassay Technology Laboratory. The HbA1c, urea, and creatinine were measured by the kit from Roche/ Hetachi Diagnostics Ltd Company. The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured to diagnose all patients with T2DM and controls to confirm the subjects with T2DM. The samples were obtained from the AL Kinday Hospital and Endocrine Center in Baghdad, Iraq.
The results of this study explained that the patients and controls were comparable in age, gender, and smoking status with no significant differences (P> 0.05). while results reported that there was a greater significant difference (p<0.01) in levels of the mean for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and a significant difference (p<0.05) in urea and creatinine levels between the type 2 diabetic patients and the controls there was a significant difference detected in values of insulin and dopamine 2(p<0/05) between the patient and control groups.
It can be concluded from our study that those who had type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher levels of dopamine and insulin when compared with the control group

For many years, gypsum compounds have been used in dentistry. They're used to make casts for various dental laboratory operations. Gypsum products have important characteristics such as "quality, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, hardness, linear setting expansion during setting, and detail replication". Additionally, the use of additives such as gum arabic, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, and calcium carbonate has greatly improved the compressive strength of gypsum products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) addition on the hardness and compressive strength of dental stones. Thirty dental stone specimens of (type III) were prepared and separated into (3) groups: group (A) control group, no additives, group (B) 3% Y2O3, and group (C) 5% Y2O3. The control and experimental groups' mechanical parameters (surface hardness and compressive strength) were measured, and a Shore D hardness tester was used to indent the specimens. An electronic universal testing apparatus with computer control was used to conduct the compressive strength test. The Tukey-HSD test found no difference in surface hardness between the control and experimental groups, a non-significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +3% Y2O3, and a significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +5% Y2O3. Between dental stones with 3% and 5% Y2O3, there was a substantial difference in compressive strength. The addition of yttrium oxide at weight ratios of 3% and 5% to dental stone did not affect the surface hardness. The addition of 5% yttrium oxide decreased the compressive strengths.

Water pipe (WP) is also referred to as Narghile, Hubble-bubble, Ghoza, and Hookah, depending on the country. Water pipe tobacco smoking is a type of tobacco consumption that involves smoking flavored or unflavored tobacco via a single or multi-stemmed instrument. The objective of the study knowledge and attitudes about water pipe (shisha) smoking. A descriptive cross-sectional study design (mixed methods design) was carried out at the technical institute –Suwaira. Included (240) students. The sampling technique was a random sample, and data was collected using an interview with students, from December 2021 to March 2022. Results of the study show demographic characteristics of students' age groups (21-24) years (50.0%), type of smoking (21.2%) of smoking both (cigarettes and water pipes), the overall level of knowledge to study sample about waterpipe smoking was intermediate knowledge (67.1%). The conclusions of the study show a majority of participants were smoking (52.1%), and most of them were smoking both (Cigarettes, Water pipes). Knowledge of students about waterpipe smoking was more (Yes) responses are harmful to health, the overall level of knowledge about waterpipe smoking was intermediate and poor knowledge. The study recommends great interest to the Ministry of Health and the consideration of the adjustment of strategies to improve knowledge, change attitudes, and correct the misconceptions about the habit of WPS, especially among students in colleges and universities

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant global threats to human health in recent times, and it limits the achievement of several of the sustainable development goals. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most essential multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of (MRSA) from different clinical samples to emphasise the suitable treatment. One hundred fifty different clinical samples were collected. All these samples were subjected to classical microbiological testing, which included culturing directly on mannitol salt agar and antibiotic susceptibility test (A.S.T). The results observed that only 32 out of 150 samples of MRSA isolates were identified using cefoxitin 30 (μg) as a screening antibiotic, as suggested by CLSI. These 32 MRSA isolates showed resistance toward penicillin and cefoxitin, high sensitivity against vancomycin, and moderate resistance against doxycycline and azithromycin. Considering the phenotyping resistance toward macrolide antibiotic groups, 10/32 (31.25%) showed S-phenotype,18/32 (52.65%) showed R-phenotype,4/32 (12.5%) showed D-phenotype while no MRSA isolated showed D+ phenotype. This study concludes that inducible clindamycin resistance of S. aureus (MRSA) increases the difficulty of treating S. aureus bacterial infections.

The concept of enterprise resource planning depends on knowledge and the production of knowledge and its optimal use to determine the nature of the economy and its activities and means. Plan and expand the resources, methods, and techniques used in these activities.
Research, planning, and development are important factors in the economy, and countries seek to invest in this important activity to achieve a renewable and diversified source of research and development. The economic institutions of these countries have become a window to get rid of surplus production that exceeds the need of the local market to be able to create a future vision for the possibilities of advancing this activity and its vital role for the economy and society. For it to be a model that can be applied, followed, and benefited from in drawing a picture of a bright role in an effective economic activity, despite the difficulty of obtaining some data and indicators related to this important activity in Iraq and some of them. This led to an increase in the volume of international competition based on product quality and lower costs and prices.

Many datasets about food sales, these datasets contain different features depending on the data present. Also, the way these features are correlated differs from one dataset to another. The researchers used several artificial intelligence algorithms and applied them to food sales datasets. Despite the necessary pre-processing and cleaning of the datasets, some of the algorithms used in these studies did not give the desired results. Therefore, this study proposes a model based on two objectives, the first objective is to make a comparison between three different food sales datasets. the second objective is to apply three various Artificial Intelligence algorithms to obtain the best algorithm that gives the highest prediction accuracy with the specified dataset. Some studies used classical machine learning algorithms, some used deep learning algorithms, and others used ensemble techniques. To achieve a comprehensive comparison, one algorithm was chosen from each of the above. To measure the correlation between features used a tool available from the Seaborn library in Python. This tool is called a “Heatmap”. For comparison, used three datasets on which we performed the necessary preprocessing operations, after applying three algorithms, these algorithms are Multilayer perceptron, RANSAC, and Bagging regression. Then used several metrics to measure the accuracy of the algorithm applied to the specified dataset. Finally, identified the best dataset that gives excellent prediction results with these algorithms. The results showed that the first dataset gave ideal accuracy by using the Bagging regression algorithm, unlike the second dataset with medium correlation and the third dataset with weak correlation. This study lays the foundation for subsequent studies and saves them time in terms of choosing the datasets.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of using the (COSO) framework on audit quality in the Media and Communications Commission in Baghdad, Iraq. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to (N-153) participants. The study results showed that the COSO framework positively affects the quality of the review.
The researcher recommended focusing on risk management within the five components of the COSO framework for its importance in improving the quality of auditing and training internal audit staff to raise their efficiency level by involving them in training courses. It was also recommended that the Internal Audit Authority should be supported in adopting a unified methodology and adhering to international standards to raise the level of the internal audit profession.

Estimating the fuzzy lasso regression model when the data suffers from the problem of multicollinearity because of the failure of using the fuzzy least squares method in estimating the model by using the fuzzy theory using a triangular function, as the fuzzy lasso regression gives better results by comparing the results with the squares method fuzzy minimum using the mean square error (MSE) criterion The simulation results showed that the fuzzy lasso regression method gave less MSE than the fuzzy least squares method in the presence of the problem of multicollinearity in the data

The research aimed to test the effect of social capital, namely (structural, relational, and cognitive), on job performance through the mediating role of knowledge exchange processes (donating and collecting knowledge) in the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive and analytical approach was used by distributing a questionnaire to the employees working in the Ministry's office, where 300 questionnaires were distributed according to the simple random sample, and the response rate was (92%), as the valid questionnaires for statistical analysis reached (278) forms. Structural equation modeling with AMOS v.28 was used to build a model and analyze the relationships in addition to the SPSS v.28 program. The research reached a set of results, including the existence of significant correlation and influence relationships between social capital, knowledge exchange, and job performance, in addition to the fact that knowledge exchange mediates positively the relationship between social capital and job performance. The most important recommendations were the design of strategies aimed at encouraging the Ministry's employees to engage in social interaction activities and knowledge exchange to improve job performance.

The aim of the research is to present the concept of the profitability multiplier model and to study the extent to which this P/E model can measure the real value of common stocks as it is one of the important models in helping investors know the difference between the market value of common stocks and the real value, and to prove the research hypothesis, the research sample was chosen for the financial sector And the selection of a group of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, consisting of thirteen banks for the extended period (2015-2019).
The results of the research reached the ability of the profit multiplier model to explain the true value of the common shares of the research sample and the Iraqi environment, where the results concluded that all the values measured according to the research model were greater than the market value and this helps investors to increase their chance of achieving higher profits, It also indicates that there is a weakness in the efficiency of the market.

The transportation problem is one of the applications of linear programming problems. The traditional transportation problem assumes that the decision maker is sure of the transportation costs, supply, and demand for the product, but there are many cases in which the decision maker is not able to accurately determine the objective function data and/or constraints, so the fuzzy theory was used so that the decision-maker can determine that data. In this study, fuzzy Russell’s approximation method (FRAM) was developed to solve the fuzzy transport problem (FTP) when all the transport, supply, and demand cost parameters of the product are fuzzy numbers to get an initial basic feasible solution (IBFS). The fuzzy modify distribution method (FMDM) was also developed to test the fuzzy optimum solution from the accepted IBFS. The proposed methods are efficient, subtle, and easy to apply. To clarify the mechanism of action of these methods, an example was taken from real life and the problem of fuzzy transportation was solved in it.

This research includes analyzing the impact of organizational citizenship behavior of customer contact employees on the quality of services provided to them. Accordingly, the descriptive analytical approach of the impact of OCB on customer contact personnel on service quality in the municipality was adopted. A random sample was selected consisting of (194) individuals working in the upper, middle, and executive management, administrators, and supervisors of service activities in all departments of the municipality. Which represents part of the research community of (437). The questionnaire was the tool for data collection. Statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the quantitative analysis using the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) to test the hypotheses proved that there is a significant effect of the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior on service quality. The attention to organizational citizenship behavior was at an average level, with weakness in the application of some dimensions of (OCB), which led to a defect in the quality of services provided to citizens. Accordingly, this research suggests motivating employees and encouraging them to perform work with organizational citizenship behaviors and pushing them towards creativity in addition.