Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

NF-B (Nuclear Factor Kappa B) is a crucial transcription factor that is essential for host survival during pathogen infection in animal and human. Therefore, it has been a main goal for numerous pathogens to modify cellular NF-κB activity to create an environment conducive to their survival within the host. In the present study, the cell line type (SW480) was used as a model of colon cancer cells. Subsequently and through using western blotting, the effect of ORF3 protein on TNF- induced NF-B activation was observed by detecting the NF-B p65 subunit in the nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts. The results appeared that p65 translocated into the nucleus when stimulated by TNF-α in the control groups (GFP and mock cells). However, weak nuclear translocation was seen in ORF3-expressing cells. Moreover, the experiment revealed the ORF3 protein in SW480 inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 protein. After TNF-α stimulation, the difference in the band intensity of NF-κB protein in the nuclear fraction of control groups cells from each GFP group (A3) and mock cells (B3) was significantly higher compared with nuclear extract from Orf3expressed cells (C3 , P = 0.0001). In conclusion, the current study was confirmed that HEV ORF3 protein inhibits the activity of cellular NF-κB in human colon cancer cells.

The objective of the current study was evaluating the status of blood serum biochemical parameters in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus induced after experimental total pancreatectomy in local crossbreeding dogs. The biochemical assay was taken before the surgical operation and on the last two days of the insulin treatment period and after termination of insulin therapy till death of animals due to ketoacidosis after detecting severe ketonuria on urinalysis by urine stripe test when insulin withdrawn. Results of estimating the various biochemical parameters revealed a significant increase in the blood serum level of liver enzymes [Alanine amino transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Aspartate amino transaminase], total cholesterol and potassium ions, while a significant decrease in chloride ions took place in both insulin treatment and withdrawal periods. On the other hand, significant increases in blood serum levels of triglyceride, total bilirubin, sodium ions, and blood urea nitrogen with significant decrease in total calcium was occurred in the insulin withdrawal period only. In conclusion, the first mentioned biochemical parameters might be involved in the pathogenesis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus while the later mentioned parameters which exhibited significant changes only after cessation of insulin therapy might be involved in the pathogenesis of surgically induced diabetic ketoacidosis in dogs.

The current study aimed to ascertain the impact of acute codeine dose (0.50 and 1 ml/ 250g), on the histolopathological profile of the liver and kidney in male rats. A synthetic antispasmodic substance with comparatively low toxicity is opioid derivatives (Codeine), In present study results found that normal histological structure, except Some minor changes were shown in the control group (antihistamine syrup, which does not contain codeine), while the groups II and III contain overdose treatment of codeine were reveal that the over dose of codeine involved inflammation cells infiltrations in the liver parenchyma, congestion of blood vessel, fatty degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and pyknotic of hepatocytes nuclei. However, renal damage profiles were seen in the kidneys of treated rats, kidney reveal necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration of lining of the renal tubules, and enlarged lumen intracellular space. Red blood cells flooded the intertubular gaps and congested the renal blood vessels. conclusion that opioid derivatives (Codeine) poisoning caused renal and hepatocellular damage.

The present study was conducted to molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in infected cows and it is infested ticks in Mosul, Iraq using nested polymerase chain reaction technique (N-PCR) and to investigate the phylogenetic analysis of A. phagocytophilum diagnosed in this study. A total of 50 blood samples (3 ml) were collected from cows in various areas of Mosul city. Additionally, 169 hard ticks were collected from different parts of infected cows. Results revealed that the infection rate of A. phagocytophilum in cows at Mosul city was 72% and in engorged female ticks was 81.2% using N-PCR technique. The infestation rate hard ticks on cows were 46% and four species of hard ticks were microscopically identified and classified includes Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (39.64%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (21.89%), Rh. sanguineus (23.07%) and Boophillus annulatus (15.38%) with significantly predominant Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. The individual sequencing analysis for five sequences of 16S rRNA gene includes: one extracted from cow blood and four extracted from engorgement female ticks. The sequences of A. phagocytophilum were recorded in the NCBI Genbank under the accession numbers (OR002120.1, OR002121.1, OR002122.1, OR002123.1 and OR002124.1). These sequences were highly identity (100%) to those sequences recorded in the NCBI Genbank such as (MT221233.1, MT221234.1) in Norway, (MK239930.1, MK239931.1) in Southern Korea, (MN170722.1, MN170722.1) in Spain, (MK814411.1, MK814412.1) in South Africa, (LC435049.1, LC435050.1) in Japan and (MH122889.1, OQ727069.1) in Poland, and Malawi respectively. This finding might be advantageous for the future studies and strategically control of this bacterium in the study area.

The anatomy and histology of the oviduct among different birds’ species is vitally ascribed to its functional role in eggs production, eggs quality, and fertilization. Therefore, understanding the morphological parameters of the adult female oviduct facilitates the accurate diagnosis of many diseases and prevents mortalities and production losses, the current article aims to review the morphological differences of the oviduct in four local domesticated birds: (Chickens) Gallus gallus domesticus, (Ducks) Ansa ansa domesticus, (Geese) Anser anser and (Turkey) Meleagris gallopavo. The results showed that the shape, length, width and weight of the oviduct varied among different bird species. Moreover, there were significant differences in the anatomical and histological measurements of the oviduct, such as the length of mucosal folds, the thickness of oviduct wall tunics and the distribution of glands. These differences were attributed to the relationship between the oviduct and egg weight, egg shape, fertility, and the size of pelvic bones. This review has effectively summarized the similarities and differences in oviduct morphological and histological parameters. providing valuable information on species reproductive traits and potential reproductive challenges.

The current study was conducted to detect fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis in naturally infected broilers and layers chickens in Basrah province, Iraq, on the basis of clinicopathological findings, and blood alterations. Suspected samples were obtained from several locations in Basrah province (Al-Hartha, Abo Alkaseb, and Al-Qurnah). The result of this study showed some birds presented clinical symptoms like the chicken reduced feed efficiency, weight loss, ruffled feathers, labored rapid breathing, coughing, and reduced consciousness. The blood tests revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in WBCs, heterophils, and lymphocytes. The results of biochemical revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in (ALT and AST and troponin titer) compared with healthy birds. The macroscopical of the internal organs showed severe accumulation of white typical fibrinous exudate in the pericardial sac. In addition, there is an enlargement of the liver with obvious of white typical fibrinous exudate in the parietal surface of the liver. The histopathological section of the heart showed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pericardial sac with fibrinous exudation. There is an edematous exudate in the myocardial muscle fibers. The histopathological section of the liver showed thick severe fibrinous exudate capsulated on the liver surface. The histochemical section of the heart and the liver showed bluish-positive staining of collagen and fibrin fibers that accumulate in the pericardial sac and in the hepatic capsular. The study concluded that fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis lead to an effect on the health status and performance of different species of chickens as a broiler or layer.