Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

In this project, 270 broiler chickens one day old were used to demonstrate the effect of the addition of the amino acid cysteine added to the diets of birds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on the liver and kidneys. The experiment was divided into 9 equal groups; & each group had 30 birds with 3 replicates, and each replicate had 10 birds. The control group was without addition. As for the treated groups, cysteine, and aflatoxin B1 were added to their diets at 40%, 80% & 160% cysteine, and aflatoxin B1 was added at 0 ml, 4 ml & 8 ml, respectively. The variables collected were liver & kidney histopathology, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. When adding cysteine to a bird's diet contains Aflatoxin B1 not observed in blood ALT amount. The histopathological examination showed fibrosis in the liver and degeneration and dilatation of cortical tubules in the kidney. The amount of AST in the blood was greater at 28 days of age, specifically in G2 (Cysteine 80%) &G3 (Cysteine 160%) at Aflatoxin B1 0 ml, which caused significant damage to the liver. The giving of cysteine 40, 80& 160% in birds' feed contaminated with AflatoxinB1 0, 4& 8ml, which is intake by birds, has harmful effects on the health of the liver.

The present study evaluates the effect of the extraction of Iraqi Date kernels oil (Sayer), and Malaysian palm oil on some. Haematological parameters during later gestation and lactation periods of female rats. The Iraqi palm kernel oil was collected and extracted using the Soxhlet, and the pure Malaysian kernel oil was purchased from Malaysia. The study was divided into two experiments; the first included 15 pregnant females at gestation days 17-19 divided into a first control group of late pregnancy and a second later pregnant administration with 150μL of IDKO, the third subgroup of later pregnancy administration with 150μL of MPKO. The second experiment, lactating was done on lactated mothers from one day of parturition until weaning day, divided into three subgroups: first control group second group lactated mother administration with groups compared with control groups. The parameters: RBC, Hb, PCV, platelets, and basophils increased significantly, and MCH, MCHC, MCV decreased significantly in IDKO and MPKO groups than control in the first experiment (17-19) GD. WBC count increased significantly in IDKO group than control and MPKO while lymphocytes decreased and neutrophils increased in MKPO group. The result from lactating study report that RBC count Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCH did not change significantly in all groups, while lymphocyte decreased. MCHC AND neutrophil increased IN IDKO and MPKO. In contrast, platelets and eosinophils increased significantly, and WBC s count and monocyte decreased in the IDKO group than control and MPKO group; WBCs and basophils elevated in MPKO more than in the control and IDKO. Conclusion: the administration of IDKO or MPKO supported and maintained hemopoietic tissue in pregnant and lactation states.

This study aimed to find out how different stress conditions (like temperature and pH) affect Salmonella enterica biofilm formation. This was done by looking at the phenotypic and genotypic features of isolates. 12 Salmonella enterica Isolate from animals, and 13 Salmonella enterica Isolate from people were used. S. enterica isolates were grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at (37°C, 25°C, and 42°C), and at pH levels (7, 5, and 9). The results revealed that the percentage was 52% in the standard conditions (temperature 37ºC and pH 7) while, in another condition, observed in the same temperature (37 °C) but with pH differences (pH 5, pH 9). S. enterica, did not produce biofilm. As for the stability pH in the, pH 7 with a change in, the temperature at 25°C percentage, biofilm produce (44%) while in 42 °C (64%). The detection rates of genes, biofilm-related PCR was used to find BapA and CsgD, were 100%. Although the biofilm formation of the phenotype did not give 100% results, the genotype gave 100%, which indicates that the gene is present but not expressed. Based on the findings in this study provided valuable information on the biofilm formation of Salmonella isolated from animals and humans.

The current investigation was done to study the characteristic anatomical features of the trachea in the swan geese (Anser cygnoides). For that purpose, the methods included using 10 birds (5 males 5 females) collected between October and March. The birds were euthanized, the trachea was collected, and features such as location, relationship, length, weight, and volume were reported. The results revealed that the trachea was located between (caudally) first tracheosyrnigeal cartilage border and (rostrally) in the caudal border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. The skeleton of the trachea and each ring of the tracheal cartilages included both broad and narrow regions, with the broad parts of adjacent rings overlapping the narrow parts of the adjacent rings. The trachea was joined to two muscles. Sternotracheolaryngeus muscles, also called sternotrachealis muscles, are a pair of large skeletal muscles securely attached to the trachea at the tenth ring of the distal half, cranial to the pessulus cartilage of the syrinx. They are easy to see, face forward, and come from the craniolateral process of the sternum. This serves as the primary origin of the caudolateral and caudomedial extrinsic muscles of the larynx. This study clearly shows the characteristic features of the trachea of the swan geese that could be useful buildups for future studies that deal with different sciences related to this important bird.

Serratospiculum species was diagnosed in thoracic cavity and air sacs of 15 starlings, with a percentage of 30% out of 50 starling birds examined for the first time in Mosul city/Iraq. Numbers of adult white worms were detected in the thoracic cavity ranging from 3-20 worms with mean intensity was 7.9. Large numbers of embryonated eggs were detected in the impression smears from the respiratory tract and uterus of worms measuring 52.4x25.93 µm with ranging 50-55x25-28.5 µm. These worms were characterized by possessing cuticular orientation, particularly in the anterior end. The female's posterior end is pointy, and her uterus is packed with a huge quantity of eggs. Moreover, the male's posterior end is characterized by the presence of spicules and papillae. At gross examination air saculitis and pneumonia were the most common lesions in infected birds. Histologically, embryonated eggs, adult worms with mild focal hemorrhage, mild myocardial degenerative changes, congestion of blood vessels and focal infiltration of lymphocytes, and plasma cells were diagnosed in the myocardium and lung tissues.