Kufa Journal of Arts

It was found through studying the hydrological characteristics of the Diwaniya River, represented by the discharge characteristics (annual, seasonal, monthly, food sources, river load, and physical and chemical qualitative characteristics) for the period (1987-2011) that it varies spatially and temporally in the study area due to the fluctuation of the amount of precipitation from one year to another and another season, in addition to the factor of the student's influence on the human goal built on the river. When comparing all the results of laboratory tests in the Diwaniya River with the permissible determinants of the river maintenance system from pollution by Law No. 25 of 1976, it was found that turbidity, electrical conductivity, magnesium and calcium for all sites outside the borders are permissible within the law, while the values ​​of the properties temperature, acidity, sodium and sulfates are within the permissible limits for all the most famous study sites.

The Holy Quran, this divine miracle, has important expressive features. These features play an important role in making the Quran a miracle. One of these miracles is the miracle of expression. Throughout history and until now, most writers, authors and poets have expressed their inability to write something like the Quran, and this trend is strengthening year after year. Scholars believe that there are aspects of the miracle of expression in the Quran, including: eloquence (the sweetness of words, their fluency, their indispensability, the lack of equivalence in words, etc.), rhetoric (literary letters such as similes, metaphors, etc.), soundness of expression, the soundness of similes and the beautiful music of the Quran. This research attempts to study different types of the miracle of expression in the Holy Quran related to eloquence and rhetoric using the descriptive analytical approach.

It is unlikely that the almost complete and precise science of prosody attributed to Khalil ibn Ahmad has no origin or root. He relied on the knowledge of his Arab and non-Arab ancestors in establishing this science. In this case, theorists have pointed to some non-Arabic examples of prosody. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni pointed to the Indian roots that Khalil seems to have used. Nizar Hassan al-Dirani also believes that he used Soriano’s prosody in one way or another. Safaa Khalousi and Kamal Ibrahim assert that Arabic prosody is an imitation of foreign prosody. It seems that non-Arabic sources have received the attention of theorists and the Arabic sources that were noticeable and perhaps used by Khalil were neglected. The question is how could Khalil have relied in his prosody only on foreign prosody without any use of Arabic sources? In this case, in addition to foreign sources, there were precedents, prototypes and patterns whose origins go back to the Arabic culture that he used. The authors turn to analyzing the sources, roots and predecessors of the prosody that Khalil derived from the Arabic cultural heritage and used in his work.

Abstract: The Qur’anic narrative means: defining the contract of the heart and senses, and what moves in the linguistic human being at all grammatical and syntactic levels. Because the Qur’an “in every surah and verse, and in every beginning and end, is characterized by one style that is constant. The components of the narrative discourse in the Qur’anic story are many, decreasing or increasing according to the nature of each story. In the story of Yunus (peace be upon him), the components of the different narratives are narrated in rhythm, degrees of repetition, meaning of meaning, some levels of narration, a different way of building the character, the effectiveness of the tools, and then time and its elements. Manifestations, this surah brings together three stories, the story of Noah, the story of Moses Pharaoh, and the story of Yunus (peace be upon him) between his time, and this story has been analyzed comprehensively and based on two levels: the level of the story (Histoire) discourse). Literary scholars have divided the discourse or form into three main axes: the narrative vision, the formula, and the narrative time. This research, which derives its origins from narratives, comes to study these rhetorical levels, revealing the narrative model, which increases the quality of the text, by studying the impact of these levels, in four main aspects of the text: the rhythmic aspect, the temporal aspect, the personal aspect, and the temporal aspect; and by presenting an applied study, from During the analysis of the Qur’anic verse, the method we adopted in this article is the descriptive analytical method.

This article deals with the technical structure of the Qur’anic story. At the beginning, we talked about the word story in language and terminology, and we talked about the characteristics of a successful story and the types of Arabic stories. Then we presented an analytical study of the stories of the Holy Qur’an and concluded our research with the results we obtained through the research. As for the methodology followed, the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an and the verses related to the Qur’anic stories were studied analytically and technically.

In the process of creating works of art, contemporary poets pay special attention to heritage due to its prominent position. Therefore, it has spread widely in their poetry. The reason is that heritage serves as a bridge between the past and the present. This study is an attempt to analyze the theme of heritage in the poetry of the contemporary Jordanian poet Ayman Al-Atoum. In addition to applying heritage in the text of his poems, the poet addresses the depiction of human challenges, crises of contemporary life, and problems facing Islamic and Arab society, especially topics closely related to Palestine. Accordingly, defending religious and national identity, the conflict with the Zionist entity, and subordination to the homeland are among the poet's most important motives for applying heritage in his poetry. This study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach with a focus on the sources of contemporary Arabic literature to analyze the topic. Finally, the study reached a conclusion that the use of heritage in the poet's poetry was not done unconsciously, but was created through full awareness and consciousness through which he tries to reveal the challenges of contemporary man on the one hand, and on the other hand. To give his poetry the characteristics of authenticity and rootedness. The most important aspects of heritage in Ayman Al-Atoum's poetry Religious, historical, literary, and Sufi heritage

It is clear that the function of the Prophet (peace be upon him) can be expanded to include issuing legislative orders that were not published in the Qur’anic text, in order to manage the public affairs of the nation. Society and resolve disputes between people. The scholars of the Muslim nation differed on the obligation to follow or not to follow; because it is not a revealed revelation. Some of them saw the obligation to act upon it and take it because it leads to a result from God. They are the Shafi’is and Zaidis. Some of them saw in this the effort of the Prophet. The Hanbalis, and they have the view that when the Prophet (peace be upon him) waits for an event, he intends to rule. And if it is not revealed to him, then he seeks inspiration from the ruling of the Sharia or legislation, according to them the Ibadi Hanafis. Thus, the legislative authority of the Prophet became clearer and narrower among the majority of Muslims and among the jurists and imams of the Islamic schools of thought, and praise be to God, Lord of all things.

The search for Imamate is a search with a sense of sensitivity and importance because we see that the Imam must be known, and when we search for the Imam and the appointment of the Imam after the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), we want to know the truth in that a controversial issue, then after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) in Islamic schools, Imamate became an important issue and a general presidency for all Muslims in the world to establish the provisions of Islamic law and carry the Islamic call to Islam. The world and the appointment of the Imam is an obligation on all Muslims in all countries of the world and to perform it, like imposing the duties that Allah imposed on Muslims and the necessity of not changing them and being strict in them and not performing them. For disobedience is one of the greatest major sins that Allah punishes with the most severe punishment, and the Imamis see that the Imam of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is the position of Allah, and it is not permissible for him to enter into it because the Imam (peace be upon him) (peace be upon him) is purified from all impurity and a believer and a scholar and a manager of the affairs of Muslims, so they see the Imamate after the Prophet (PBUH) and this research through the analytical method presents and studies the proof for Imam Ali (peace be upon him) through the Quranic verses and hadiths

Many historians and authors, Arabs and foreigners, Muslims and non-Muslims, have written about the personality of the pure friend Fatima al-Zahra™, and this research of mine entitled (Fatima al-Zahra™ in the visions of Imam Ali (a) has been determined in the subject of an aspect of the life of al-Zahra™ with Imam Ali (a) and the sacrifice that this virtuous global woman made whether in the field of married life or in other fields for which Islamic history has recorded a rich record and an example of a loyal wife. The research has shown the ideological and spiritual aspect that the Lady of the Women of the Worlds carries and her prominent standing in support of Imam Ali (a) and his jihadist journey in the battlefields as indicated by historians of Islamic history and those who wrote the noble hadith. The research revealed the simplicity of al-Zahra™ in family life and her management of household affairs, and some of the sayings of Imam Ali (a) regarding Fatima™ and the intimate relationships that history has not recorded after it like what was recorded for this personality, who was characterized by many qualities: (Fatima, the friend, the virgin, and the blessed, And the pure, the chaste, the contented, the inspired, the radiant, the part of the Messenger, peace be upon him, the houri, the infallible, the contented) and many blessed titles. We conclude our research on the revelation of the blessed verse to the House of Prophecy with the Almighty’s saying: {And indeed, We have revealed to you the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, the One Whose Name is ...

The title of the research is the effect of using the electronic slide show program on the achievement of middle school students in the subject of art education. The research problem was the following question: What is the effect of using the electronic slide show program on the achievement of middle school students in the subject of art education? The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the electronic slide show program on the achievement of middle school students in the subject of art education. The researcher reached the following results: There are no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups on the slide show scale in the post-measurement. To choose the validity of this hypothesis, the Mann-Wentie test was used to determine the significance of the hypotheses between the experimental and control groups if it showed that the calculated value equals (0.500) and is statistically significant when compared to the tabular value, which is equal to (23) at the significance level. This means rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis, i.e. there are two experimental and control groups after applying the program to display the slides in favor of the experimental group. The table shows the statistical value (Mann-Wentie) for individuals in the two groups (experimental and control) on the slide show scale after applying the slide show program to the experimental group.

The method of persuasion is an ancient innate art, but it did not emerge as an independent science until the twentieth century, where studies have proven that there are several things that must be available in the personality of the addressee in order to be able to achieve this method. In examining the personality of Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) through his debates, it became clear that his speech was persuasive to the first degree, relying on several techniques to achieve this, including linguistic, rhetorical and quasi-logical techniques. The study came out under the title "Secrets of Persuasion in the Debates of al-Baqir (peace be upon him)." The study came in an introduction and two chapters. The first chapter dealt with the definition of persuasion and conviction and the conditions that must be available in both parties, and the second chapter dealt with the methods of persuasion. It is clear from the study that the Imam applied all these techniques and used his words in order to convince the addressee according to his personalities; some of them reached the level of conviction, and some of them increased their stubbornness and unwillingness

The legal dimension of stylistic study depends primarily on reception, and on conscious reading without introducing a mood or belief that may negatively affect the validity of that reading, away from the divisions adopted by traditional Arabic rhetoric. This does not enter into a stylistic study that depends on the ability to understand and involve technical, literary and ideological tools at the same time. If language is a product of development and understanding differs according to the development of comprehension, perception and awareness, and what is given to language as a field for growth and development, then the understanding that we have reached now is not necessarily the same as what was previously given by critics and interpreters, and it is not necessarily the same as the understanding of future scholars, and in the coming days; because the study of language with a deep dimension has developed on two horizontal and vertical paths, that is; more understanding of literary and comprehension cases, and if this is the case, then there is no room for clinging to some old readings, or taking them as a sanctity, especially if these readings are issued by an infallible source.

Abstract: The topic of divine revelation - which is linked to the metaphysical dimension - raises questions among scholars, philosophers, philosophers, Sufis and others, who doubt the origin of this phenomenon, and between the believer and the believer. The people who fought in it. And its means using the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet. The importance of research on this topic and its importance appear in that revelation from God is the fundamental pillar in the prophecy of the prophets, peace be upon them, and the basis of legislation, belief, ethics and other aspects of life. Revelation in all its parts is directly related to all beings in general, especially since it represents the aspect of guidance - formative and legislative - to places of closeness to God Almighty and the blessings of His pleasure, and the achievement of His pleasure. Complete servitude. This research attempts to shed light on this unique divine phenomenon in all its details, in terms of defining revelation and explaining its sections, in appreciation of the bearer of revelation, which is Gabriel, peace be upon him. And mentioning some of its characteristics and characteristics, as well as explaining the types of revelation and its connection to the prophets. The Prophet to the end

The press and journalists in Iran had a kind of relative freedom in its early stages from the nineteenth century until the beginning of the constitutional movement in 1905. At that time, the country witnessed the issuance of the newspaper through the efforts of the Iranian government supported by the Shah. Its articles did not include any criticism of the state's policy and its way of dealing with the foreign presence in Iran. This paved the way for the intellectual elite who saw themselves as competent to issue a newspaper and magazine that represented the orientation of journalists and also the tendency of the Iranian people and their desire for liberation and emancipation. After the events of the constitutional movement in 1905, the Iranian government's policy changed towards freedom of the press, as a number of rules were issued to regulate the work of these newspapers and issuing new ones was not as easy as it was before. The censorship system set strict rules for the work of the press, especially during the critical times that Iran went through at that time. Not only that, but the state faced criticism due to the arrests and closure of the offices of newspapers that had anti-government positions. Although the efforts of intellectuals did not end there, but on the contrary, they increased. The first period of Shah Ahmad Qajar's rule (1909-1925) witnessed the emergence of hundreds of newspapers and magazines with different orientations.

This study aimed to identify the irregular plural structures that are affected by the change of vowels using phonetic study, in an attempt to clarify the reasons for the changes that occur in these structures in the case of the pluralization of some single words. The researcher reviewed the opinions of some ancient and modern scholars in modern phonetics, in which he addressed the interpretation of the changes in the irregular plural structures, then tried to explain this phonetically in a way that takes into account the linguistic reality as well as the linguistic reality. The trend towards achieving harmony in the structure of the Arabic word, which is based on the syllabic systems of the Arabic word, in addition to clarifying the cases of acceptance and rejection of assimilation within a single syllable. The study concluded that the contradiction between the two elements of assimilation where the two examples are consecutive, and what results from this contradiction in the confusion between the syllabic system as well as musical harmony is considered a major reason for many changes in musical structures. Irregular plural

The research entitled “Socialization Channels and Their Impact on Shaping the Personality of the University Student: A Field Study at Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University” included five basic topics, three of which were theoretical and two of which were field or practical. After writing a verse from the Holy Qur’an, then the dedication that went to the martyrs of Iraq, there was the general research framework that included the research abstract and introduction, then the research objectives, the importance of the research, and the research problem, while there was the first topic, which was concerned with studying and defining the basic concepts of the research, which were as follows. Personal socialization channels, then the process of influence, and finally the university student. There was also the second section, which provided a general view of some socialization channels, and presented a summary of the educational system in Iraq. The third section focused on studying the formation of the university student’s personality through some socialization channels, which are the family, means of communication and media (mobile, television), and finally the religious institution. After that, the field aspect began, which is the fourth section. First, the research methodology and hypotheses were established, then the temporal, spatial, and human areas of research, then the sample design, then the means of collecting data, most notably the questionnaire that was distributed to the Kufa Technical Institute, the Engineering Technical College in Najaf, and the Najaf Technical Institute. After that, the fifth section included a review of some of the results and recommendations related to the research, and finally, there was the conclusion, which represents the researcher’s vision of this topic. The end was with the sources and references that the researcher used in writing his advanced research.

The population changes have a clear impact on the city of Hillah due to the population increase and the consequences of population growth. The impact of this population growth is a population change event that affects the increase in the size of the city due to the inability of the old neighborhoods to accommodate the current population, which plays a role in the development of the city. This increase was formed as a result of the natural increase after scientific and technological progress in the medical field, and the unnatural increase due to the migration factor that was sometimes from the governorates and from the city governorate at other times. It is noted that the city of Hillah has a direct impact on this continuous increase in addition to other natural factors that were considered a point of attraction for the population and various human activities and population indicators. The changes witnessed by the city's population indicate that they are in continuous population growth and "area" expansion. In (2000), the population of the city reached (268,000 people), while in (2005) it rose to (330,758) people in 2010, where its number reached (360,450) people. According to population estimates for the year 2013, it reached (374,640) people. The population in 2016 (452,875) people, and this increase in the population was reflected in chronological order on the demographic and urban changes. In the size of the city, which in turn is reflected in its urban (residential) expansion. As a result of these changes, an increase in the area is required that is proportional to this increase. Therefore, this research came to clarify the impact of demographic changes in the city of Hillah, and to shed light on the population increase in residential neighborhoods and arrange them according to these changes.

In short: If it freezes in one direction, it fails in its mission, as people in their natures and cultures are not on the same pace, and the heterogeneity of time and place is enough to make that difference. Therefore, this research is devoted to explaining the Holy Quran as a means to make it a means of conveying the Quranic meaning to all people, which is the method that Allah mentioned in His glorious book to reach the human being with admonition and to affect him with good in this world and the hereafter. Yes; an open mind and a conscious heart. On the other hand, teaching methods are not limited to the Holy Quran, but rather include many stories of the Prophet and his pure family. However, the research does not address the true narrations about the means of conveying meanings and finding the optimal state for people to understand, but we will expand on the explanation as we have deduced from the verses of the Quran.

Methods of dealing with the religious other from the Qur’anic perspective - Presentation and analysis of the critique of the Qur’anic methodology of abolishing and excluding the religious other, and the Qur’anic methods of dealing with the other, whether monotheistic or heterodox, and ensuring the dignity of the other, which Muslims share in humanity on the one hand, and extending the sovereignty of the Qur’an and the religion of Islam on the other hand. The researcher means here the methods by which the Qur’anic text enters into his behavior in dealing with other religions, and not the means or tools. Therefore, the basis of the dilemma that needs research and study can be summarized as follows: What are the limits of the relationship with the Qur’anic other? What is the origin of Muslims in the other relationship: peace or war? The Qur’an explains that the basic basis for dealing with the other is God’s honoring of him and preferring him over all other creatures. And whoever is most honorable to his Creator, no creature like that has the right to waste, diminish, or mock such dignity, even if the suggestion is a difference in religion, as long as man is at peace with him, and when the difference turns into conflict and injustice, then it changes its title from my religion to another, unjust and unjust, and then it is necessary to respond, and this rule and those methods were part of the influence that the Qur’anic text had in going to say that religious pluralism is consistent with the Qur’anic verses that indicated it to it, it may be thought that saying that Islam extends and activating its hegemony is the cancellation of any other religion, and this is what does not agree with the reality of religious pluralism in societies, but this perception will disappear once its principles are presented. Dealing with religions and how to contain them according to the Qur’anic perspective

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Abstract The men of the Khasam tribe lived in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula and were often polytheists before Islam. With the advent of Islam, they gradually converted to Islam and finally in the ninth year of Hijra, they believed in the Prophet and participated with the Prophet in the conquests and the Farewell Pilgrimage, and after the death of the Prophet, they participated in various battles and conquests, each of which played a major role in historical events. One way to identify celebrities is to present them in the form of a text because each tribe is known by the name of its celebrities in history. Celebrities always keep their names in history and their biographies help to enhance their original and tribal culture. Reviewing their biographies enhances the original and tribal culture. Clarifying their role in the past helps us to divide celebrities into three categories: political celebrities, cultural and religious celebrities, and political-military celebrities who were mostly war leaders and also had the ability and talent for war. The cultural celebrities were poets and writers. The third are the religious celebrities and narrators of that time. All three categories of these celebrities are seen among the men of the Khasam tribe, whose performance differed according to the difference in vision, family, place of residence, and social interests

Mustafa Rahmandost is a great author and poet of poetry and children's literature. Since rhythm is one of the most important factors of poetry music, and this importance has been prominently shown in children's poetry, it has been considered the basis of the harmony of Rahmandost's children's poems with their contents. These poems, which are a reflection of his ideas, whenever they meet the spiritual and gnostic conditions, as well as the rhythms used in them, and in harmony with their contents, are flowing rhythms. Rahmandost used happy and waving rhythms for children's poems and for older age groups, and enjoyed calm rhythms. The rhythmic diversity is clearly evident in the poems of this poet, as more than one frothy rhythm was found in ten respected books of metrical rhythms. In this topic, after studying the poems and knowing the rhythm of each one and dividing the rhythms used into (quiet), (fluttering), and (average) rhythms, taking into account the recommendations provided about the rhythm so far, and of course with regard to the type of placement of letters next to each other as well as the quantity of their types, the relationship of the discovered rhythms to the content of the rhythm was considered, and we moved on to analyzing each one of them.

Resistance literature, especially poetry, is a type of literature that reflects the resistance of nations and their opposition to foreign encroachments on their lands and rights. This literature has become the language of poets, including these poets, the abandoned Moses Havamideh. One of the most prominent contemporary poets of steadfastness is that the elements of steadfastness in his poems are abundant, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effects of steadfastness in the poet's poems is the subject of this research and has been tested using descriptive and analytical methods. The statistical method that will be paid. The results indicate that the survivor has written lasting effects in a poem inspired by imagination, emotion, symbolic language and style, which is an effective and successful tool to arouse meaning in the audience, such as the spirit of anti-tyranny, resistance and sacrifice for society. Part of all the vocabulary of poetry for the audience. The poet loves his country.

Abstract This research proposes a return to ancient history (plural and/or individuals) in contemporary French. This interest in French Romance has been reactivated so that the past does not become something new. This is what remains of the second years of the last century. But it is apparently and almost systematically distorted in the production of Romance of the 80s. I have traced a brief case of the question that points out some interesting things and I analyze the phenomenon in the novels of Jean Echenoz. This author, who revisits History, once, by the presentation of a common man (14) and other times by the introduction of Singlegulières (Ravel, Courir and Des éclairs), takes the introduction of elements that has gone beyond a pretext to reconstruct the history of the characters. This approaches the "romanticism" of "autobiography" with a worthy aim of renewing the practice of this genre and elevating the practice of the cover of doubt, anxiety and shadow zones, inherent in every temporary attempt to achieve the goal of fictionalizing the history of people.

The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between English teaching style of school teachers and optimism perception in Birjand. The research community includes all teachers in Birjand city and the statistical sample consists of 100 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. Data were collected and extracted using two questionnaires, Grasha teaching style and Bird. et al. optimism perception of school teachers. The SPSS program was used to analyze the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for the variables. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the teaching style of formal authority, personal model teaching style, facilitator and effective with optimism perception of school teachers, but there is no significant relationship between expert teaching style and optimism perception of school teachers. As a final result, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between teaching style and optimism perception of school teachers and that teaching style significantly affects optimism perception of school teachers.

The relationship between the desert and Arabic literature is very old; it recalls the birth of Arabic poetry that you see today, which is very large in its heart and is flourishing in a wide range. The ability to achieve this is essential, through the promotion and flourishing to reach a level of maturity in the pre-Islamic period. The necklace of all that history, Arabic poetry, in influence, is immersed in the mythological heritage of the desert, which has become the last source of the first inspiration. If man is naturally linked to his environment, then in principle, the Arab cannot be an exception, because he is strongly linked to the desert, to its space and its values. Beyond the influence of the desert on poetry, it also enriches the Arabic language and enriches the Arabic lexicon with several words and terms that lie on the meaning of the desert, going beyond the names designed for the desert from the same word or all that is derived.

The religious insight of primitive man, embodied the supreme powers of earth and sky in the feminine origin of the universe which later became the great foundation of the primordial mother, around whom people revolved and worshiped. Myth is a kind of explanation of the universe which comes in the form of stories about gods, angels and Amshaspandan, the sacred destiny that actually happened and now in the form of imagination and symbol, talks about how things came into existence or perished. Because the myths of ancient man are like holy books, they teach him morality and practical commandments. Anahita is an ancient Iranian goddess, who existed before Zoroaster and was worshiped. She became a powerful angle after the rise of Zoroaster and was celebrated and blessed. Here we present and consider the symbols related to Anahita in Iran.

The inheritance is a financial bequest, therefore, considering that one of the most important parts of the will is the “inheritance” of the will. Therefore, Islamic jurists also went to the validity of those conditions and made them subject to several conditions, and therefore some of the conditions for the validity of the “inheritance” are: a) that it be property, because the will is property rights and what does not exist is not accepted, b) that it has a price and c- that it be capable of possession, even if it does not exist when a person desires, and therefore jurists see the validity of the will for benefits, as well as the will and the impersonal. Such as the will of love and fruit and the like. d- that it be the property of the testator, and therefore jurists stipulated that if the “inheritance” exists, it must be the property of the “testator” at the time of the will, because the will of money is not false. e- that it has a rational, legal benefit because in their view they intend to correct the blessing of the testator in his life, and therefore the will of the will of sin is not permissible as the jurists went. It came in the will to deprive some of the heirs that Such an act is forbidden: and it is transferable, because some rights, including the right to litigate, the right to return, etc., cannot be willed. However, the jurists considered two conditions for the implementation of the will in the \\"estate\\": First: that the testator\\'s debts do not include all of his money and inheritance, because in this case the debt is not implemented. The will; and second: most jurists of the schools of thought believe that if they inherit heirs, they may not \\"exceed a third of the estate.\\" However, they have a debate about the absence of inheritance.

Recently, academic writing (AW) has received much attention. It is the medium through which many scholars, researchers, academics, and students in universities present their work. This paper first defines the term “academic writing” because it is necessary to understand its concept. In the second part, the work highlights the important features of AW such as organization, task completion, coherence, cohesion, and many more. Third, it focuses on the functions of linguistic discourse that are used to express certain ideas such as description, definition, narration, and so on. These two parts, the features of AW and the functions of linguistic discourse, will explain how these ideas add great value to the text and make it easier for readers to understand and follow the written piece in the academic context. Then, the work moves on to discuss the most prominent challenges that may arise from these features and functions of linguistic discourse for non-native English speakers. The challenges may include spelling and punctuation problems, misuse of tenses, omission of the verb “to be,” lack of electronic resources, and some others.

As a naturalist writer, Zola seeks to enhance the real life of workers and the working conditions of this social class. The spotlight is on the negative aspects of working conditions. Work was the source of human problems in this era. Life between miners and profiteers begins to cause misery and a miserable life, which prompts workers to rebel against bourgeois capitalism that exploits the labor capacity of the dominant usurpers to avoid money. In this research, we reveal the fragile relationship between labor and capital, the misery of the working class, and the revolt of the poor against their patrons; all of this reflects Zola\'s socialist orientation.