Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Condensation of Sulfamethoxazole with 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde yielded Schiff
base derivative in good yield. Characterization of synthesized compound detected by Infrared
(IR) and 1HNMR spectroscopy via nuclear magnetic resonance 600 MHz. The
synthesized compound was screened for antibacterial activity against gram positive and
gram negative bacteria. A new compound exhibited potent antibacterial activity against
Klebsiella pneumonia compared to Vancomycin drug, which showed no activity against this
bacterium. The synthesized compound exhibited moderate activity against Escherichia coli
and Staphylococcus aurous.

The ewes are one of the most important ruminants in Iraq due to their great economic
value. This study highlighted visible microscopic lesions on the female reproductive system of
ewes reflect the likelihood of developing tumors that cause significant economic losses. Samples
were collected from Basrah abattoir in southern Iraq, from the beginning of September 2019 to
the end of December 2019. Samples of 60 suspected abnormal masses were obtained, that
showed various microscopic lesions in the female reproductive system of ewes. The microscopic
tumors were divided into two positive groups of 36 cases out of 60 suspected abnormal masses:
Ovarian tumors 12 cases (20%), and uterine tumors 24 cases (40%). The current study confirms
that the tumors of the female reproductive system of the benign type in the uterus only, while in
the ovary tumors are benign and malignant types. The tumors of the female reproductive system
of ewes are among the most complex health problems facing these animals.

The pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by the discovered strain of coronavirus,
a type of virus known to cause human respiratory infections. This new strain was unknown
before December 2019, when an outbreak of unidentified pneumonia occurred
in Wuhan (China).As they are considered a vector for infection, the numerous fatal
infections with the coronavirus have drawn attention to animals. Abundant attempts
have been done to find the most effective cure with less toxicity and harmful effect to
the human body, Furthermore the treatment results sometimes in a fatal medical toxicity
that killed many people.

The animals model of pneumonia assist us to observe the distinct types of pneumonia in a variety
disease stages, when the study that aren’t possible in patients, especially the respiratory
infections constitute a major problem, besides to breeders than for veterinarians, because of a
majority in economic losses that causes, and the expense of caring and prevention. The lung is
the most exposed organs to various aggression agents as a result to their anatomical and
histological properties; therefore, the deterioration of the hygienic conditions is the important
factor that promote respiratory diseases, particularly when the lower parts of respiratory system
inflammation were amongst the leading etiology of mortality and morbidity globally.

The alveoli regards as a specialized region of the distal parts of the lung, in conductive
morphology to an efficient gas exchange. There were two types of epithelial cells that lined the
alveoli. Type I pneumocyte (T1Pn) cells exhibited a broad, more flattened morphology and
covered near 95% of the surface areas, while the cuboidal alveolar type II pneumocyte (T2Pn)
lined the remainders of the alveolus. T1Pn cells provided gaseous exchanges interfaced with the
endothelium, while T2Pn cells served as both progenitor of T1Pn cells and played an important
role to maintain the homeostasis of the alveoli, also T2Pn secrete a surfactant proteins by
specialized organelles inside it called lamellar bodies to the alveolar spaces, in order to maintains
surface tensions and prevent alveolar collapses.

Nephrolithiasis and acute kidney injury outbreaks in pet animals During 2007-
2008, animals and humans from many nations were Linked with melamine and
cyanuric acid toxicity. Melamine and cyanuric acid since then, The pathogenic
process includes melamine and melamine precipitation, and Cyanuric acid forms
crystals in the distal renal tubules, which, in turn, Inflicting kidney damage. Melamine
and co-exposure Also, cyanuric acid has been reported to worsen renal toxicity.
Alone, with melamine or cyanuric acid. Besides nephrotoxicity, Recent animal
experiments have shown the potential for endocrine and neurotoxic impact.
Melamine. pet-food and human-food safety accidents occurred worldwide causing
infants, cats, dogs, and pigs to suffer diseases and deaths. Veterinary testing
laboratories helped classify melamine and melamine analogs as pollutants in affected
foods in dogs and cats.

The current study was carried out in the college of Veterinary Medicine-University
of Basrah for observing the morphological and histological of the kidney in onehumped

camel. In this study 5 fresh kidneys from adult healthy camel bought from
slaughterhouse of Al-Samawah and Al-Zubair city. The morphological study include
4 kidneys, the measurement were recorded, including weight, length, width and
thickness, 2 kidneys were used for histological study investigated by using
histological methods, three stains were used H&E, PAS and Mallory. The
morphological study revealed that the kidney in one – humped camel is bean shaped
smooth, multipapillary, in which the fusion of renal crest, there are two areas, outer
dark red color with granulated appearance cortex and medulla showed two zones
outer red striated and pale inner. It is contributed about 0.6 % of the body weight. The
ratio of the thickness of medulla to cortex was 4 : 1. The histological examination
show that high number of long loops of Henle and vasa recta in the kidney. In the
medulla the nephrons in dromedarian camel are occupied with well-developed loops
of Henle and number of juxtamedullry nephrons kidney is very high. In the outer
medulla, the vasa recta were grouped obviously in to specific vascular bundles which
distributed within the bundles of Henle and collecting tubules. The inner medulla was
thicker that the outer. Cup like structures were formed by projecting of the crescentic
pelvis and extend to fit the apex of the (20 -24) renal pyramids. The characteristics above showed that high percentage of long loop of Henle there for that the one –
humped camel ͗ s kidney possessed a high reabsorption and hence promoting the
production of high concentrated urine.

The study designed to assess the impact of glycine on 5-FU induced oral mucositis. Twenty
five adult male rats were used in this study, and randomly distributed in to three groups: the first
group (G1) served as control (5 rats). The other two experimental groups (G2 & G3) (10 rats for
each) were received IP injected (60 mg/ kg B. W) of 5-FU one time / week for six weeks. The
animals of G3 were received a (2 mg /g B.W.) of 5% glycine once time / day from the first day
of experiment till the finish of experiment at 6 weeks. After that, the rats were sacrificed, and the
cheek mucosa was removed and processed for light microscope. Histological examination of
cheek sections of G2, revealed reduce in thickness of epithelium with secession of keratin,
perinuclear vacuolation cells with pyknotic nuclei, intense infiltration of inflammatory cells and
the areas of degeneration. Light microscopic analysis of G3 treated with glycine, showed
improvement of most histological changes described before as a degree of reepithelization with
keratin layer, more proliferation of basal cells, mild inflammatory features with numerous blood
capillaries. Glycine shows more fast epithelial differentiation and wound healing.

In recent years with the widespread use of medication, the relevance of drug nutrient interactions in
daily practice continues to increase.Such interactions can involve one or more nutrients, present in food
and nutrition. Drug food interactions can occur mechanistically in the absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion of intestinsas well as in the interaction of receptors with drugs. Accordingly, in an in vivo rat
study, the study assesses the effect of long term use of high and low doses of nimodipine on serum levels
(Zn, Cu and Fe).,Twenty four male Sprague Dawly rats were assigned to three groups of 8 rats each, the
first group was treated with D.W as a control group, the second group was treated with 20mg / kg
nimodipine and the third group was treated with 80mg / kg nimodipine, all groups received oral treatment
for 30 days, On day 31 all groups of rats were sacrificed and blood samples were drawn and collected for
later analysis of trace elements in the polyethylene tubes. The findings showed that nimodipine treatment
cause a significant decrease Concentration of the serum iron and zinc compared with control with lowest
serum iron level observed in group received high dose of nimodipine. However, compared with control,
both low and high doses of nimodipine had no effect on serum copper concentration. In conclusion using
low or high doses of nimodipine lead to significant decrease in serum concentration of iron and zinc but no
effect was observed in the serum concentration of copper compared to the control group level.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease of poultry which is a
major economic concern. It has world-wide distribution and affects a variety of avian
species. The disease is characterized by marked variation in morbidity and mortality.
The present study conducted to monitoring the incidence of ND in layer hen poultry
houses which located in Al Zubair -Basrah governorate, during 6 month starting from
September 2019 to March 2020. The study was depending on clinical examination,
monitoring antibodies titer by ELISA, postmortem lesions, histopathological changes,
and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Different type of samples as proventriculus,
lung, trachea, intestine, spleen, cecal tonsils ,oviduct and uterus, were collected from
6 poultry houses according to the clinically suspected diagnosis of ND. The results
of the present study recorded the disease in layer hen . The positive clinical case
showed significant clinical signs of ND as nervous signs and digestive signs. Sharp
drop in eggs production, loss eggs pigmentations loss eggs quality. while observing
the herd disappears respiratory signs. Post mortem changes recorded in reproductive
,digestive and nerves system. The sever changes on female reproductive system
especially appear on ovarian follicles. Histopathological changes was in
proventiculus, cecal, tonsils and spleen. The result of ELISA test during study
period indicated high level during and post 7 days of infection .

Reaction of 5-Bromo-1H-indole-2,3-dione with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride gave (3Z)-
5-bromo-3-(hydroxyimino)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one in a good yield. The synthesized
compound was characterized by IR and 1H NMR , melting point also detected . The prepared
component was reported for antibacterial efficacy contra staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, Streptococcus, and klebsiella pneumoniae, which manifest effective antibacterial activity
versus staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae and medium activity versus
Escherichia coli and Streptococcus.

Circadian rhythms modify many physiological and behavioral mechanisms, include cycles
of sleep-wake, the release of hormones, and metabolism. with an average period, a duration of
24 hours. Environmental disturbance of the daily rhythms might results in negative effects on
animal health consequences in animals, and human involved in shift work. The neural system
controls circadian rhythms consisting of a biological clock, input pathways, and output
pathways. Within the anterior hypothalamus, a biological clock has arisen from the paired
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Rods, cones, and a population of naturally photosensitive
retinal ganglion cells sense light for circadian entrainment. A highly conserved set of genes,
collectively called "clock genes," also controls circadian rhythms. Also, the pineal gland of
birds has one or more circadian oscillators which play an important part in the overall temporal
organization. The most common diseases involve variations in circadian rhythms, and circadian
dysfunction is also a causative factor for other chronic diseases. Despite strong development in
the past 20 years in discovering circadian mechanisms, much residual to be learned about
circadian clocks.

A total of 100 samples collected randomly from different butcher shops, restaurants
and fast food places at Basrah Province (60 raw meats and 40 cooked spiced meat burger).
Molecular detection of the nuc gene showed that 13(76.47%) out of 17 isolates from the
cow meat were positive for this gene. However, only10 (52.63%) out of the 19 isolates
from the sheep meat were positive for the nuc gene. The present study found that 9/13
isolates of cow meat samples were positive for sea gene. Regarding to sheep meat
samples, the current study found that out of 10 isolates of S.aureus, 7(70%)isolates were
positive for sea gene, without significant differences, and 3/8 (37.5%) of restaurants
isolates were positive for sea gene. In the current study, the molecular detection showed
that 5/9(55.56%)of fast food isolates were positive for sea gene. In the current study
demonstrate that the meat is adequate medium for growth of S. aureus and production of
enterotoxins.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a cluster of genes found in vertebrate. In chicken it’s
located in chromosome 16, exactly linked with LEI0258 microsatellite marker (Accession no.
KF534927.1). Current study was done to sequence the LEI0258 microsatellite marker in four genetic
groups of Kurdish local chicken. Which was namely Black, Black brown neck, White shank feather,
and White non-feathering shank. Fresh blood samples were withdrawn from wing vein and genomic
DNA was isolated from each to determine the sequences. The result showed that the sequences of the
four genetic groups differ from each other. Two clusters were found among the genetic groups the first
content Black and black brown neck, and the second cluster content White shank feather and the white
non-feathering shank.

The prevalence as well as the risk factors of PPR in sheep and goat herds from various
regions of Mosul governorate, Iraq employing competitive ELISA was investigated. In total,
384 serum samples (276 from sheep and 108 from goats) which were obtained from the
north, east, south and west districts of the Mosul governorate, . From the total, 183 had
vaccination history, 22 were un-vaccinated animals and 179 had uncertain history of
vaccination against PPR The results showed that 65 (58.03%), three (15.79%) and 63
(43.45%) were in vaccinated group, unvaccinated group, and group with uncertain history of
vaccination respectively, were positive for PPRV antibodies. Overall percentages of
prevalence were 47.46%, 49.07% for sheep and goats respectively. A significant difference
(P <0.05) was found the prevalence between the species of animals was reported to be
significantly (p<0.05) different. Animals aged one to two years exhibited significantly
(68.42%) elevated occurrence compared to other ages. Animals live in eastern districts of
Mosul governorate has greater significantly (p<0.05) prevalence of infection (77.5%)
compared to animals from other districts, and vaccinated animals had significantly (p<0.05)
greater prevalence (54.64%). In conclusion,it can be stated that PPR occurs in small ruminants in Mosul city, Iraq. The small ruminant population in the area have not higher
protection because of the use of an exotic strain for vaccination in the PPR program. Certain
risk factors such as age, geographic area, and vaccination program can play important roles in
the prevalence of the disease in Mosul governorate.

The objectives of this study were to isolate different bacterial species from goat urine, and
determining some physical and chemical parameters in goat’s urine to record some microscopic
changes in the urine sediments of the samples. Altogether, 200 urine samples were collected from
1-7 years old goats of both sexes from slaughtered goats in the abattoir in Mosul City, Iraq, half of
them from male goats (bucks) and the other half from female goats (does).The number of control
group was 88 samples in males and 80 samples in females.The results showed that the urine
samples of infected animals were highly turbid, dark yellow color with low specific gravity. The
microscopic examination of the urine sediments revealed increased number of pus cells (WBCs),
erythrocytes, epithelial cells, casts and crystals/high power field (HPF) in the urine samples of
infected animals in comparison with the urine samples of non-infected animals (free from bacterial
isolates).The chemical examination of the urine samples revealed elevated urobilinogen, glucose,
ketones, blood, proteins, leukocytes and pH levels of the urine samples of the infected animals with
bacterial infections. Culture of urine samples revealed that the overall bacterial infection was 32
(16%) out of 200 urine samples.The infection rate with Corynebacterium renale was 2%,
Corynebacterium cystitidis 2% , Corynebacterium pilosum 1.5% , Escherichia coli 2%,
Staphylococcus aureus 2%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.5%, Klebsiella pneumonae 1%, Enterococcus
faecalis 1%, Pseudomonus aeruginosa 1%, Trueperella pyogenes1% and Proteus mirabilis 1%.
The infection rate with different bacterial species was higher in female goats (Doe goats) than the
male goats (bucks) and the infection rate was higher in old animals compared to the young
animals.

The objective of the present study designed to evaluate growth and reproduction
performance when supplemented by creatine. Therefore, Twenty four adult male
rabbits were divided into four groups (6 for each) randomly as following: Group 1
(standard) orally administered distilled water (1ml/animal) daily. Group 2: orally
administration creatine monohydrate (1ml/kg BW) daily. Group 3: orally
administration creatine monohydrate (2ml/kg BW) dissolved in 5ml distilled water by
gavage daily. Group 4: orally administration creatine monohydrate (3ml/kg BW)
daily. The results of final body weight revealed significant increase in treated groups
as compared with control. The liver weights were statistically increment in creatine
groups, while significantly decrement reported in relative weights of kidneys in
creatine groups. While a significant decrease in the concentration of sperm, sperm
motility % and viability of sperm respectively compared with standard group (G1)
and a significant increment in abnormalities of sperm were recorded in creatineadministration
groups as compared with standard group.

Cichorium intybus or Chicory was used in traditional medicine for curing several
diseases such as diarrhea, to improve the prostate and other reproductive organs, to treat
lung and tobacco disease, cancer, severe headache, and others. We examined the anti-tumor
and antimetastatic effects of C. intybus extracts in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity of C.
intybus extracts ( leaf, stem, and root ) was done on the 4T1 cell line; a high significant
inhibition value was detected in the 4T1 cell line at three periods of exposure .In vivo
study; For 21 days, tumor-bearing female Mus musculus Balb/c mice were given orally one
hundred microliters of leaf extract (1000 mg /kg/BW ), whereas the control group received
only PBS. Leaf extract induced a significant decrease in tumor size (P < 0.05). There was
little indication of liver metastases in leaf extract-treated animals relative to the controls, a
markedly less of metastases than expected.