Kirkuk Journal of Science

In an effort to highlight the role of digestion and maceration methods to determine the
strength of antibacterial effect and phytochemical elements of coriander seeds aqueous and
methanolic extracts. Five concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/ml) of four extracts
(aqueous by maceration, aqueous by digestion, methanolic by maceration and methanolic by
digestion) were utilized against five clinically isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Acenitobacter
baumani), and compared with ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime discs as control. Agar well diffusion
technique was employed to clarify the antibacterial activity of the extracts' concentrations
relaying on quantifying the diameter of inhibition zone (IZ) in millimeter. The bioactive
chemical compounds of four extracts were specified by means of conventional systems. In the
main, all extracts inhibited the growth of every bacterial species starting from (80) mg/ml
concentration, forming IZs' with various measurements that their expansion was drawing upon
the rising of extracts' concentrations. The IZs that proceeded from (160, 320) mg/ml
concentrations were larger than that come out from cefotaxime. The maceration extracts declared
their embracement of alkaloids, and their impact were vigorous compared with the extracts of
digestion which marked by comprising the tannins and flavonoids in aqueous and methanolic
extracts one by one. The most susceptible bacterium to ethanolic extracts was S. aureus. It could
be benefiting from coriander seeds for treatment of bacterial infections through extraction the best active phytoconstituents by using both of suitable extraction technique and solvents
together.

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method is proposed for the
determination of atenolol in both pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulation. The method is
based on the oxidation of atenolol with chromate in acidic medium of 1N H2SO4, the residual
amount of oxidizing agent is then reacted with indigo carmine dye in the presence of oxalate as a
catalyst, the increase in the absorbance of the dye, which is proportional to the amount of the
determinants atenolol is then measured at 610 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration
range of 30-1500 µg/25 ml with a molar absorptivity of 0.73×104
l.mol-1
.cm-1
, Sandell's
sensitivity index of 0.364 μg.cm-2
, and a relative standard deviation of ± 0.263 to ± 0.376%
depending on the concentration level. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification
(LOQ) are 0.3259 and 1.0863 μg ml−1
, respectively. The proposed method has been applied
successfully to the determination of atenolol in pure and pharmaceutical preparation.

In this work new maximum power extracted architecture is proposed for wind turbine
generator. Adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to precisely estimate
the rotor angle and speed which is necessary for vector control in order to forces the generator to
track maximum power using variable speed operation generator. In this algorithm the separate
control of the torque from the flux make the control of a generator operation with variable speed
more efficient. The ANFIS network is trained off line from the normal operation of the
permanent magnet generator.

This paper presents a way to mitigate the influence of temperature effects on the equilibrium
point (Q-point) of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) by investigating the effect of
laser injection current (Iinj) and dc-bias level (Ibias) numerically using MATHCAD software.
Results show that, by changing temperature 50 oC (i.e. from 10 to 60) with Iinj = 3Ith and Ibias = 0,
the photons density (P(t)) has decreased from 1.636 1016
cm
-3
to 0.733 1016
cm
-3
, the carrier
density (N(t)) has increased from 2.367 1018
cm
-3
to 2.669 1018
cm
-3 and the laser output
power (Pout) has decreased from the 2.366 mW to the 1.025 mW. In contrast, by increasing the
Iinj from 3Ith to 5Ith and the Ibias from 0 to 1.5Ith, the rate of the decreasing in the P(t) and in the
Pout have reduced more than 25%.

This study aimed to estimate the level of leptin hormone and some biochemical variables
in patients with lung cancer. Twenty five patients with lung cancer and 24 healthy control
were enrolled in this study. The results showed a significant decrease in the level of leptin in
patients with lung cancer compared to healthy control. In group of patients with lung cancer
who had BMI ( 20 – 23 kg/m2
), ( 24–26 kg/m2
), ( more than 30 kg/m2
) the levels of leptin
were (1.42 ± 0.54), (4.35 ± 2.19), (8.75 ± 1.2) ng/ml respectively, comparing with the healthy
control (4.89 ± 1.29), (6.85 ± 1.49), (9.85 ± 2.62) ng/ml respectively. The results also
showed that there was a significant increase in activity of ALT in patients group (30.8 ± 16.4)
U/L compared to healthy control (22.8 ± 6.55), while there was no statistically significant
differences in the activity of AST in patients group (25.4 ± 8.9) U/L compared to healthy
control (27 ± 9.2). There were no statistically significant correlation between leptin level with
ALT ( r = -0.104 ) and AST ( r = 0.092 ).

At this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the effect of different
curing methods and water cement ratios on compressive strength and density of normal weight
concrete. The samples had been submitted to five different curing methods including: water
curing (standard curing), air curing and three types of colored plastic bags curing including
(Transparent, white and black bags). The effect of w/c ratio on compressive strength at different
curing had been studied too. Test results shows that the curing by plastic bags gives accepted
results compared with standard curing and better than air curing. For all kinds of referenced
curing the increasing in w/c ratios decrease the compressive strength, and the density of concrete
samples reduces at air and plastic bags curing compared with standard curing.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts
of Promethazine hydrochloric in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on using the
oxidative coupling reaction of promethazine hydrochloride with 4-amino 2-hydroxy benzoate
reagent in acid medium in the presence of N-bromo Succinimide to produce an intense green
colour, water soluble, product which exhibit maximum absorbance at 605.5 nm. Beer's law is
obeyed over concentration range of (2-32µg/m1), with a molar absorptivity 7540.68 l/mol.cm,
Sandel index of 0.04255 µg /
.The average recovery is 100.7703 %, relative standard
deviation of 0.3101 to 0.8474 % and D.L of 0.40825 µg/ml.

The study is carried out on twenty shale samples that were collected from the Kolosh
Formation (Paleocene – Early Eocene) within the Dokan area at northeastern part of Iraq. The
samples were subjected to laboratory studies including chemical analyses for origin rock
characterizing source rock composition, paleo-weathering conditions and tectonic. The origin
rock compositions were evaluated mainly based on Al2O3/TiO2, TiO2/Zr ratios and a TiO2 and
Al2O3bivariate. The result suggest predominantly intermediate igneous source rock of the
Kolosh Formation shale’s. The bivariate plot, of (K2O/Na2O) and (SiO2), (MgO+Fe2O3 %) and
(TiO2%), as well as the refashion ships based on the elemental components (Co ,Th, Sc, Zr,
La) were used to reveal tectonic setting of the depositional basin. All Kolosh Formation
shale’s samples were in Oceanic Island Arc. CIA values, bivariate plot of (SiO2%) and
(Al2O3+Na2O3+K2O)% and ) (Al2O3- CaO+Na2O- K2O) % compositional space of the shale
samples were utilized to infer the chemical maturity and the pale weathering conditions of the
Formation. The results shows that Kolosh shale samples represent lower degree of chemical
weathering of origine rock which imply semi-arid climatic conditions.

This research aims to study the relationship between the surface air temperature and the
evapotranspiration In the stations of Kirkuk city (Latitude: 35.47 °N, Longitude: 44.39° E)
(Haweija, Alton Copery, Daquq and Qara enger) by using data of (Surface Air Temperature
and Evapotranspiration) In (2013), which was obtained from the Iraqi Agro meteorology
Network / Ministry of Agriculture.
In this study the relationship between air temperature and values of evapotranspiration has
been investigated by calculation the correlation coefficient by using program of Microsoft
excel 2010, the results indicated the existence of strong linear correlation between the
monthly and seasonally average of air temperature and the monthly and seasonally sum of
evapotranspiration In the four studying stations.
Monthly correlation coefficient values between (0.963 – 0.978), while Seasonally
correlation coefficient values between (0.80 – 0.99) in studying stations. This indicates that
the increasing in surface air temperature leads to increase the values of evapotranspiration,
and the decreasing in surface air temperature leads to decrease the values of
evapotranspiration.

This study was designed to determine the impact of Buttermilk on blood total cholesterol
(TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and the efficacy of
liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP, healthy and hypercholesterol experimental Sprague-Dawley
rats were used as a model for this study. Rats were divided into five groups (six rats each) they
were, healthy control group, hypercholesterol control group and three hypercholesterol groups
fed on Buttermilk, Almarai and activia. At the end of the experiment (28 days) results revealed a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in total cholesterol of groups fed on Buttermilk (135.27, 120.09
and 117.41 mg/100ml respectively) compared with hypercholesterol control group (234.11
mg/100ml), triglycerides and LDL-C for rats fed on Buttermilk, Almarai and activia (99.38,
90.42, 89.27 and 63.23, 47.01, 43.88 mg/100ml respectively) compared with hypercholesterol
control group (164.84 and 154.57) mg/100ml respectively, but an increase was noticed in HDLC for same groups. as for the effectiveness of the enzyme ALT and AST, the largest significant
decrease was in the group of rats fed on the activia as recorded (19.44 and 60.35) IU/L compared to the hypercholesterolemic group (41.23) IU /L. it was concluded that Buttermilk played a
positive role to improve lipid profile in hypercholesterol rats.

The study included, the collection of (250) swabs which involve (180) samples from general
children's Hospital environment and various isolation sources, In addition to (70) smear from the
hands and noses of medical staffs and workers, Using sterile cotton swabs and then planted on
the Cultuer media (MacConkey's agar and Blood agar). The results showed that (126) smears and
in a ratio of (50.4%) was positive for the bacterial isolations which contribute the followings:-
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli , Enterobacter cloacae,
Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with variant isolation ratios.
It high rate of contamination (73.33%), was from Hospitals environment compared to (71%) of
contamination from the hands of medical staffs. Resistany agaings antibiotic was praceddon (12)
antibiotics and the results showed that most of the isolates are resistant For anti-beta-lactam
groups the rate was (81.74%), the followings antibiotics vancomycin, imipenem, amikacin reveal
high efficucy against the isolated Staph.aureus, Staph.epidermidis, Esch.col, Prot.mirabilis,
pathogens Ps.aeruginosa with reduction resistany reach to (23.80), (24.60), (36.50) respectively.
The Minmam inhibitory concentration was detected using virkon, Opizil, Strillium, and bleach,
ethyl alcohol, Optisal ® N was found to passing a better inhibition effect on the elected isolates,
followed by an Virkon, compared with the disinfectant of sodium hyper chlorate (minor), The following value MIC walues were obtained (0.25-0.0625, 0.5-0.078, 1.25-0.156%) moreover, the
antiseptics used for cleaning the hands showed that, a streillium antiseptics is wosh high bacterial
inhibition impact than the ethyl alcohol, as the lower inhibitory values of the streillium
antiseptics ranged from (80-50%) while the ethyl alcohol disinfectant was the least efficient as it
reached its inhibitory values minimum (80-60).

Compressive strength characteristic was studied for compressed earth block produced from
Laylan area south eastern Kirkuk through the compressed earth blocks samples were prepared
with dimensions (8.8*6.3*2.2( cm3
based on the international Standards (ASR 671:1996, ASR
674:1996(, the unconfined compressive strength the blocks models was examined after different
period curing (7,14,28( under laboratory condition ranging in value between )30.1-42.6 MPa)
these results are according to engineering specifications is an approach to the un-confined
compressive strength values of the concrete blocks and these result are considered good in
comparison to the un-confined compressive strength values of the fired bricks.

This work aims to study potential energy and vibrational frequencies of a non-linear
molecule (C522) using semi-experimental and MNDO-PM3 method, the geometric space
shape for molecule was calculated through the initial and final matrix which includes the
bonds lengths and the angle between bonds, surface angles and the charge of each atom in the
molecules and from the curve of potential energy for molecule and depending on the change
of the bond length (C15—C6) (C2—O3) (C15—F18) (C13—N12) (C14—H29) (C6═C1) (C2═O23)
of the molecules versus the energy values obtained, and the total energy for molecules at
equilibrium state was (-3915.10178 eV) and at equilibrium distance for each bond (1.53 A
),
(1.37 A
), (1.35 A
), (1.48 A
), (1.10 A
), (1.34 A
) and (1.21 A
) respectively and from the
potential energy curve, the dissociation energies were calculated for each bond are (5.69258
eV), (2.45383 eV), (5.90738 eV), (4.41122 eV), (7.53398 eV), (7.56607 eV) and (8.41981
eV) respectively. In addition, the energy values of the molecular orbitals are calculated
including highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
(ELUMO) and the energy gap for molecular (Egap) was equal to (7.38 eV). The vibrational
frequencies of the molecule were also calculated when the vibrational frequencies for
molecule at equilibrium state of vibration and the basic vibration modes were equal to 90
vibration mode.

The current study aimed at knowing the biological efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum
mushroom extract anti-oxidation and induced hyperlipidemic using Triton WR1339 and
comparing its efficacy with the simvastatin drug. Study at the Animal House in the
Department of biology-Faculty of Science of Kirkuk University for the period from 1/5/2017
to 25/5/2017 used 20 rat male Sprague Dawley type. Distributed to 4 groups of 5 rats per
group. The control group was treated with a single dose of the normal salin solution, the
second group was treated with a single dose within the Intraperatonal (iP) a dose of 300
mg/kg of body weight. The third group was treated with Triton and was dosed with the
alcoholic extract of G. Lucidum with a dose of 30 mg/kg bw/day of body weight by Gavage.
The fourth group was treated with Triton and dosed with the simvastatin drug at a dose of 0.3mg/kg body weight. The animals were drugged and the blood was pulled after a period of six
days (trial period) showed the results of the biochemical tests that the treatment of rats with
Triton material increased morally (p≤0.05) at the total cholesterol level TC, Triglyceride TG,
low-density lipoprotein For cholesterol LDL-c, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol
VLDL-c, the Athero index and lipid level of the Malondialdhyde MDA. Coupled with the
low-density lipoprotein of cholesterol HDL-c, the total capacity of the antioxidant TAC,
glutathione GSH and the catalase enzyme CAT compared to a group of control. While the
animal dosage of the treatment with Triton and the alcoholic extract of the fungus G.lucidum
positive improvement in all the variables mentioned above. The results of this study showed
that the fungus extract superior the simvastatin drug at the level of HDL-c as well as at the
level of antioxidant balance Oxidation by increasing the level of GSH, TAC and CAT
enzyme and reducing MDA fat peroxide. Fungus can be adopted as an effective antioxidant
and antihypertensive agent

In this study, some of Schiff bases, 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione and 1,3-diazepine-4,7-dione
compounds derived from terephthalaldehyde and substituted aniline have been prepared, Schiff
bases (a1-5) which derived from terephthalaldehyde and substituted aniline have been reacted
with maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride to produce 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione compounds
(b1-10). 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione compounds (b1-10) have been reacted with phenyl hydrazine to
produce 1,3-diazepine-4,7-dione compounds (c1-10). The prepared compounds were characterized
using physical methods, the precise analysis of elements (C.H.N), infrared (IR) and (1H NMR)
spectroscopy. The reactions were monitored by. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The
antibacterial activity was evaluated for some of the synthesis compounds

The kinetics and thermodynamics of the removal of Alzarin yellow and Congo red dyes
from their aqueous solutions using local clay taken from Shoraw region northwest of the
province of Kirkuk - Iraq as well as bentonite and activated charcoal as adsorbents was held,
using UV- visible spectroscopy to follow the adsorption process. The equilibrium time of the
adsorption process was determined and found that it reached a state of equilibrium in a period
of time between 70-50 min, in the case of adsorption of the dyes on the activated charcoal and
bentonite surfaces and 70-60 min, when using the clay. The results indicated that the best
weight of the adsorbent surfaces is (0.1gm). Adsorption was studied in the natural pH of the
basic dyes, as well as in the acidic and neutral pH. Isotherm (Freundlich and Langmuir) was
used, and it was found that the best isotherm is Freundlich. Adsorption efficiency was
calculated in the range of 15-65 oC of temperature. It was found that the adsorption efficiency
decreased by increasing the temperature in the case of alizarin yellow dye adsorption on the
three surfaces. Whereas the adsorption efficiency of Congo red on the clay surface decreased
by increasing the temperature and this indicates that the reaction is exothermic. It has been
found that the efficiency of adsorption is increased by increasing the temperature in the case
of adsorption of Congo red dye on activated charcoal and bentonite surfaces and this indicates
that the reaction is endothermic. The values of the thermodynamic parameters of the
adsorption process and the adsorption kinetics study were calculated and found that the
adsorption follows the pseudo- second order equation.