Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between caries experience and Zinc concentration in salivary supernatant. Materials and methods: This study was done on Forty healthy-looking dental students in Tikrit University, with age range between 19-24 years, stimulated mixed saliva were collected from them and the supernatant part of it were subjected to analysis by Atomic Spectrophotometer in analytical center of chemical engineering college/ Tikrit University, to estimate Zinc concentration. Assessment of caries prevalence was carried out by clinical examination using DMFT and DMFS indices. Zinc concentration and dental caries experience took place in relation to gender.The result showed that the Zinc level in saliva of caries experience group was 76.6±20.6 ng/ml, while that of caries free group was 72.6±32.3 ng/ml. The total mean of saliva Zinc concentration in saliva of males in both groups was higher than females.Saliva zinc concentration was higher in individuals with caries free when compared with individuals having caries experience. The severity of dental caries was associated with the increasing salivary zinc concentration. There was significant differences between the salivary zinc concentration in both sexes.Males in both groups having higher salivary zinc concentration than that in females.

Objectives to describe the diagnostic findings of ultrasonography in nasal bones fractures and to determine the validity of classical clinical practice assisted by radiography in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures and compared it to the value of ultrasonograp-hy.A total sample of53 patients (11 females and 42 males) at age range (14-40) years, with a differential diagnosis of nasal fracture based on history of nasal trauma and physical signs and symptoms of nasal bone fracture. All subjects had a true lateral soft tissue profile view of the face and high resolution ultrasonography in addition 8 patients had an occipitomental view based on physician request. The radiographs and ultrasound images of each subjectswere analyzed andreports were recorded as either “positive” or “negative” according to the existence of nasal bone fracture with other details about the fracture if present (number of the fracture lines detected, the type of the fracture, its location and assessment of the soft tissue swelling and hematoma). The results were analyzed by various statistical testing methods (for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy).The sensitivity to established clinical diagnosis (based on crepitation and mobility) in diagnosis of nasal bone fracture was 76.6% (23.4% false –ve rate). This figure is increased to 89.4% (10.6% false –ve rate) when clinical decision is aided by radiography. Such a practice however is associated with low specificity (33.3%). Using ultrasonography will increase both sensitivity and specificity to 100%.The conclusion of this study is the ultrasonography in diagnosis of nasal bone fracture is superior to radiography and it is recommended to shift the classical clinical approach from radiography to ultrasonography in this context.

An important objective of the preoperative radiographs evaluation of the implant is to determine the height and width of the bone available for implant insertion. The aim of the study is to confirm the ability of film and digital panoramic radiographs by measuring the distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the roof of the mandibular canal, also compare each type of radiographs using with the tracing chart reading which is a standard measure for both implant length and diameter that supply with the implant system.In this study thirty nine patients needing implants in the lower premolars and molars region in both sides were included. Digital panoramic radiograph were examined by using computerized analysis by software of dimax system , by measuring the distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the roof of the mandibular canal , while in film panoramic radiograph, a ruler was used to measure the distance from the crest of the alveolar bone to the roof of the mandibular canal with the utilization of a viewingbox. it was found that film panoramic radiograph had higher value than digital panoramic radiograph in all sites of the teeth specially in themolar region.

Although CO2laser irradiation can decrease enamel demineralization, it has still not been clarified which laser wavelength and which irradiation conditions represent the optimum parameters for application as preventive treatment. One of the important applications of the laser is as a caries inhibition treatment of the sound dental tissues. This study aimed to assess the caries preventive potential of various CW CO2laser parameters, and to explore the effect of laser power density, and the exposure time on the caries inhibition activity. Eighty one extracted human premolar teeth were irradiated with three output power: (1, 2, and 4) W, three spot diameter: (2, 2.83, and 4) mm, and three exposure times: (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8) sec of 10.6μm CW CO2 laser. Three teeth were used as a control group. All teeth were subjected to carieslike lesion formation by 3.5 pH lactic acid solution for 21 days. The teeth after that were sectioned into ground cross sections and the lesion depths were measured under polarizing microscope. The lesion depths of experimental samples were compared with those of the control samples. A single exposure to CW CO2laser irradiation was found to be resulted in reduction of the carieslike lesion depths. These reductions were up to 61%. The inhibition activity was related directly to the power density and inversely to the exposure time of CW CO2laser radiation. The optimal parameters were 33W/cm2power density and 0.2 exposure time. These finding should be reinforced with more laboratory, animal, and human studies with and without fluoride before clinical applications.

This study was to evaluate the potential of using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root canal sealing material via comparing its apical sealing ability with that of the most commonly used root canal sealer (Dorifill) zinc oxide based sealer , twenty-eight extracted human single rooted teeth were selected for use in this study . All teeth were prepared in standard manner using hand instruments, randomly divided into two groups of twelve teeth each and a control group of four teeth. Root canals in the two experimental groups were filled laterally condensed gutta percha and either MTA or zinc oxide based (Dorifill) sealer. After sealers had set, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish except 1 mm at the apex of the root . Positive controls had no root filling and were coated with nail varnish in the same manner, while the negative controls were sealed only entirely with nail varnish. The teeth were immersed into 1% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were cleared and the linear extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Group (MTA) showed significantly less apical dye penetration than group 2 . Positive controls had total leakage and negative controls had no leakage. The study demonstrate that MTA provide an apical seal that is superior to that of zinc oxide based root canal sealer (Dorifill).

This study was to evaluate and compare dental arch and alveolar widths of patients with ClassII division one malocclusion with group of untreated normal occlusion subjects. This study was performed using measurement on dental casts of 30 normal occlusion and 30 Class II division 1 malocclusion of Iraqi sample aged 15-22 years. T-test was applied for comparing the groups , the finding of this study indicated that maxillary interpremolar width, maxillary canine, maxillary premolar and maxillary first molar and mandibular premolar and molar alveolar widths were found significantly narrower in the Class II division 1 group when compared with the normal occlusion sample (P<.001). The maxillary and mandibular intermolar and mandibular intercanine alveolar widths were statistically significantly larger in the Class II division 1 group ( P<.01) . Maxillary molar teeth in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion tend to incline to the buccal to compensate the insufficient alveolar base therefore rapid maxillary expansion rather than slow maxillary expansion should be considered during treatment of Class II division 1 patients. The results of our study suggested that transverse discrepancy in Class II division one malocclusion originated from upper posterior teeth and maxillary alveolar base.

This study is to examine which one is most effective the use of NaF mouthrinse and toothpaste with chlorohexidine mouthwash or the use of NaF gel with Naf toothpaste and chlorohexidine mouth wash on the plaque and gingivitis of maxillary anterior teeth that occurs in orthodontic patients during the treatment of fixed appliance. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with 60 orthodontic patients (16 males and 44 females, average age from 15to 25 ) was designed . All the patients were instruct to brush with NaF tooth past three times in the day and to use chlorohexidine mouth wash at night . Visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded on the six maxillary anterior teeth at bonding and after one, two and three months and evaluated with t tests .Then the patients that began to have plaque and gingivitis were divided into two groups A and B , In group A they were instruct to use NaF gel (1500 ppm) in addition to NaF(1450ppm) toothpaste and 2% chlorohexidine mouth wash while group B used Naf (250 ppm) mouth rinse in addition to NaF toothpaste and chlorohexidine . There was a significant differences(P<0.05) between bonding and debonding after 3 months recorded forVPI and there was also a significant difference between group A and B for the VPI and for the GBI after six weeks of the treatment . It was concluded that the combined use of an NaF toothpaste/gel and chlorohexidine mouthwash had a slightly more inhibitory effect on the development of , plaque and gingivitis on maxillary anterior teeth during fixed orthodontic treatment compared with NaF mouth rinse / toothpaste with chlorohexidine mouthwash .

The objectives of this studywere to determine and compare the arch perimeter, arch width and vertical arch length in class I normal occlusion and class II malocclusion (division 1 and division 2) in a Kurdish sample of young adults aged 14–25 years. These measurements were taken on 100 study models (50 cases of class I normal occlusion and 50 cases of class II malocclusions). The results showed that (1) Upper and lower arch perimeters of class I normal occlusion were significantly shorter than class II division 1 [at p value= 0.000 ,0.016 ] subsequently ,whereas, no significant difference were found comparing with class II division 2 group[ p value= 0.59 , 0.61] subsequently (2) No differences were found in upper intercanine width in the two different groups of class II malocclusion[p=0.136] and with class I normal occlusion at p> 0.05, (3) upper intermolar width in Class II division 2 were significantly smaller than that in class I normal occlusion [p= 0.000] (4) Lastly, the vertical maxillary arch length in Class II division 1 was significantly larger than Class II division 2 at p<0.05 .

This study describes a method of coloring the teeth to give natural appearance by using interchangeable flasks for duplicate denture by using a sectional mold technique.

The success of RPDS*depends greatly on it\'s design, (which means acrylic, ch-co**, and fixed).But unfortunately many dentists delegate their responsibility of RPDS design to the dental technician for one reason or another, this study was done to confirm the effect of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design, and to identify the changes between design of group (A) dental technician and group (B) the dentists, and to be solved in future.The result show 36% of the cases were modified and changed according to the cases related variables this high and significant number of modification reinforces the position that RPD design should be decided and guided by the dentists. The study conducted the effects of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design by comparing between designs group of Dental technician without clinical examination and designs marked by the dentists after providing the clinical examination, the change of design was clearly proved that the clinical examination played a very important role in changing the RPD designs.

It has been suggested that gingivitis during pregnancy could have a causal relationship with low weights for newborns. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of gingivitis during pregnancy on the birth weight of newborns.Pregnant women were randomly selected and whom their gum had inflamed were contained in Group 1 (or G1); and this sample size was 50 subjects. This group was compared with a control group of 50 pregnant women whom presented with healthy gums and contained in Group 2 (or G2). Mothers were examined by a dentist who was not informed of the group classified. A probe was used to measure extent and severityof gingivitis. The extension index (EI) and severity index (SI) of gingivitis were determined.Both groups of mothers were near in terms of maternal age, parity, weight, height, skin color, obesity, socioeconomic status, parity, antenatal care, abortion, bacteriuria, nutritional status, diabetes mellitus, previous hypertension, and preeclampsia. The characteristics of the newborns were: birth weight: G1 = 1854±590 gram and G2 = 3175±610 gram; gestational age: G1 = 34±6 weeks and G2 = 38±3 weeks; duration ofstay in the neonatal intensive care unit: G1 = 1.8±0.6 days and G2 = 0.7±0.4 days. Average EI: G1 = 84.663±11.634 and G2 = 69.010±18.122 (p<0.05). Average SI: G1 = 1.217±0.623 and G2 = 0.705±0.404 (p<0.05). The study analysis indicated a marked relation between gingivitis and low birth weight. Our data suggested that gingivitis during pregnancy may be a risk factor for low weight at birth.

The present study has been undertaken to illustrate the effect of argon laser and nystatin on isolated candida albican and Actinomycetes from oral cavity of children. Out of 20 samples, positive cultures were 26 bacterial samples and 12 fungus samples, the isolated bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus ,klebseilla pneumonias ,and streptococcus viridans .The isolated fungi included candida albican and Actinomycetes. The present study shows that determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations ofnystatin ranged from 1-12 i.u./ml in sabroud agar plates were prepared and cultured with tested fungi ,incubated at 25oC for 24-48 hrs.The candida albican and Actinomycetes fungi exposed to argon ion (Ar+) laser after focal with a lens of (15) cm after focal point for periods of time (1,1.5,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16)min, and shows the effect of combination between nystatin and laser light.The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of nystatin for candida albican were 1-12 i.u./ml but the minimal inhibitory concentrations of nystatin for Actinomycetes were 3-12 i.u./ml .Also it is found that candida albican completely killed after exposure to argon laser for 12-16 minutes. While Actinomycetes completely killed after exposure to argon laserfor 10-16 minutes.The combination between laser and nystatin were more effective,all candida albican isolated from oral cavity were killed after exposure to (argon laser light , nystatin combination) for 10 minutes / 7 i.u./ml, while all Actinomycetes killed after exposure to (argon laser light ,nystatin combination) for 6 minutes/5 i.u./ml .The widly uses of laser in oral and dental treatment encourages to further investigations . Recent advances has shown the save and destructive results by using laser open the hopes to introduce laser strongly in treatment of oral and dental diseases.

A total of (80) swabs were collected from mouth of patients suffering from dental and oral disease of both sexes and their ages ranged from 1-60 years which are ( referred) to consult the dental clinics and specialized centers of dental in AL-Hawija city from 2009.12.1 to 2010.4.30 ,In order to isolated and identified the causative agents that associated with oral disease and its antibiotics sensitivity against some antibiotics in addition to study the some factors that a effected and aided the occurrence and prevelance of these agents in mouth. Gram positive bacteria were ahigh number especially Streptococci –viridans which get of (4) species , form it the more important it’s the Streptococcus mutans (20) isolats and in rate 25% , then S. sanguis (14) isolates 17.5% ,S.mitis ( 13 isolates ) 16.3% and S.salivarius (12 isolates)15%.For the Staphylococci were isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis(8 isolates) rate 10%,for the Lactobacillus ,two species wereisolated (6 isolates ) in rate 7.5% for L. acidophilus, the otherspecies L. casei (5 isolates) 6.2% , the most other Gram positivebacteria were rare in isolation and at defferent(2 isolates ) rates2.5% Actinomyces viscosus.The ability of some bacteria totolerate different salt concentrations & PH level . It was found thatStaph. epidermidis was capable of toleration of the highest saltconcentrations( 10%) while L. acidophilus was sensitive for all ofthe utilized concentrations, but it showed its high capability to grow on acidic medium (PH=4) more than other bacteria . The antibiotic sensitivity test for isolates against (9) antibiotics showed that the Cefotaxim was the best antibiotics and have higher effecton bacterial isolates ,then Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin .While the antibiotics Trimethoprim, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin were less effect on these isolates.