JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMICS

The current research aims to test the effect of knowledge sharing in achieving organizational pride, and in order to achieve this, the dimensions of knowledge sharing represented by (the individual dimension, the organizational dimension, the technological dimension) were adopted based on the study of Lin, 2007)), and the dimensions of organizational pride represented by (pride Emotional, behavioral pride) based on a study (Kraemer & Gouthier, 2014), and the staff of the Ministry of Youth and Sports headquarters in Baghdad were selected to test this research, as the research problem was diagnosed through coexistence as well as frequent visits and continuous personal interviews with employees, which was represented in the extent of their cognitive and field awareness For the accurate conceptual content and the importance of the research variables, a questionnaire was prepared for this purpose, as it concluded (242) individuals from different levels, and the data was analyzed through a set of appropriate statistical treatment methods, as (Pearson) correlation analysis was used for the purpose of testing correlation hypotheses, and the use of correlation modeling Structural Equation Modeling, as well as Path Analysis to test impact hypotheses. The research reached a set of results. Most notably, there is a significant effect of knowledge sharing in its dimensions in organizational pride.

The research aims to know the relationship between skillful leadership in achieving strategic superiority in the Ministry of Electricity, Department of Training and Energy Research, through skillful leadership behaviors represented by (open behaviors and closed behaviors), and through the basic dimensions of strategic superiority (appropriate strategy, cultural and cognitive superiority, superiority operations, superiority of services), and an indication of the extent of the impact of skillful leadership behaviors and its exploratory and investment activities in achieving strategic superiority. Achieving strategic superiority through the correct exploitation of the capabilities and skills available in the organization to achieve strategic superiority in its field of work. The respondents were numbered (130) employees, and to test hypotheses, the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach. Madad used the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The researchers also reached a set of results, perhaps the most prominent of which is the presence of an influence between skillful leadership in achieving strategic superiority in an effort to meet the future aspirations of the organization in question.

This research seeks to identify the prevalence of impolite behavior or impolite behavior among workers in Palestinian universities, and also aims to reveal their level of achievement motivation. In addition to identifying the relationship between the two variables, as well as the impact of impolite behavior in the workplace on achievement motivation.
To achieve its objectives, the research followed the analytical descriptive approach. It targeted a sample of (359) individual employees working in Palestinian universities, where the questionnaire was distributed to them. The research found that the rate of impoliteness behavior was very low, as it did not exceed (34.9%), while the level of achievement motivation was high (83%). It was also shown that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between impoliteness behavior and achievement motivation, and the research found that there is a statistically significant inverse effect for all dimensions of impoliteness behavior on achievement motivation.

The research is based on the basic idea that companies today are heading a new direction towards protecting the environment associated with the growing awareness of the pollution damage caused by these companies as a result of their operations and activities in the environment, which necessitated the need for business companies to adapt themselves in response to successive developments, so the great development was that companies moved from responsibility The only economic for business to social responsibility by emphasizing the socially responsible profit, and crystallizing the research problem in the lack of knowledge of the workers in the researched factory with modern production concepts of green productivity strategies and sustainable waste management, and the importance of the research stems from the fact that it deals with the methods that would preserve the natural environment of Green productivity strategies (improving productivity and protecting the environment), with the aim of enhancing its competitive position and preserving the environment. The research sample consisted of (208) workers who have knowledge in their field of work. Correlation and effect relationships between the researched variables A set of conclusions, perhaps the most important of which is "that the employees of the researched organization pay great attention to green productivity strategies in order to manage sustainable waste, as well as to provide a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the researched organization to pay sufficient and equal attention to green productivity strategies in order to achieve sustainable waste management.

The current research aims to analyze stock prices using the Dow Jones theory, one of the most prominent technical analysis theories used in the global financial markets to predict the stock price trends of the companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research included six sectors (banks - communications - industry - services - hotels and agriculture). Out of nine sectors, the sample included 30 companies that meet the research conditions, for a period of time of (60) months, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021. The Dow Jones theory was used to analyze the stock prices of the research sample companies. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which it was possible to analyze and monitor the market situation and its future trends through the use of the Dow Jones theory, as the results showed fluctuation in the stock prices of the research sample companies, and this is due to the economic and political changes that the country went through during the period (2017-2021).

The researcher aims through the research to determine the level of impact of electronic human resource management in its dimensions (electronic polarization, electronic compensation) in organizational excellence in its dimensions (leadership, knowledge), and the reason for choosing the subject of the research is that the organization faces challenges in the field of introducing electronic work in its activities before and during a crisis ( Corona) and the great need to adopt modern and advanced technology in managing electronic human resources, and the problem can be crystallized in the main question, which is (can the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs achieve organizational excellence when practicing electronic human resources management), achieving organizational excellence helps the organization to grow, survive and achieve its goals, Where the management of electronic human resources is the active workforce to ensure the survival of the organization and its sustainability and the achievement of its goals and that preserving its sustainability is one of the goals sought by the research. The research community included the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and the sample included the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs employees who searched for their different job positions, and the analytical descriptive approach was adopted in the research. The questionnaire was used as the main tool for research. It was distributed to a random sample of employees in the Human Resources Department. The number of distributed forms was (132), and (117) of them were retrieved, valid for analysis, with a recovery rate of (89%). ), and the most important statistical methods used are the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, divergence factor, and the SPSS-ver. 24 program was used in analyzing the data, and the research results concluded that there is a correlation and influence relationship between the main variables, the dimensions of electronic human resources management with organizational excellence and its dimensions, and the most important recommendations are the emphasis on the Ministry Labor and Social Affairs. The necessity of adopting and expanding electronic human resources management and using the following practices (electronic recruitment, electronic compensation), which has a clear relationship and role in achieving organizational excellence.

The research aims to study the impact of the technological dimension on the creativity of the service and the creativity of the process in the government sector, specifically in the Directorate of National Card Affairs, which is one of the formations of the Ministry of Interior, as it is one of the important service directorates in the Ministry and has a major role in providing services to citizens in the country. The problem was the weak use of modern technology in the directorate under discussion, despite its impact and role in the directorate's operations and the service provided to citizens. The researchers chose a random sample from the community, which included (220) employees in the directorate under study, and used the questionnaire to collect information. The program (SPSS V.24) was used to show the results with the help of several statistical methods, the most important of which are (the weighted arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the coefficient of variation, the correlation coefficient, and the simple linear regression coefficient). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a weakness in the directorate under study in the use of technology to reduce or eliminate paperwork and routine administrative processes and not to use the intranet in its internal work, due to the directorate's reliance on the previous administrative approach. The most prominent recommendations were the need to expand the use of technology and modern devices in the directorate and at all administrative levels, giving the issue of bridging the gap between the expected service and the perceived service more attention by opening information and feedback programs and allowing the beneficiary to express his opinion on the quality of the service provided.

The research aims to determine the interactive role of customer happiness to enhance the impact of the physical manifestation of the product in achieving customer loyalty. The search was conducted from a number of customers in a group of restaurants in Baghdad Governorate, which numbered (250) customers. The questionnaire was relied on to collect data and a number of statistical methods were used, represented by the arithmetic mean, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression coefficients, and graded multiple regression coefficients through the use of the specialist program. SPSS and Excel for interactive effect measurement.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the interest of the researched sample in the mechanisms of applying customer happiness would enhance the effect of the physical manifestation of the product in achieving customer loyalty, as the presence of happiness along with adopting physical manifestation practices would improve the level of loyalty, and this indicates that the influencing relationship Between the physical manifestation of the product and customer loyalty changes according to the change in the level of happiness among customers, which recommends designing a suitable physical environment for the products and services provided by restaurants by creating a sense of happiness among customers and measuring their loyalty to the services provided, thus contributing to drawing its future vision.

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of strategic planning on the performance of projects in its dimensions (strategic analysis, support of senior management, implementation of strategies) for the Iraqi industrial sector in the industrial sector in Iraq, where the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample consisting of (134) workers in project management at the upper and middle administrative levels, and by using a number of statistical methods to analyze the data such as the stability coefficient, the standard deviation and the simple linear regression test using the statistical program (SPSS). Reaching a set of results, the most important of which is that the project management analyzes the external environment to identify the various variables that may affect it in the future, and analyzes the internal environment to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the project.

The project management faces challenges represented in the completion of the project, although it is subject to constraints related to time and financial resources allocated to the project, so this matter requires an accurate calculation of time and cost. order for the scheduled time and cost. On this basis, the project was studied again according to modern scientific and mathematical methods, using the critical path method (CPM) to find the order completion time and its cost, depending on one of the ready-made efficient programs, which is (WinQSB2). electrician, at a cost of (152,000,000) million dinars. The time and cost of completing an order for the production of 2000 electric heaters in the General Company for Electrical Industries, based on personal experience and simple mathematical methods, and according to the data taken from the planning department in the company, was (300) days and at a cost of (190,000,000) million dinars, and compared to the results obtained using Critical Path Method (CPM) We conclude that the proposed method has proven its efficiency and sobriety in scheduling activity times as well as reducing the order completion time by (43) days and reducing the cost by (38,000,000) million dinars than planned in the company.

Digitization is one of the most important fields in our contemporary time and it has become necessary for economic institutions to adopt. Rapid technological development has made a great impact on the global economy, and technological systems have knocked on the doors of various economic sectors and contributed to achieving more advantages, including the speed and efficiency of services and the development of innovations. And the solutions needed by society and improving the methods of administrative and governmental work, work on digitizing the economies of a country that enables it to achieve more growth and enhances its ability to strengthen and improve the economy by increasing the ability of that country to preserve its resources and rationalize their use, which increases the sustainability of economic resources, so to speak, and accordingly Basically, the most important concepts in digitization are highlighted, and then we go back to sustainability, and then we review the extent to which Iraq benefits from digitization in the economic field. The results of the research indicated that digitization leads to rationalizing the consumption of various resources, increasing the efficiency of their use, reducing waste and financial corruption, and increasing and improving the productivity of human resources. We add to that the positive impact of digitization on the environment for its role in reducing the level of pollution due to rationalization and efficiency resulting from the use of modern digital technologies in various Economic activities, and with regard to Iraq, the technology that reaches it is not at the level of ambition and does not help in achieving the development it aspires to. Rather, it is considered late in implementing digital development strategies compared to countries in the region and the world. As a result of the low level of education and weak investment in digital infrastructure.

Since the beginning of the nineties of the twentieth century and when economies applied the approach of economic liberalization to move the economy from a centrally directed system to a free market economy, another reason for the high inflation rates emerged in the economic analysis represented in the effect of the relative prices of some essential commodities, which prompted many economies to set a goal It is essential for monetary and fiscal policy, which is the attempt to address the problem of relative prices, with the aim of bringing the inflation rate to low and stable levels, through activating the exchange rate and interest rate policy along with taxes, financial support, and investment allocation.
The Iraqi economy is one of the economies that suffer from the problem of inflation, as Iraq has faced since the beginning of the nineties decade of hyperinflation, and despite the Central Bank's followers of a deflationary monetary policy with the aim of reducing inflation rates, this policy faced several challenges that made the process of reduction and then stability Inflation rates are slow, and these challenges are represented by: supply bottlenecks in the real sector (supply shock), which mainly centered in the deficit of the fuel and energy supply sector and its negative repercussions on transportation costs, production and marketing costs, and then the emergence of the problem of relative prices, and the significant impact of aggregate demand, or spending. The aggregate effect on goods and services in the economy, which came as a reflection of the expansion of the phenomenon of current government expenditures at the expense of investment spending, and the excessive issuance of cash (cash shock) in previous decades due to wars and economic blockade, and in the face of the insufficiency of the production sectors to meet local demand, this created pressure on inflation rates. towards height.
In the face of the monetary and fiscal policy facing these obstacles, which reduced its effectiveness in reducing inflation rates, the problem of relative prices has emerged to become an important obstacle in achieving the goal of monetary and fiscal policy represented in reducing inflation rates and advancing the Iraqi economy, which requires monetary and fiscal policy "along with other economic policies." To activate the policy of exchange and interest rates in proportion and in coordination with the financial policies of "investment allocations, tax incentives and financial support" to reduce the impact of these obstacles and then advance the Iraqi economy.

The public debt in Iraq is one of the important and sensitive topics that arouse the interest of researchers, so the research focused on the determinants of public debt in Iraq for a time series between (1990-2020) and by taking a group of macroeconomic variables that affect public debt in Iraq, based on previous research and studies. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the analytical descriptive method was used to describe the research variables, in addition to using the quantitative method to build the standard economic model for the research based on the Eviews12 program. General, and the positive relationship between each of the exchange rate and inflation rate with public debt, and all tests confirmed the correctness and logic of the model used, as well as the stability of the model structure.

Fixed assets are among the most important requirements needed by government units in conducting their business, and without them, these units cannot carry out their work properly. The Ministry of Finance in recent years, as the current budgets are stalled or were not approved at all, the government units relied on purchasing the fixed asset through their higher education funds, but there is an accounting procedure adopted by the Ministry, which is the transfer of the fixed asset that is obtained from the funds to the current budget, which deprives these units of the right to dispose of what they own, and accordingly the research came to discuss these procedures and suggest changing them, with the proposal of storage accounts for education funds in order to enter what is in them and show them in their storage accounts.

One of the most common methods in the framework of modeling fluctuations and predicting conditional variance is the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model and the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Generalized (GARCH) model. And that each of the two models represents a linear function of the squared previous values.
(Rabemananjara and Zakoian, 1993) (8) noted that the variance function (σ_t^2) varies depending on whether the previous values are positive or negative and that asset prices move more quickly during some periods, which makes the introduction of a switching framework System Switching in (ARCH) and (GARCH) models is essential for modeling fluctuations. The most appropriate of these was the GARCH threshold model (TGARCH).
As for our research, this is to predict the future fluctuations of the Nikkie 225 index price series using the hybrid model (TGARCH (1,1 ARIMA (p,0, q)) - when the random error process follows a skewed and untwisted distribution.

The research aims to determine the importance of creative marketing and its role in supporting religious tourism under the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic, as well as diagnosing the level of support for religious tourism services among the research sample and its interest in adopting creative marketing for those services. The level of religious tourism services for the research sample, and to test these hypotheses, several statistical tests were used for the data that were obtained from an intentional sample of (60) people from department and division managers. The research concluded that creative marketing has a fundamental and important role in supporting and developing religious tourism services, but that The types of these services and the methods of their performance are not up to the level of ambition in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.

This research aims to reveal the extent of the impact of paradoxical leadership through its dimensions in achieving knowledge management strategies based on the answers of a sample of academics in the Engineering Technical College and Technical Institute of Amara. The problem of the research was determined by diagnosing leadership practices in research sample organizations and the extent of their ability to integrate and match the contradictory options when making decisions in order to create a competitive environment to respond to the requirements of change. To achieve the research objectives a questionnaire was designed and consisted of (32) questions distributed to a sample of (65) academics, (60) of which were returned valid for statistical analysis. The research also reached several conclusions, the most important of which are that the leadership in the above two organizations practices a high degree of the principle of maintaining control of the decision while allowing Autonomy, and also the research came out with a set of recommendations for the achievement of knowledge management strategies.

planning an audit of financial statements is an important subject and its importance comes from the fact that it requires some details that make the auditing more successful. The optimal details of planning are contained in ISA (300) requirements so the study mainly aims to ascertain that the auditors of the federal board of supreme audit of Iraq comply with the requirements of ISA (300) when they plan the auditing of financial statements. To achieve the main objective of the study, a sample of (95) the auditors of federal board of supreme audit of Iraq were surveyed through a questionnaire consisting of (42) paragraphs concerned with five sections of requirements. The replies to the questionnaire were collected and processed by using statistical measures for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses.
The study is structured in six axes including an introduction, a conceptual framework of the study, empirical study hypothesis tests, conclusions, and references.