Journal of Biotechnology Research Center

المستخلص
Abstract
he study was conducted in of Appliad art/ Zafarania garden during 2011-2010 season to investigat the effet of magnetized Water of different Gausses (0, 500 , 1000( Gausses on growth, Root charactors and mucilage percentage of calendula offianala L. var lemon queen and orang king. RCBD design with three Replications was used. Results showed that highest average of leaf length, dry percentage of Vegtative growth, Chlorophyll percentage, roots length, root diameter, dry weight of roots for Both cultivars due to the irrigation with the magenetized water with 1000 Gausses reached up to (14.95cm, % 28.90, % 42.98, % 2.98). However there was a signification increase in treatment on mucilage percentage in leaves and roots reached up to (2.85, 1.02)% compare with control treatment. The highest percentage of dry weight leaf and root, Chlorophyll percentage and mucilage percentage of leaf and root at Yellow queen reached up to (28.24%, 42.40%, 2.72%, 5.70mm, 2.91gm 0.94%).

Abstract
wenty Bacillus isolated were obtained from different sample food and water. Bacillus B1 isolated was the highest asparaginase producer, it was identified as a strain of B. subtilis.The highest production of asparaginase was observed when mineral salt medium containing 0.3% asparagen, pH 8 and incubated at 400c for 24 hrs. B. subtilis B1 cells were immobilized by entrapment methods (calcium alginate and agar), and by adsorption on solid surface such as sawdust and cotton. The result showed that the immobilized cells by adsorption on sawdust was the best, the immobilized cell retained 88% of asparginase activity after 48h while free cell retained 65%. Cells immobilized by adsorption on sawdust was incubated at different temperatures (37-60)0c for 12 min. and at different pH (4-10) for 120 min. the result showed that the immobilized cell had 78% remaining activity at 37c while the free cells were 58%, and retaining activity was 70% at pH=7 while free cells were 52%.

Abstract
nhibitory action of the aqueous (WE), acetone (AE), methyl (ME), and volatile oil (OE) Of Trigonella Foenum_Graecum seeds against some pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Different concentration (20, 50, 80) mg\ml of the extract were used against gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.) and gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The result obtained from this study varied according to the type of extract, microorganism and the concentration used. Volatile oil extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in all concentration. So acetone, methyl and aqueous extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in 80 mg\ml concentration. While the last extracts had no efficiency inhibiting against study bacteria in 20mg\ml concentration, and they no effected at the negative bacteria in 50mg\ml concentrations, so the aqueous extract had no effect against positive bacteria in the same last concentration. The volatile oil extract seed was considered to be the most efficient against all tested bacteria comparing with other. Thus it was applied on preserving cooled minced beef by using different concentrations (0, 5, 15, 25, 50, 100) mg\kg of meat. As a result showed low in the number of total bacteria count, total coli form count and total mold and yeast count c by using highest concentration of extracts during the storage at(2±7)oc comparing with control sample.

Abstract
ifty white Swiss male mice (6-7) weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups, and each group included 25 mice. Group 1 (treatment group) were get magnetic water, group 2 (control group) were get tap water. After whole experimental period (16 weeks), Animals sacrificed and sperms were collected from epididimyes, then histopathology for testis tissue was done and morphologically abnormal sperm of head sperm percentage were calculated. Results revealed that abnormalities of head sperm percentage in treatment group 0.99% were reduced compared with control group 1.03%, but the differences were not significant. Means of narrow head, loss hook head, hammer head and bacillary head in control group were insignificantly (P>0.05) more than treatment group, but mean of spherical head in treatment group 1.63 was mathematically higher than its similar in control group 1.44, simple correlation coefficient between all kinds of abnormalities was insignificant except that between loss hook head and hammer head (-0.27) which exhibited significant differences (p<0.05). No significant reduction was observed in motality percentage of sperms, dead and abnormalities of sperms in the treatment group compared to control group. Significant increase (P<0.01) was observed in seminiferous tubules diameters in the treatment group, whereas primary spermatocytes, spermatids and interstitial spaces exhibited insignificant increase in treatment group compared with control group.

Abstract
aryotyping of European Fruit Scale Parthenolecanium corni(Bouché) studied on almond trees in Village of Rankous-Syria in 2008. Results showed there are 16 chromosomes of the insect by using the technique of squashing preparations described by Gavrilov and Trapeznikova (2007) without use of dry ice and substituting it with freezing at -140°C (Cryo Freezer).

Abstract
he study was conducted at the poultry farm, Department of animal genetics/ Ministry of science and Technology for the period between 2/10/2007-8/1/2008 to investigate the efficiency of magnetic technology of water (MTW) in egg production, egg weight and egg quality in leghorn pullets.120 pullets were randomly distributed and subjected to four treatment, (T1) represented control, and T2,T3,T4 represented treatment of MTW with strength (500,1000,1500) gauses. The results showed Significant increasing in egg production rates (H.D) and significant (P≤0.05) improvement in consumed feed and conversion, also the results had shown increase in egg weight, Haugh units, shell thickness and yolk index. The results indicated that treatment with magnetic water is a good technological method for improvement of egg production and qual

Abstract
he effect of five levels of sodium chloride (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2) % on callus initiated from immature embryos of three genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. (I.E.Tamose 2, Rabeia, genotype 20) were investigated. Callus fresh and dry weight, cell contents of proline, carbohydrate as well as Na, Cl, K and Ca ions were used as parameters to determine the effect of NaCl on callus culture. The results showed Significant differences between genotypes in the most parameters studies significant reduction in callus fresh and dry weight as well as callus content of K, Ca ions and carbohydrate with NaCl concentration increased in the medium . On the other hand proline concentration Na and Cl ions were significant increased with NaCl concentration increased in the culture medium. Significant interactions were recorded between genotypes and salt concentration in their parameters.

Abstract
he present study was performed to assess the ability of local isolate Nocardia asteroids to produce bioemulisifers and utilize crude oil at three concentrations (0.5,1,2) % on blue mineral salt agar and mineral salt broth. Four parameters were used to detect the production of the bioemulisifers: Diameter of dark blue halo around the colonies, the time of appearance, emulisification activity of supernatant, hydrophobicity of cell surface of suspension.The local isolate was subjected to mutation by laser irradiation at different exposure times (2,4,6,8,10,12)minutes. In this study the ability of both non mutated and mutated local isolate had been tested to utilize crude oil in soil sample was monitored through six weeks Results obtaind could be summarized as follows: The local isolate has shown the ability to emulsify crude oil as the sole carbon and energy source by bioemulisification, depending on four parameters, bioemulisifers production reaching maximum after utilizing 2% crude oil. Significant increase in production of bioemulisifers reaching maximum after, (6) minutes from exposure to Laser, depending on four parameters. Significant increase in total number of the cells in soil sample contaminated with 2% crude oil after the addition of bacterial filtrate of non mutated and mutated of local isolate.

Abstract
oft cuttings 15cm of three citrus rootstocks (Carrizo citrange, Troyer citrange, Swingle citrumello) which propagated in vitro and transplanting in Green house, and rooted in diluted solution at (0.0, 10NAA,10 IBA, 10 NOA, 10NAA+2IBA, 10 IBA+2NAA, 10NOA+2IBA) mg/L and Concentrated solution at (0.0, 1000 IAA,1000 IBA,1000 NAA,1000 NOA mg/L and Serdix, Serdix with sol.). Data of Rooting percentage, number of roots per plant after (40,50) days and their root lengths were investigated. Results showed that diluted solution significant effect on all character after (40,50) days, Based on diluted solution (10NAA+2 1BA) mg/L showed the highest rooting percentage, root per shoot, length of shoot reached (60%, 1.47 root/culting, 3.69cm ), respectively after 50 day While, there was no significant effected of concentrated solution in Rooting percentage after 40 days, 1000mg/L IAA gave highest rooting percentage reached 66.67% and highest mean in roots per shoot and length (1.53 root/culting , 2.77cm) respectively , after 50 days. There was no significant effect of stocks on Rooting percentage by using diluted and concentrated solution While, Troyer citrange showed highest mean in number of root reached 1.2 root/ culting, Carrizo citrange gave highest mean in length of roots reached 2.33 cm by using concentrated solution.

Abstract
welve isolates of Lactobacillus sp from twenty four samples were collected from different sources:- four samples from soil (S), twenty samples from different foods includs Vegetable four (V), fruit tow (F), spoilage cooking food tow (F0), Dairy product like Youghart four (Y), cheese four (Ch), Cream one (C) and one sample from fish (Fm1), sheep meat( Shm1), Chicken meat (Chm1). These samples were tested shaply, microscopically, biochemicaly and their ability to grow and analyzed different organic material such material like tannic acid, phenol, chloroform, heptan with different concentrations(6,8,10)% by using different type of media likeN.A, MRSA, BHIA.The Lactobacillus spp organic material degradation ability were tested and shown the following results, isolates LY3, LCh1, LV1, LV, LF1, LF01were analyzed intermediate and minimum concentrations while two isolates LFM1, LChm1were able to analyzed of tannic acid when found with minimum concentration. The best media MRSA in grow and analyzed of tannic acid. The isolates LY2, LCh2, LC1, LF1, LF01showen ability to grow in all media when phenol were used, while the isolates LY2, LCh2, LC1are the best in analyzed from all isolates , media MRSA is the best media for analyzed The chloroform were used as substrate to testing ability of bacteria to grow the isolates LY2, LY3, Lch2, Lc1, LV2, LFm, LF1 are the best for grow, while isolates LY2, LY3, LChm showen best ability to analyzed. The media nutrient agar is the best. when heptan are used the isolates LY2, LY3, Lch2, LV2, LF1, LChm1 give best grow in 3 concentrations, while isolates LY1, LV2, LF1, Lf01 give best analyzed.The media nutrient agar is the best.

Abstract
nthers were taken from bean flower buds of the variety Aquadlce and microspore developmental stages were determined according to flower bud sizes. Anthers were cultured on modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SH) supplemented with EDTA ferric monosodium salt to the SH medium which was taken from formulation of Murashige and Skoog (MS), casein hydrolysate 400 mg/l, some amino acids, and different combinations of growth regulators; kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid and 2, 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Kin + NAA + 2, 4-D) and benzyl adenine (BA + NAA + 2,4-D) in different concentrations. The combination (BA + NAA + 2, 4-D) used with flower bud sizes (7.1-8) mm, containing uninucleate microspores, gave better callus induction (50%). It was also found that the concentrations [1.0, 2.0] mg/l of ascorbic acid were better to prevent the accumulation of phenols in the medium than the concentration [0.0] mg/l. The cytological analysis revealed that the number of chromosomes in callus induced from flower bud sizes (2.5-6.4) mm contained diploid (2n=12 chromosomes), whereas chromosomes in callus induced from flower bud sizes (6.5-8.0) mm contained haploid (n=6 chromosomes) with the presence of some diploid cells (12 chromosomes).

Abstract
asosquamous carcinoma is one of skin malignant tumor with features of both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It may behave more aggressively with an increased risk of recurrence and metastases. Investigations on the incidence, clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of basosquamous cell carcinoma in comparison with basal and squamous cell carcinoma were carried out. The clinical records of 3000 patients were reviewed from Razgary teaching hospital in Erbil from the period of 1-1-2008 to 1-1-2009 for the diagnosis of basosquamous carcinoma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma and an immunohistochemistry study was done to the basosquamous cell carcinoma.The incidence of basosquamous carcinoma is 8.82% among basal 63.24% and squamous cell carcinoma 27.94%. The commonest site is the nose and mostly occurs in patient over 50 years. Regarding immunohistochemical study of both epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and low molecular weight keratin (LMWK) showed 5 positive cases out of 6 Basosquamous carcinoma cases. It was concluded that Basosquamous carcinoma incidence is less than that of basal and squamous cell carcinoma. The histological diagnosis of basosquamous carcinoma is confirmed by the use of LMWK and EMA immunohistochemical staining of the areas of both basal cell carcinoma area and squamous cell carcinoma area, respectively

Abstract
he effect of different cultural conditions on production of bioemulsifier from Serratia marcescens S10 was determined; different carbon and nitrogen sources were used such as: different oils include: edible (vegetable) oils (olive oil, sesame oil, sun flower oil and corn oil) and heavy oils (oil 150, oil 60, oil 40) as carbon sources and (NH4Cl, casein, (NH4)2SO4, peptone, tryptone, gelatin and yeast extract) as nitrogen sources were added to production media. Bioemulsifier was estimated by measuring the surface tension (S.T), emulsification activity (E.A) and emulsification index (E24%). The best results of bioemulsifier production from Serratia marcescens S10 were obtained at pH8 and incubated at 37ºC for 5days, using sesame oil as carbon source: surface tension (S.T) was reduced from 67 to 41 mN/m and with emulsification index (E24%) of 92% and emulsification activity (E.A) 0.3 and when used ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source: highest results for the isolate S10: S.T was decreased from 67 mN/m to 24 mN/m, E24% = 88%, E.A = 0.28.

Abstract
ipopolysaccharide was extracted from local isolate Sallmonella typhi (previously isolated and characterized) by hot EDTA method, and the extract was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography on sepharose Cl-6B gel. The results showed that the percentage of the carbohydrates amount in the partially purified LPS extract was 43.7%, while the percentage of binding proteins in the same extract was 0.7% with no nucleic acids was found. The molecular weight for the LPS was measured by the gel filtration chromatography method using Sepharose Cl-6B gel and was equivalent to 263000 Dalton. The LD¬50 of LPS was determined by injection of chicken embryos type Ice Brown in the charioallantoic membrane, and was 14.66 µg/Kg. In order to obtain anti S. typhi IgY antibodies, chickens were immunized with the partially purified S. typhi subcutaneously. The IgY antibodies were extracted from eggs yolk by water dilution method and the extract was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation at ratio 60% saturation, and gel filtration chromatography on sepharose Cl-6B gel. The results showed that the protein amount was equivalent to 23.5 mg/ml; specific activity was 0.268, and an overall yield of 70%. The molecular weight for the IgY antibodies was measured by the gel filtration chromatography method using Sepharose Cl-6B gel and was found to be 178000 dalton. The concentration of anti S.typhi LPS IgY antibodies in chicken eggs were investigated by ELISA and was found to be 6.3 mg/ml, and there is a significant differences (P<0.01).

Abstract
his study involved evaluation of side effects of two weight reduction pills that had been widely distributed in the last period. Two weight reduction compounds are studied, Reductil (containing chemical substances) and Chinese’s weight reduction herbs (containing natural substances). Two doses for each compound are used in this research; 5mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml for Reductil, while 30mg/ml and 10mg/ml for Chinese weight reduction herbs. To evaluate the toxic effects of these compounds, the following parameters were determined which include mitotic index (cytogenetic analysis), serum FSH and LH hormones level (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH and lutenising hormone/LH) and histological examination of female mice ovaries. Control group were treated with PBS for comparison. Results revealed that both compounds showed significant changes with the all studied parameters and at both doses when compared with control and, Reductil was shown to be more toxic than the Chinese herbs

Abstract
he present study was designed to evaluate the hormonal disturbance and the extent of DNA damage in blood cells and its association with azoospermia. Total of 68 subjects (48 azoospermic patients and 20 age-matched healthy subjects) participated in this study. Certain semen parameters were investigated according to World Health Organization guidelines [8]. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin levels were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DNA damage was determined by using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). It was found that the levels of FSH and prolactin hormones in azoospermic patients were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (10.30 versus 8.23 m IU/ml for FSH; and 11.02 versus 6.15 ng/ml for prolactin). Comet assay results revealed a significant increase in the length of tail, the mean of comet score(%) and tail lengthening(%) accompanied with a significant decrease in the length of nucleus in azoospermic group versus control group. Data from this study indicate that damage of blood DNA may be important in the etiology of azoospermia and that the comet assay of blood cells may have potential diagnostic value in the evaluation of azoospermia.

Abstract
his study was designed to detect the active compounds found in ethanolic crude extract of Zingeber officinale rhizome. Chemical detection of extract appeared that the ethanolic extract contain flavonoid, saponin, glycosids, phenols, resins, volatile oils, tannins, terpins and steroids while alkaloids and cumarines gave negative results. Different concentrations were prepared from ethanolic extract starting from (1-1000) µg/ml to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract on two malignant cell lines, human laryngeal carcinoma (HEP-2) cell line and murine mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN-3) cell line, exposure periods of cell lines were measured at (24, 48, 72)hr in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions. Results showed that, Ethanolic crude extract exhibited time-dependent cytotoxic effect of all concentrations after exposure for 24hr on cancer and transformed cells lines, and the 100 µg/ml gave the highest inhibition rate for AMN-3 86.2% after 24hr of exposure time and the cytotoxic effect of the extract started at lowest concentrations on HEP-2 cell line after 48hr of exposure reached which the best concentration 600 µg/ml gave the highest inhibition cell growth 73.4% after 48hr of exposure time.

Abstract
o study the association of serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different durations, and to predict their effect on their renal function. A case control study was conducted in the International Diabetic Center at Al-Mustansiryia University in Baghdad-Iraq from 1st September 2008 to the 30th of July 2010. One hundred and eight male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were introduced in this study. Fifty three healthy subjects were used as a control. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, leptin, urea, creatinine and body mass index were estimated in both patient and control groups. Fifty three 49.07% out of 108 were diabetic for ≤2 years, while 55 patient 50.93% were diabetic >2 years. All patients were obese while healthy control subjects were not. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels were found elevated in patients group while in control group their levels were found within normal range. Both urea and creatinine were also within the normal range for patients and control groups. Level of albumin in urine of patients with diabetes mellitus for ≤ 2years was found normal while in those with 3 to 6 or more than 6 years of DM, level of urinary albumin was found within the micro rang. A positive correlation with highly significant p value (<0.01) was found between patients (≤ 2 years and >2 years) serum leptin, glucose/leptin ratio and microalbuminuria. Conclusions: a strong association was found between serum leptin and glucose/leptin ratio with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients which can be used to predict the efficiency of their renal function at different durations and can be used as additional marker for the diagnosis of early stage of nephropathy.

Abstract
he antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus cell-free filtrate and ethanolic extract of sage Salvia officinalis on enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus and ethanolic extract of sage were determined by using well diffusion method. The results of ethanolic extract of sage showed moderate antibacterial activity even with high concentration of extract 20mg/ml with maximum inhibition zone 18mm. while, of Lactobacillus cell-free filtrate presented high antibacterial activity against E.coli (24mm) in vivo, thirty two albino male mice(age 8-10 weeks, weight ranged 23-27 gram) were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into four equal groups, include positive and negative controls. Histological analysis of intestine, liver and kidney showed that the mice infected with EPEC induce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and loss of microvillus actins rootlets as well as microvillus fragmentation and no significant changes in liver and kidney tissues of mice infected with EPEC. Normal microvilli and mucosal morphology observed in mice infected and treated with Lactobacillus and ethanolic extract of sage.

Abstract
rom September 2008 to May 2009, 122 specimens were collected by sterile cotton swaps from patients suffering from eye infection at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, 12 of them (9.83% isolation percentage) were diagnosed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by using biochemical tests, API 20 E system: they were named (P(1), P(2),……..P(12)). The agglutination sera for the grouping of P. aeruginosa test show that all the isolates belong to the P. aeruginosa strains (6, 9, 12, 16). The result show that P10 isolate have a greater ability to adhesion when all P. aeruginosa isolates were tested on Congo red agar medium and adherence to smooth surfaces. The chemical analysis of crude LPS that was extracted from P10 by using digestive enzyme and hot phenol water method showed that the percentage of carbohydrates was 7.3 and the percentage of protein was 1.3. No nucleic acids were found while the chemical analysis of partially purified LPS that was made by gel-filtration chromatography by using Sephacryl 200 S showed that the percentage of carbohydrates in the partial purified LPS was 19.5% and the percentage of binding proteins was 0.006%. No nucleic acids were found. When the molecular weight of LPS was measured by gel-filtration chromatography by using Sepharose C1- 6B- 200 it was found to be 630957 Dalton. The sera were prepared by using two wild type rabbits (weight 2-2.5 kg). They were injected with five doses over 70 days of different concentrations of partially purified LPS that have been extracted from P. aeruginosa P (10) isolate. One rabbit was used as a control that has been injected with PBS. The titer of antibodies in sera was determined by passive haemagglutination and it was in the immunized rabbit’s sera 160, and the best concentration of LPS was 10µg.

Abstract
n this study, the effect of Pimpinella anisum oil (Anise oil) extract is evaluated on some biochemical parameters in PCOS mice as a model for human PCOS. Estrous cyclicity of 24 adult cycling mice was monitored by vaginal smears. After about 4 days, 18 mice received an intramuscular (I.M.) injection of a single dose of estradiol valerate (EV), one mg in 0.1 ml of corn oil to induce (PCOS), corn oil was injected to the six mice in the control group. After 60 days from injection, mice with (PCOS) were orally administered multiple doses (200, 400) mg/kg Body weight of anise oil extract for 15 days. The histological (ovary) and hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone) results showed that anise oil can decrease signs of PCOS in the ovarian tissue and altered concentrations of luteinizing hormone.

Abstract
ntibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella isolates was investigated, the isolates were sensitive to some antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, imipenem and most of them showed resistance to amoxicillin and naldixic acid. The hydrophobicity of Salmonella was investigated by applying BATH test (Bacterial Adherence To Hydrocarbons) using xylene. The range was between (21-90) %, the results showed that five isolates were hydrophobic including sal10 isolate. The surface layer proteins (SLP)of sal10 showed the ability to act as agglutinins by applying haemagglutination test with and without 0.5% mannose, also the bacteria seemed to possess pili -type1 because of its’ ability to agglutinate with human blood cells and yeast cells. The agglutination of the bacteria was inhibited in the presence of mannose.The isolate sal10 was adhesive to buccal epithelial cells in an average 52 cell/epithelial cell, while this average decreased to reach 24 cell/ epithelial cell in the presence of Saccharomyces boulardii which was able to inhibit 54% of the bacterial adherance