Journal of University of Babylon

Background:
This study used eggshell powder(ESP) as reinforcement filler in (NR/NBR) blend to investigate the effect of this filler material on rheological properties.
Materials and Methods:
MSR 20 NR (50 pphr) was utilized, and (50 pphr) of NBR (1052, with 33 percent acrylonitrile contents) as a basic, carbon black N375(CB-20 pphr) was used. Eggshell powder (ESP) is a (97%) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder, two groups of samples were prepared with (0, 10, 30, and 50 phr) loading ratios of ESP and (CB-20 phr).
Results:
The results revealed that all properties decreased with increasing ESP and CB loading ratios except cure rate index(CR) properties increased with increasing loading ratios.
Conclusion:
From the results obtained Eggshell powder (ESP) was utilized in composites as biofillers. The eggshell powder (ESP) and CB-20 pphr used as reinforcement in the group (A) and (B) composites have been studied for their mechanical and rheological properties. As the loading ratios for (ESP) and (CB-20pphr) increased, the rheological parameters such as the smallest torque (ML), the ideal the Additionally assessed the maximum torque (MH),optimum cure time (Tc90), and scorch time (Ts2) all dropped, but the cure rate index (CR), which was rising.

Background
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by eating gluten protein, which is found in some grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, which leads to an abnormal immune response that leads to intestinal inflammation.
Materials and Methods
The presence of the two genes was investigated in 18 samples of the samples under study, as follows (6 samples of patients), (6 samples of people suspected of being infected) and (6 samples of healthy people), at a rate of 3 males and 3 females for each group, and the groups were selected based on the results of the axis tests Immunoassay, where the DNA was extracted from the samples, its concentration and purity were measured, amplification operations were performed using the PCR technique for genes, and electrophoresis was performed.
Results
The results of electrophoresis after performing amplification operations using PCR technology for the genes in question showed the presence of fluorescent bands, which indicated the presence of the genes.
Conclution
the presence of the DQB1-0201 gene in patients with celiac disease was 100%, while the presence of the gene in suspected individuals was 66.6% compared to the control sample, which showed a gene presence of 33%. As for the presence of the DQA1-0501 gene, it was The incidence of the disease was 100% in patients with celiac disease, while the incidence of the allele in persons suspected of having the disease was 66.6% compared to healthy subjects with a frequency of 83.3%.

Background
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by eating gluten protein, which is found in some grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, which leads to an abnormal immune response that leads to intestinal inflammation.
Materials and Methods
The presence of the two genes was investigated in 18 samples of the samples under study, as follows (6 samples of patients), (6 samples of people suspected of being infected) and (6 samples of healthy people), at a rate of 3 males and 3 females for each group, and the groups were selected based on the results of the axis tests Immunoassay, where the DNA was extracted from the samples, its concentration and purity were measured, amplification operations were performed using the PCR technique for genes, and electrophoresis was performed.
Results
The results of electrophoresis after performing amplification operations using PCR technology for the genes in question showed the presence of fluorescent bands, which indicated the presence of the genes.
Conclution
the presence of the DQB1-0201 gene in patients with celiac disease was 100%, while the presence of the gene in suspected individuals was 66.6% compared to the control sample, which showed a gene presence of 33%. As for the presence of the DQA1-0501 gene, it was The incidence of the disease was 100% in patients with celiac disease, while the incidence of the allele in persons suspected of having the disease was 66.6% compared to healthy subjects with a frequency of 83.3%.

Background:
Epilepsy is common neurological disease that affect people of all ages, genders, ethnic backgrounds, and cultures, regardless of their geographical location. It is also considered the second cause of neurological diseases in the world.
This study aims to study the usefulness of video electroencephalography recording in the classification of patients with epilepsy according to ictal and interictal findings supplemented with clinical history and detailed description of the event.
Materials and methods:
The study was a cross sectional study conducted in the period between September 2022 until April 2023 conducted in neurology ward/ video EEG room in Al-Sadeq teaching hospital in Al-Hillah city. It’s included 47 patients. Patients are recruited from video electroencephalographic room in neurology ward after being diagnosed to have epilepsy by experienced neurologist. The diagnosis of epilepsy by the neurologist depends on clinical history including detailed history of the ictal event by the patient, his family supported by analysis of video recording of the ictal event, imaging studies if needed and finally by ordinary electroencephalogram examination done at the hospital for 20-30 minutes. The diagnosis and classification were based on the latest reports of international league against epilepsy.
Results:
The study results showed the percent of patients who had interictal discharges through electroencephalography recording 91.48%, and 10.5% of patients had ictal state throughout recording. The classification of seizure subtype according international league against epilepsy-2017 was 11 patient classified as focal onset seizure and 36 of them had generalized onset. Also video electroencephalogram results in altering the initial classification of epilepsy in 57.45% of patients.
Conclusion:
Video electroencephalography is a powerful tool in the classification of epileptic syndromes.

Background:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding swiftly and producing a lot of data that needs to be securely stored. Although cloud computing is a useful method for storing IoT data, a lot of data is exposed to security risks and has a significant latency when it is sent from IoT devices to the cloud.
Materials and Methods:
The proposed work implements an authentication phase and encryption techniques between IoT devices and the cloud in order to address security challenges in IoT-Cloud computing systems. The client-side Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) protocol is used by the system to generate a shared secret key that is used to encrypt sensor data using the lightweight encryption method (SPECK). The encrypted data is additionally authenticated using a hashing process, guaranteeing its veracity and accuracy. On the server side, decryption processes are performed using the same encryption algorithms.
Results:
The results in the last read with data size 9198 Byte show that the system increased the Entropy value to 7.594 and the execution time will be 173 millisecond , and the Throughput is 53.16 .
Conclusion:
The obtained results of the proposed system are a good value in terms of the performance evaluation parameters such as encryption and decryption time, throughput, and entropy, which makes this algorithm more efficient and more secure.

Background:
There are numerous optoelectronic uses for semiconductor thin films II-VI. One such substance that has proven effective is cadmium telluride (CdTe).
Materials and Methods:
CdTe thin films were created by thermally vaporizing the material under a high vacuum and depositing them on glass substrates with different thicknesses (72, 80, and 88 nm) by using thermal evaporation technique.
Results:
According to the results of the XRD test, the thermally evaporated CdTe films are polycrystalline and have a cubic structure. From (AFM) is used to evaluate the morphology of the film demonstrating the good homogenous surface. From (UV) incresed of thickness of the material resulted in a concurrent increase in absorbance and a decrease in transmittance. The values of the direct energy gap calculated from the Tauc relation decreased from (3.60) to (3.42) eV with increased thickness. The surface energy loss function (SELF) and volume energy loss function (VELF) incresed when thickness incresed. The structural tests and energy gap values refer to fine particle size and the surface of the prepared films and can be candidates for optoelectronic applications.
Conclusions:
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the CdTe films exhibited a polycrystalline nature, characterized by a cubic crystal structure. A noticeable enhancement in the crystal structure was noticed as the thickness increased. The clear result of the scanning electronic microscopy is that homogeneously distributed crystal grain morphology was observed. The inference of SEM is consistent with the result of the XRD measurement.

Background:
There are numerous optoelectronic uses for semiconductor thin films II-VI. One such substance that has proven effective is cadmium telluride (CdTe).
Materials and Methods:
CdTe thin films were created by thermally vaporizing the material under a high vacuum and depositing them on glass substrates with different thicknesses (72, 80, and 88 nm) by using thermal evaporation technique.
Results:
According to the results of the XRD test, the thermally evaporated CdTe films are polycrystalline and have a cubic structure. From (AFM) is used to evaluate the morphology of the film demonstrating the good homogenous surface. From (UV) incresed of thickness of the material resulted in a concurrent increase in absorbance and a decrease in transmittance. The values of the direct energy gap calculated from the Tauc relation decreased from (3.60) to (3.42) eV with increased thickness. The surface energy loss function (SELF) and volume energy loss function (VELF) incresed when thickness incresed. The structural tests and energy gap values refer to fine particle size and the surface of the prepared films and can be candidates for optoelectronic applications.
Conclusions:
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the CdTe films exhibited a polycrystalline nature, characterized by a cubic crystal structure. A noticeable enhancement in the crystal structure was noticed as the thickness increased. The clear result of the scanning electronic microscopy is that homogeneously distributed crystal grain morphology was observed. The inference of SEM is consistent with the result of the XRD measurement.

Background:
Temperatures in tropical and subtropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere are characterized by periodic behavior. The distribution of temperature means follows a sine curve, which allows for its mathematical modeling as a function of time. Therefore, it is necessary to use experimental models of daily temperature means, this study aims to build an experimental model to calculate and estimate the daily mean in Baghdad.
Materials and Methods:
Harmonic analysis used to detect the periodic pattern of daily mean temperature. Only three components of the Fourier series can explain the distribution pattern excluding the extreme temperatures and based on a time series of means measured in Baghdad for 14610 days extending from Jan 1980 to Dec 2020 retrieved from the archives of the Meteorological and Seismic Survey Authority.
Results:
The harmonic analysis results showed a cyclic pattern with a frequency of (1.07cycle/year) approximately. Also showed that the experimental model was represented by a mathematically Fourier series of three components of sine and cosine functions leading to the calculation and estimation of daily means after adjusting the model parameters.
Conclusions:
The validity of the model was measured using RMSE, MAE, and R2, and its outputs compared to independently measured data until April 2023, thus it can be concluded that the proposed model has a practically accurate performance with a minimum acceptable error in calculating and estimating the daily means in Baghdad

Background:
Retinopathy is a major T2DM complication that still to be a worldwide cause of curable and avoidable vision loss.
Materials and Methods:
The current study protocol included study the impact of BMI on some glycemic control markers (fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin, insulin sensitivity (IS)and insulin resistance (IR)) and some oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant, capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Also, the present study included an important epigenetic parameter: the global DNA methylation.
Results:
Patients were divided into four BMI categories: (normal, overweight, obesity and over obesity), the highest percent for both patients were within obesity group. The highest levels of FBG were in obesity and morbid obesity in both retinopathy and T2DM. Highest levels of HbA1C in Morbid obesity were compared with other BMI groups in T2DM only. Insulin and IR showed a significant raise in obesity and morbid obesity in retinopathy and T2DM. IS significantly decreased in morbid obesity compared with others. Methylation analysis revealed that patients with diabetes (T2DM and retinopathy) had a significantly increase in levels of 5mC% compared healthy subjects. Also, a significant increase was recorded in retinopathy compared with T2DM. In all of the studied groups, the correlation analysis found a significant positive association between BMI and 5mC %.
Conclusion:
The positive correlation between BMI and DNA methylation can lead to adverse effects for diabetes patients, which may lead to the progression of retinopathy.

Our body's largest organ for infection defense is the skin. The skin can occasionally catch an infection. Numerous different types of microorganisms can cause skin infections, which can range in severity from minor to severe. Skin conditions are very common anywhere in the world. It also includes all age groups for both gender and also depends on genetic factors, different environmental conditions, the pathogen and bacterial resistance to antibiotics as a result of indiscriminate use and other risk factors as injury to the skin, obesity, diabetes and eczema disease. Gram-positive bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial skin infections, as well as viruses, fungi and parasites, as these pathogens penetrate the skin through holes, hair follicles, wounds or animal bites such as insects. They are recognized as an issue with public health in developing nations. Our review deals with the route of skin infection, microbial causes of skin infection, their pathogenesis, the most important symptoms of these infections and laboratory diagnosis methods.
Conclusion: Since dermatitis is not limited to one microbial type without the other and can result from the normal flora when wounds or burns occur in the skin, serious skin infections and their symptoms vary depending on the type of microbial cause and what it secretes from toxins or other virulence factors.

Background: Image fusion based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a method employed to fuse multiple images into a single composite image. This technique enhances visual quality and extracts valuable information from the input images.
Materials and Methods: The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a commonly utilized transformation technique in signal processing and image compression. It offers a means to represent an image about its frequency components.
Results: The outcome of image fusion is a composite image that fusion the input images while maintaining crucial details and extracting valuable information. Through the application of the average fusion rule to the DCT coefficients of the source images, the fused image is generated. This outcome generally enhances visual quality.
Conclusion: The fused image combined all the important information in both images. The quality of the resulting image is superior to the quality of the input images. This one image has all the relevant information and is more accurate and informative than any image from a single source.

Background:
As it is clear, bread is the main food of the majority of the plates of food component, in a way that affects the desires and desires of food and even its business and movements. For the same reason, we did a survey among civilized the people of Sulaimani, whether they eat and buy more bread and are acceptable to them (wheat or barley).
Materials and Methods:
Focusing on the basics and framework of kind the facts of descriptive statistics from some details on the quantitative and qualitative data in the applications. Frequency distributions and Charts are plotted of the results with SPSS program.
Results:
According to frequencies, at most 54% of males were aged between 20 and over from extended families prefer 1 - 2 pieces of wheat bread can have in their meals daily.
Conclusion:
The suitable practice of descriptive statistics allows economic ministry managers to additional efficiently balance and control of economics strategies and plans. Note that these result gives further information about economic future policy.

Background:
To improve the nutritional value of straw, which is available in large quantities as a byproduct of grain cultivation, the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria was used to enhance the fermentation of wheat straw silage, stimulate lactic acid production and improve Nutritional value of hay through anaerobic fermentation during silage.
Materials and Methods:
The fermented juice was prepared from wild reed with three sources of soluble carbohydrates and two levels for each source including glucose at level (1 and 2%, w/v) (A, B), cane molasses at (3 and 5%, w/v) (C, D) and date molasses at( 3 and 5%, w/v) (E, F) . According to this, Six samples of wheat straw silage prepared by adding fermented juice at a level of 1%. While distilled water was added in an amount similar to the amount of fermented juice when making the control group (G).
Results:
Results showed that addition fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria improved (P<0.01) the Dry matter content of silage samples, and improved fermentation characteristics, increase (P<0.01) was observed in the concentration of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids. Moreover, lower (P<0.01) Dry Matter losses were estimated in wheat straw silage prepared with addition of fermented juice.
Conclusions:
Addition fermented juice of lactic acid bacteria, regardless of the source and the level of soluble carbohydrates added to it, improved the fermentation quality of wheat straw silage, aerobic stability and dry matter loss.

Background:
In recent years, the increasing use of the mobile fog server application has generated excessive amounts of data of different types, such as images, documents, multimedia, and other files. The problem is difficult to manage and control the volume of data used in fog computing, and fog-server computing has problems with latency, resource allocation, and fitness.
Materials and Methods:
Meta-heuristic algorithm implementation requirements, Harris hawks efficiency criteria for application, and Hybrid algorithm : the proposed Hybrid algorithm based on the combining algorithms Harris hawks optimization algorithm, and Meta-heuristic PSO algorithm.

Results:
The proposed system results showed that the total latency of PSO is 223.629 seconds, HHO is 167.722 seconds, and decreased latency with Hybrid as 140.943 seconds. Besides, total response times are 253.019 ms, 215.066 , 170.357 for PSO, HHO, and Hybrid respectively. In addition, Average total packet loss rate is 31.131, 27.287, and 16.853 for PSO, HHO, and Hybrid respectively.
Conclusion:
The results showed that the proposed resource allocation fog-server computing system enhanced overload and computation on each server by balancing incoming wireless mobile requests among available servers as the total latency of PSO is 223.629 seconds, HHO is 167.722 seconds, and decreased latency with Hybrid as 140.943 seconds

Background:
Escherichia species, which include E. fergusonii, E. vulneris, E. hermanii, E. blattae, E. albertii, and E. coli, are members of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae.One of the most crucial components of E. coli's pathogenicity is adhesion, and the invasion process is thought to begin when the bacteria bind to uroepithelial cells. Numerous E. coli strains express type 1 fimbria (pilus), which is present in more than 95% of E. coli isolates from infections inside and outside the body. For bacteria that live in a variety of settings, including biotic and abiotic surfaces, pili function as highly effective adhesion tools. The distribution of type 1 pili on the surface of UPEC is uniform.
Materials and Methods:
For this study, (80) samples were gathered from patients with various ailments who visited hospitals in the AL margan Hilla city between July and October 2022. The samples came from individuals of both sexes and of various ages.The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 60.
Results:
18 E. coli isolates were found in this study among patients with UTI, vaginitis, and wound infections.
By employing PCR methods, the results revealed that only 14 isolates were positive for the fim H gene.
Conclusion
Most commonly, urine, vagina, and wounds can be used to isolate Escherichia coli. The fim H gene, which is important for bacterial adhesion, was present in the majority of E. coli isolates. The PCR method is used to find some sticky genes. All E. coli clinical isolates tested positive for colonization factor antigen (CFA). On CFA, epigenine had little impact.

Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a challenging and even fatal disorder that is becoming more widely known (CLS). After the initial hazy symptoms, the interesting The dual paradox of broad severe edema & hypovolemia, as well as hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia, which is a characteristic of CLS, manifests. . A poor outcome during The iatrogenic fluid surplus during the leak phase is often linked to the spontaneous resolutive phase. The main causes of CLS are malignancy, viruses, inflammatory diseases, medications (anti-tumoral therapy), and malignancy. In honor of its discoverer, the idiopathic variety is known as Clarkson's disease. A substantial, transient, and complex endothelium disruption, the mechanisms of which are now unclear, is a component of CLS' pathogenesis. Empirical and experience-based therapy consists of pharmacological treatment during the acute stage (perhaps with the addition of medication) that increase rates of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the most severe patients), for avoiding relapses with monthly administration of adaptable immunoglobulins. Due to the scattered nature of the CLS literature, we set out to gather and summarize the most recent studies on the condition in order to help in its identification, comprehension, and treatment.

Background:
Copper oxide Cu_2 O is a potential material for the fabrication of low cost solar cells for terrestrial application. It is one of the earliest semiconductor materials investigated for solar cells in the early century. Copper oxide exists in forms of Cu_2 O with a certain band gap, which is 2.3 eV at room temperature. A copper sheet has been used to create a solar cell that would use the sun's energy to produce electricity. The copper oxide is an ancient solar cell that converts sunlight into current in which a photon is turned into an electric signal, it is known as photovoltaic. Photovoltaic cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted our experiment using pure water first, followed by salt water, and compared the outcomes. The salt (Nacl) solution was added to water, the solution acts as an electrolyte. We found that salt water was a superior electrolyte after analyzing the data.
Results:
As a result, we utilized a sodium chloride (Nacl) solution as the cell's salt water electrolyte. On the other hand, differing electrolyte concentrations and light intensity were significant considerations that both demonstrated their own roles in solar cell.
Conclusion:
This project's purpose was to produce alternate solar cells made from cheap materials and easiest designed that could serve as a model for a new solar cell. It consists of Copper Oxide along with salt water (Nacl) solution.

Background:
Today blockchain and IoT technologies are being greatly used and exploited in several fields, particularly for Internet of Things healthcare. In healthcare systems, real-time sensory data can be obtained from patients and processed and analyzed by using IoT devices.
Materials and Methods:
The data that are aggregated from IoT are centrally computed, processed, and saved. Data centralization can lead to problems, potential tampering or manipulation, privacy evasion, and then failure. These serious problems can be solved by using blockchain through decentralization and IoT data storage. Therefore, blockchain and IoT technologies can be aimed to become a credible option for using IoT decentralization in healthcare systems.
This paper, firstly, introduces a brief explanation of blockchain. Secondly, it discusses the usage of blockchain of common consensus algorithms in the environment of health. Finally, the extent of the use of blockchain to support healthcare sector ecosystems and services. This paper explained the architecture of IoMT which is used for accessing, managing, and storing the data of healthcare.
Results:
Presenting a survey about studies and research that face the challenges of the Internet of Things and healthcare, and proposed solutions to save data from tampering.
Conclusion:
With the stringent protection standards in the healthcare industry, many studies have centered on the usage of blockchain in IoMT Stuff. The successful implementation of the IoMT, demands a lot of personalized, patient-centric treatment Internet of Medical Things that enhance affordability (reduced operating costs, cost-effective care), enhanced life quality, simplicity and ease of use.

Background:
Today blockchain and IoT technologies are being greatly used and exploited in several fields, particularly for Internet of Things healthcare. In healthcare systems, real-time sensory data can be obtained from patients and processed and analyzed by using IoT devices.
Materials and Methods:
The data that are aggregated from IoT are centrally computed, processed, and saved. Data centralization can lead to problems, potential tampering or manipulation, privacy evasion, and then failure. These serious problems can be solved by using blockchain through decentralization and IoT data storage. Therefore, blockchain and IoT technologies can be aimed to become a credible option for using IoT decentralization in healthcare systems.
This paper, firstly, introduces a brief explanation of blockchain. Secondly, it discusses the usage of blockchain of common consensus algorithms in the environment of health. Finally, the extent of the use of blockchain to support healthcare sector ecosystems and services. This paper explained the architecture of IoMT which is used for accessing, managing, and storing the data of healthcare.
Results:
Presenting a survey about studies and research that face the challenges of the Internet of Things and healthcare, and proposed solutions to save data from tampering.
Conclusion:
With the stringent protection standards in the healthcare industry, many studies have centered on the usage of blockchain in IoMT Stuff. The successful implementation of the IoMT, demands a lot of personalized, patient-centric treatment Internet of Medical Things that enhance affordability (reduced operating costs, cost-effective care), enhanced life quality, simplicity and ease of use.

Background:
Today blockchain and IoT technologies are being greatly used and exploited in several fields, particularly for Internet of Things healthcare. In healthcare systems, real-time sensory data can be obtained from patients and processed and analyzed by using IoT devices.
Materials and Methods:
The data that are aggregated from IoT are centrally computed, processed, and saved. Data centralization can lead to problems, potential tampering or manipulation, privacy evasion, and then failure. These serious problems can be solved by using blockchain through decentralization and IoT data storage. Therefore, blockchain and IoT technologies can be aimed to become a credible option for using IoT decentralization in healthcare systems.
This paper, firstly, introduces a brief explanation of blockchain. Secondly, it discusses the usage of blockchain of common consensus algorithms in the environment of health. Finally, the extent of the use of blockchain to support healthcare sector ecosystems and services. This paper explained the architecture of IoMT which is used for accessing, managing, and storing the data of healthcare.
Results:
Presenting a survey about studies and research that face the challenges of the Internet of Things and healthcare, and proposed solutions to save data from tampering.
Conclusion:
With the stringent protection standards in the healthcare industry, many studies have centered on the usage of blockchain in IoMT Stuff. The successful implementation of the IoMT, demands a lot of personalized, patient-centric treatment Internet of Medical Things that enhance affordability (reduced operating costs, cost-effective care), enhanced life quality, simplicity and ease of use.

Background:
Today blockchain and IoT technologies are being greatly used and exploited in several fields, particularly for Internet of Things healthcare. In healthcare systems, real-time sensory data can be obtained from patients and processed and analyzed by using IoT devices.
Materials and Methods:
The data that are aggregated from IoT are centrally computed, processed, and saved. Data centralization can lead to problems, potential tampering or manipulation, privacy evasion, and then failure. These serious problems can be solved by using blockchain through decentralization and IoT data storage. Therefore, blockchain and IoT technologies can be aimed to become a credible option for using IoT decentralization in healthcare systems.
This paper, firstly, introduces a brief explanation of blockchain. Secondly, it discusses the usage of blockchain of common consensus algorithms in the environment of health. Finally, the extent of the use of blockchain to support healthcare sector ecosystems and services. This paper explained the architecture of IoMT which is used for accessing, managing, and storing the data of healthcare.
Results:
Presenting a survey about studies and research that face the challenges of the Internet of Things and healthcare, and proposed solutions to save data from tampering.
Conclusion:
With the stringent protection standards in the healthcare industry, many studies have centered on the usage of blockchain in IoMT Stuff. The successful implementation of the IoMT, demands a lot of personalized, patient-centric treatment Internet of Medical Things that enhance affordability (reduced operating costs, cost-effective care), enhanced life quality, simplicity and ease of use.

Background
Biosynthesis of nanoparticle mediated pigments has been widely used as an antimicrobial agent against microorganisms. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by using pyocyanin from locally isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, then characterized and utilized as antimicrobial activity against microorganisms.The goal of this study was to introduce a modified ZnO nanoparticles biosynthesized technique by pyocyanin pigment, which is safer, more efficient, and less expensive.
Materials and Methods
Luria Bertani broth was inoculated with the organism and kept at room temperature for 120 hours to get the highest production of pigment, chloroform was added to the culture broth at a 2:1 ratio, and a blue layer formed. The blue layer was collected in a dark glass bottle to prevent oxidation and directly used instead of drying the extract.
Results
The suggested technique is simple to use, requires no special laboratory equipment, and yields a good amount of pure pigment with a maximum spectral peak of 320 nm. The zinc oxid nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were characterized with Uv-VIS revealing a peak with maximum absorbance at 360 nm and Atomic Force Microscopy that indicated the average size 42.74 nm, as well as using FE-SEM and FTIR.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated a straight forward but efficient approach for biosynthesizing nanopatricles. By employing chloroform containing pyocyanin and simple processes based on biological methods, in which pyocyanin act as reducing agent and stabilizing mediator in the formation of nanostructured, so the nanoparticles were created in their purest form

Background:
The process of groundwater recharge is considered as one of the most important processes for the management of water resources, both surface and groundwater.
Materials and Methods:
The current study uses the application of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model in geospatial analysis to delineate potential areas for groundwater recharge. The foundations of this model were laid by Saaty. The analytical method was used to calculate the natural weight of the factors individually, according to the size of the groundwater recharge potential. Each factor within the GIS environment was reclassified according to the AHP technique.
Results:
The results show that in large regions of the study area, about 38.7% have poor to very poor recharge potential, 29.3% of the area is moderate, 19.5% of the area has good recharge potential, and the remaining area (12.3%) has very good potential for groundwater recharge. The soil factor showed that it was the most influential factor in the delineation of groundwater recharge areas for the study area.
Conclusion:
The potential zones of very good and good groundwater occupy 312.67 and 495.70 km2, respectively, which are 12.3% and 19.5% of the study area. It appears from the map of groundwater potential zones that the areas of good and very good recharge are mostly prominent in the sedimentary plains with low slopes and high drainage density. Also, a small part of it appears in the mountainous areas, which represent the main recharge areas for the falling rainwater.

Background:
The process of groundwater recharge is considered as one of the most important processes for the management of water resources, both surface and groundwater.
Materials and Methods:
The current study uses the application of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model in geospatial analysis to delineate potential areas for groundwater recharge. The foundations of this model were laid by Saaty. The analytical method was used to calculate the natural weight of the factors individually, according to the size of the groundwater recharge potential. Each factor within the GIS environment was reclassified according to the AHP technique.
Results:
The results show that in large regions of the study area, about 38.7% have poor to very poor recharge potential, 29.3% of the area is moderate, 19.5% of the area has good recharge potential, and the remaining area (12.3%) has very good potential for groundwater recharge. The soil factor showed that it was the most influential factor in the delineation of groundwater recharge areas for the study area.
Conclusion:
The potential zones of very good and good groundwater occupy 312.67 and 495.70 km2, respectively, which are 12.3% and 19.5% of the study area. It appears from the map of groundwater potential zones that the areas of good and very good recharge are mostly prominent in the sedimentary plains with low slopes and high drainage density. Also, a small part of it appears in the mountainous areas, which represent the main recharge areas for the falling rainwater.

Background:
Type of turbulent isobaric surfaces in the geostrophic state of the environment. It has been proven that depending on the index of high air temperature at the equator in the geological state of the air, the isobaric surface has the state of an oblate or elongated geoid.
Materials and Methods:
As you know, the geostrophic state plays an extremely important role in the dynamics of the atmosphere. Analysis of the estimates of the quantities included in the equation of atmospheric dynamics (scale analysis) makes it possible to write the following expressions for the projections of the velocity of the geostrophic wind.
Results:
As a result, we get the accompanying image. When the temperature rise at the equator is positive, the isobaric surface is in the state of an elongated geoid, and the warm air moves clockwise in advection to the column, where there is a greatest adduct and the breeze velocity at the column is limited.
Conclusion:
Thus, from the above analysis of the geostrophic state of the atmosphere, it follows that the following situations are possible at the pole in the geostrophic state. The first situation: the isobaric surface at the pole has the shape of an oblate geoid, the pressure decreases in comparison with the static state - a global isobaric minimum takes place. The second situation: the isobaric surface has the shape of an elongated geoid, the pressure at the pole increases in comparison with the static state - a global maximum takes place.

Background:
Recurrent miscarriage is a medical condition characterized by two or more spontaneous abortions, which can be precipitated by various factors. The etiology of RM is complex and involves a wide range of intricate factors, primarily including genetic predisposition, immunological abnormalities, structural abnormalities, endocrinological dysregulation, and infectious agents. However, despite extensive scientific inquiry, the etiology of recurrent miscarriage remains elusive in roughly half of cases. Among the potential causative agents for fetal well-being threats, viral infections are the most prevalent cause of congenital infections. Evidence suggests that Cytomegalovirus infections may contribute to pregnancy loss in women. Blood type has also been linked to a host of diseases, serving as receptors or co-receptors for pathogens and promoting the uptake of viral particles into cells. Therefore, comprehending the role of these factors in recurrent miscarriage is essential for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies for this condition.
Materials and Methods: In the period spanning from September 2022 to January 2023, 64 women who had experienced recurrent miscarriages were selected for blood sample collection. Sera were separated to diagnose CMV-IgG by Chemiluminescence immunoassay. Additionally, the ABO blood group was detected in the patients.
Results: Nearly 78.1% of participants were positive for anti CMV-IgG, with the highest percentage of infection found in the age group of 26 to 35 years and individuals with blood group (O+) being more susceptible to infection.
Conclusion: Blood group O acts as risk factor for recurrent miscarriages caused by CMV infection.

Background: The chance of camel thistle squander as eco-accommodating, accessible, and monetary adsorbent for adsorption methylene blue color from its watery arrangement was analyzed by utilizing clump and section framework. All experiments of the batch were achieving with modification camel thorn waste dye concentration 50 mg/L, pH6.5, Temp 25 oC.
Materials and Methods: Camel thorn (CT) waste were collected from AL-Mahaweel region, this region situated in Babylon city/Iraq. The waste were direct washed with running water tap to release all impurities, and rinsed with distilled water for 4 times, after then it dried under sunlight, and then in oven under 50 oC for two hours. The dried (CT) waste were ground and sieved BSS-60 mesh size particle
Results: Methylene Blue(MB) dye was examined to remove from the aqueous solution by adsorption on the camel thorn waste added to the acidic adsorbent modification, thermal adsorbent modification on the decolonization dye efficiency was studies were investigated with the similar working condition contact time (2-90 min).
Conclusion: The current discoveries created the impression that the that normal adsorbent, camel thistle squander is altogether appropriate for the depolarization of methylene blue color from its watery arrangement. The outcomes show that the balance isotherm for the two modules that utilized in this work are of good kind, for being curved vertical

The metabolism, biological and physiological processes in normal cells require keeping the blood pH within narrow limits (7.35 - 7.45). Blood acidosis is expressed as an increase in the concentration of acids in the blood or a decrease in the concentration of alkaline substances, which leads to a decrease in the blood PH from the ideal value (slight basal 7.35 - 7.45) and its conversion to acid values less than PH 7. In which the acidity intensity increases The lower the pH value is less than PH, which lead to acids accumulate in the blood or by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, which results from poor functions Lung or respiratory acidosis. Blood acidity is the main and primary factor for all diseases. To get rid off the negative effects of acidic foods, you should eat a lot of alkaline foods, vegetables and fruits. Eating them helps to provide the body with vitamins and minerals essential for health, which are used as buffers against acid-forming foods.