MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

One hundred Thirty two canals from 66 mesial roots of extracted human
mandibular molars were instrumented with Protaper and K-file crown-down technique and divided into two groups. The group I was obturated with Thermafil technique and group II was obturated with lateral condensation technique. Topseal sealer was used in both groups. Apical extrusion, apical microleakage, time for instrumentation and time for obturation were recorded in each sub group. Six molars were used as control teeth. All specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 1 week, coated with nail polish, except for the apical 2mm, and were suspended in methylene blue dye for 72h.
Linear dye leakage was statistically different (ANOVA) test, while apical extrusion between techniques was not statistically different (Chi-square test).

Background: This study investigated the influence of light energy density (intensity
x time) on the effectiveness of composite cure in view of the curing profiles of lightpolymerization
units with different light- activated composites to determine the
energy density that satisfies adequate polymerization of all light-activated
composites types used in this study.
Materials and methods: This study investigated the hardness of the top/bottom
surfaces and hardness ratio of 2-mm thick composite specimens after exposure to
different light energy densities. Parameters included five light intensities (200, 300,
400, 500 and 600 mW/cm2) and seven curing times (20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150 and
180 seconds) for each of the four different light-activated composite materials
(Tetric Ceram, Heliomolar, Herculite XRV and Degufill Mineral).
Results: Statistical analysis of the data by using the one-way analysis of variance
revealed that, most of the hardness ratios exhibited a very highly significant
difference according to intensity, composite type and curing time. The results
indicated that, Heliomolar and Degufill Mineral light-activated composites required approximately (36 J/cm²) energy density for adequate polymerization for a 2-mm thick specimen while, Herculite XRV and Tertric Ceram light-activated composites required approximately (12 J/cm²) energy density for adequate polymerization for a 2-mm thick specimen.
Conclusion: This study indicated that, final curing should not be done with energy density less than (300 mW/cm2 for 120 seconds, 400 mW/cm2 for 90 seconds and 600 mW/cm2 for 60 seconds) for Heliomolar and Degufill Mineral light-activated composites.

A 21 year old female referred with a symptomatic maxillary left lateral incisor which previous root canal treatment radiographs from different angulations had revealed a second cabal which has been missed during previous treatment. The extra canal was located and obdurate in the proper way

Aim: Film digitization is generally used to prevent potential damage or loss of
original films. The method of film processing has been changing from wet to dry processing due to recent trends toward digitization of medical imaging.
Materials & Methods: 50 Lateral cephalometric radiograms were used in this study.
All radiographs were viewed under standardized conditions& traced. Eleven landmarks were selected to calculate 12 variables (9 angles&3 linear measurements).
These traced radiographs were photographed when digitized using scan jet scanner & the same variables were measured using Dimaxis pro classic imaging software.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between traditional &digitized Linear & angular measurements except for upper incisor-Frankfort plane angle & upper incisor-lower incisor angle.
Conclusion: Angular & linear measurements in digital images were comparable with that of original radiograph & are clinically acceptable. This will substantiate the benefits of digitized cephalometry in term of reliability of cephalometric analysis.

Preoperative prophylactic protocol in oral surgery is well established practice; still
it’s not used in Iraqi surgical centers. The aim of this study is to show that
preoperative protocol is reliable surgical practice.
58 patients, selected from the attendant of oral surgery clinic in Alkarama
specialized dentistry center/Baghdad, were subjected to various oral surgical procedures 59 operations under local anesthesia. These patient were given single dose antibiotic prophylaxis preoperatively after we divide them into 3 groups, 1st group were given 1 gm amoxicillin (control group),second group were given 1 million i.u. of procaine penicillin; 3rd group were given 500 mg ampicillin vial,. The maximum time for all procedures was 2 hours.
We concluded that preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be used safely in out patient’s oral surgical procedures, on Iraqi patient with minimum complications.

The present study evaluates crestal bone loss around dental implants
(retrospectively and prospectively) and determines the prognosis of dental implant through bone level estimation. Bone level was measured around 354 implants in 88 patients retrospectively and 97 implants in 31 patients prospectively, digital panoramic radiograph were taken during recall appointments, and analysis with acomputer software associated method to measure the actual bone loss in mesial and
distal side of the implant during these periods.
Over all, the studied implants, experienced most of its crestal bone loss during the preloading period, followed by dramatic decrease in bone loss rate through the subsequent study intervals. The result of the present study showed that there is significant positive correlation between crestal bone loss and age, female showed significantly higher amount of bone loss than male in stage-1, while the apposite figure found in stage-2. Data analysis during preloading time indicates significant bone loss with implant location, while highly significant bone loss had been detected with maxillary arch, fine trabecular bone density, immediate implant, complete edentulous cases, While implant length, implant diameter and implant stability had a non significant effects on crestal bone loss.

Denture related stomatitis is an inflammatory process that mainly involves the palatal mucosa when it is covered by complete or partial dentures; it appears frequent among denture wearer and varies widely. Fifty patients were examined in this study,
66% of them had denture stomatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of
denture stomatitis in denture wearers' patients, and to know the relation between
denture age, denture hygiene, and denture cleansing with denture stomatitis.
Results of the present study showed that poor denture hygiene was associated with
high percentage of denture stomatitis.
Also low percent of denture stomatitis appeared in the denture wearers of 3-4 times/ day denture cleansing.
The percentage of reduction in the prevalence of denture stomatitis was clear in newly or less years wearing dentures.

Abstract: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by complete
destruction of β-cells, this result in little or no production of insulin & /or Cpeptide
which is a portion of insulin & is released in amounts equal to the insulin.
C-peptide level can indicate how much insulin is being produced by the pancreas.
Patients & Materials: Fifty six diabetic patients were enrolled in this study (15IDDM & 41 NIDDM). C-peptide levels in serum & saliva were estimated using Radio-immuno assay (RIA) method, with measuring serum FBS in both groups.
Results: The serum & salivary levels of C-peptide as well as serum FBS levels were markedly higher in NIDDM than in IDDM with a significant negative correlation between salivary C-peptide & FBS in IDDM group.
Conclusion: Salivary C-peptide level estimation can be used as an adjunct to serum FBS to measure the amount of insulin produced by β-cells, as well as to measure the response of insulin therapy in IDDM.

Background: Different methods are being used in prosthodontics for determining
occlusal vertical dimension. In this study the mucolabial reflection was used as a
guide to measure the vertical distance of the maxillary and mandibular central
incisors to the vestibules.
Materials and Methods: A total sample of 45 subjects was studied that include (25 female and 20 male). Impression of the maxillary and mandibular arch was made with perforated tray using alginate impression material. Stone casts were made and the distance from the center of the incisal edge for maxillary and mandibular central incisors to the depth of the mucolabial reflection was measured. Also the distance from the depth of the maxillary to mandibular reflection with cast in centric occlusion was measured. The measurements were recorded by the use of adivider and boley gauge to the nearest 0.1 mm.
Results: The mean distance from the incisal edge of maxillary central incisors to the mucolabial reflection was 21.1 mm for females and 21.8 mm for males while the mean distance from the mandibular central incisors to the mucolabial reflection was 16.6 mm for females and 16.9 mm for males. Also the mean distance from the depth of the maxillary to the Mandibular mucolabial reflections was 34.9 mm for females and 35.3 mm for males. No statistical significant differences were found between male and female measurements.
Conclusion: The mucolabial reflection provides a good starting point for establishing a tentative occlusal vertical dimension. Also could help for a preliminary arrangement of teeth.

This cross-sectional investigation was designed to establish the prevalence of
caries and edentulous areas as well as the need and demand for prosthodontic
treatment among the 4th year students in Dentistry, Education and Engineering
colleges.
A sample composed of 237 subjects, (82) students from Dentistry college, 75
students from Education college and 80 students from Engineering college.
The result showed a high percentage of students with carious teeth reported in
Education group, the majority of missing teeth ranged between 1-3 teeth among
students in 3 college groups, a higher percentage of students in 3 colleges did not
consider that replacement of teeth was aesthetically and functionally important.
Cl III represented most frequent condition in both upper and lower arches in all college groups and in both sexes. Cl I and Cl II were rare and found only in Education group.

The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of dental study on oral
health behavior, oral hygiene and gingival health status of dental student as they graduated in their study. The sample was consist of 150 dental students, all of them were healthy and of comparable ages. They were chosen on a random basis and allocated into five groups according to their level of study. They were clinically examined for GI & PLI and filled a questionnaires specially designed for this study.
Results of this research indicates an acceptable improvement in all parameters that
have been used and the positive effect of dental health education had been proved again, but continuous renewal of the dental health education curricula is still mandatory.

Aims This retrospective cephalometric study was designed to evaluate and correlate
the hyoid bone position and angulations in two groups of subjects exhibiting vertical and horizontal mandibular rotation.
Material & method: Each group consisted of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) with skeletal class I pattern. Cephalometric data were obtained and four measurements were used to locate the hyoid bone in 3 aspects 1. Vertical, 2. Horizontal and 3. Angular. Thirteen angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate mandibular rotation and facial morphology.
Result: There were statistically significant differences in vertical position, horizontal distances and angulations of hyoid bone measurements between the vertical and
horizontal group subject (P<0.05). These measurements were significantly
correlated with mandibular rotation angles.
Conclusion: In vertical mandibular rotation group subjects, the hyoid bone showed to be more inferior and posterior position with downward inclination. While in horizontal mandibular rotation group subjects, the hyoid bone was more superior and anterior position with relatively upward angulations.

Aims of the study: This study is designed to evaluate some of the dental and skeletal
dimensions of individuals with normal and excessive lower anterior facial height
and to establish the effect of these two groups (normal and excessive lower anterior
facial height) on dento-facial structures for Iraqi adult sample at 18-25 years of age
with skeletal and dental CL I occlusion.
Material and Method: The sample consisted of (80) previously taken lateral
cephalometric radiographs (40 males and 40 females).The sample was divided into two groups (normal lower anterior facial height group and excessive lower anterior facial height group) each of them composed of 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females)
Results: The results showed that all linear measurements were significantly larger in
males than females in two groups. No significant differences in most of dentoskeletal dimensions were found between the two groups. Highly significant differences for lower anterior dental height (LADH) and upper posterior dental height (UPDH) were found between the two groups.
Conclusion: Four anatomical parts were responsible for the variation of the lower anterior facial height upper anterior dental height (UADH) , lower anterior dental height (LADH) , upper posterior dental height (UPDH) and the inclination of the mandibular plane in relation to the anterior cranial base (SN-MP angle).

The most dramatic increase in dental decay is thought to have occurred during the last part of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the caries experience and pattern in primary and permanent teeth in alongitudinal study. Dental caries of 166 kindergarten children of 4-5 years old was
recorded. Only 122 of the children were re-examined when their ages became 10-11.
The third examination of 118 children was done when their ages became 13-14.
Dental caries registration was done following the criteria of WHO (1987). Dental prevalence was increased by age reaching 94.9 percent at 13-14 years old. No sex differences were observed among the three examinations except in DMFT. The DMFT incidence after 6 years was 4.3 and after 3 years was 1.8, while DMFS incidence was 6.4 and 2.2 respectively. The D/d component was the highest mean value. Although dental caries was significantly higher in posterior than in anterior teeth, there were no jaw differences. Occlusal and proximal surfaces were the predominate surfaces affected among permanent and primary teeth respectively.
Coinciding with the incline in caries experience observed among children, changes in the distribution and progression rate of the disease have been found.