Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Periodontitis is an inflammatory lesion mediated by host
bacterial interactions which results in a non-resolving
inflammation that leads to local connective tissue attachment loss
from the tooth surface, loss of alveolar bone and ultimately tooth
loss Indeed, periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss
in the western world and developing countries. The aims of this
study was to estimate the relationships between periodontal
disease and predisposing factors. One hundred eighty samples
(paper point inserted into periodontal pocket) were examined in
the present study . Patients were of both sexes(140 males and 40
females).Their ages ranged from 16-69 years old. Clinical
measurements of periodontal parameters used included dental
plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket
depth and clinical attachment loss . The results showed that
periodontal disease was the most common in age group 20-29
years old and only a case reported with periodontal disease in 65
years old patients. According to sex distribution of patients,
periodontal disease was mostly found in males than females. The
periodontitis was more common in non-educated,treated ,smoking
patients they living in rural area than educated,non treated ,non
smoking patients . they living in urban area.The most common
anaerobic periodontal bacteria isolated from patients were
peptostreptococcus prevotii which represented 15(8.3%) isolates,
while prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens,
Bifidobacterium
sp.,
Fusibacterium
mortiferum
peptostreptococcus tetradius ,and Wolinella sp. represented only 1
(0.5%) of anaerobic isolates .Also another anaerobic subgingival
bacteria
isolated from inflamed sites in patients were
fusibacterium varium, vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis,
capnocytophaga
sp.,
peptostreptococcus
niger,peptostreptococcus
saccharolyticus,
peptostreptococcus
micros,
magnus,
peptostreptococcus
anaerobius,
streptococcus
morbillorum.
consellatus,
staphylococcus
and
gemella

Foreign body can be defined as any matter that created out of
scope of the body but inter the body due to injury, Plain
radiograph, computed tomography scan ,magnetic resonance
imaging and ultrasonography could be used to assess and localize
the foreign body, In this case report we will explain a case of
foreign body established in the maxillary sinus and how CT scan
was useful in determine the position of this foreign body, the
surgeon reported that computed tomography scan was useful in
such cases, so it can be concluded that computed tomography scan
can assess the size and shape of the precisely and can give the
exact position of foreign body but the patient receive higher dose
of radiation rather than the dose has been received from dental
panoramic tomography.

Introduction The third molars are the most frequently impacted
teeth in the human oral cavity .The unerupted teeth are not, in
themselves, pathological lesion but may induce pathology.
Impaction can be present in different patterns and levels. Decision
of removal or retention of impacted tooth is a matter of debate .
Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence
of impaction, angular position of impacted wisdom , level of
impaction, agenesis and the indications for extraction. Materials
and Methods A sample of 880 patients( 498 males and 382
females ) with age range between 18 to 40 years old with the
mean of 28.8 . The study took place in the hospital of surgical
specialization in which all patients were evaluated clinically and
radiographically by OPG . Of 880 patients 411pstients showed
impaction of at least one tooth (table 3) .The total number of
impacted teeth in the sample were 1100 and 57 missing teeth
(table 4). Result Among 880 patients , 411 (46.7%) patients
showed impaction of at least one tooth , the total number of
impaction was 1100 wisdom teeth . of which 428 ( 38.9%) were in
the maxilla and 672 (61.09%) were in the mandible. The most
prevalent angular position was vertical angular (59.81%) followed
by mesioangular (18.45%). Concerning level of impaction , Level
C was the most prevalent in maxilla and mandible . Agenesis of
third molar was seen in 57 teeth (1.61%). Of 1100 impacted third
molar ,663 were subjected to surgical removal .The most common
reasons ”indications” for patient referral to our surgical
department were orthodontic reasons followed by pericoronitis,
while the lowest was fracture mandible. Conclusion impaction
pattern , the mandibular impaction is more prevalent than maxilla
with vertical impaction is the commonest followed by
mesioangular impaction while the inverted impaction is negligible.
Level C impaction is the most common in both maxilla and
mandible. Concerning the indication for extraction , the most
common indication was orthodontic followed by pericoronits ,
caries with the lowest prevalent were mandibular fracture and
lesions even when the lesion represent the absolute indication for
extraction. Oral surgeon should build his decision to extract or not
extract third molars on the most canonical scientific guidelines and
what is best for each individual case.

Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the
effect of partial ferrule locations on the fracture resistance of
endodontically treated maxillary canines restored with complete
crowns. Material and Methods. Fifty extracted maxillary canines
were sectioned 18 mm from their apices, endodontically treated,
and divided into 5 groups of 10 teeth each. All groups were
prepared with full shoulder crown preparations. the first group
having axial wall heights of 2 mm around the preparation
circumferences, the axial walls were circumferential, 360 degrees
around the preparations (Complete group), the second, third, and
forth groups the axial walls were continuous for 180 degrees (one
half of the axial tooth structure) of Palatal, Labial, and Proximal
groups, and the fifth group all axial tooth structure was sectioned
to the level of the preparation shoulder (Level group). All prepared
teeth were then restored with quartz fiber posts (RTD), composite
resin (Multicore) cores, and complete metal crowns. The fracture
resistance was measured in a universal testing machine at 135
degrees to the long axis of the tooth until failure. Data were
analyzed by ANOVA and then by Least Significance Difference
test (LSD). The mode of failure was determined by visual
inspection of all specimens. Results. Significant differences
(P<0.05) were found among the mean fracture loads of the test
groups, and was 803.7 N, 747.7N, 347.3 N, 386.6 N, and 186.7N
for the Complete, Palatal, Labial, Proximal, and Level groups,
respectively. When the mode of failure was evaluated, all failure
was an oblique palatal to facial root fracture for the groups with
remaining coronal tooth structure. In the Level group, post
debonding was the predominant mode of failure. Conclusion. The
palatal axial wall was more effective than the labial or proximal
axial wall in providing fracture resistance to force applied to the
palatal aspect in endodontically treated teeth.

Problem Denture base dimensional changes were found with
commercial theremocured acrylic resins. The dimensional stability
of acrylic resin denture base is the main necessity effects the
retention and stability of the denture. This study was conducted to
measure the dimensional accuracy of experimental prepared
material in comparison with control material before and after
thermo cycling cured by water bath and microwave. In this stady
the total (40) specimens of heat cure acrylic resin lower denture
base were cured by water bath and microwave after addition poly
vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). (Experimental). Preparation of modified
heat cured denture base acrylic resin was carried out by preparing
of (PMMA) (80%) and poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (20%) and
the liquid part composed of methyl methacrylate (MMA)
monomer. Evaluation was made by measuring dimensional
stability and accuracy. Distances were measured between (3)
points marked on denture bases \"AB, AC and BC\" before and after
thermo cycling for both control and experimental groups. The
result of this study showed that there was no significant
differences (p>0.05) between control and experimental groups at
three point \"AB, AC and BC\" before and after thremocycling.
Dimensional stability and accuracy was not influenced by addition
of PVP to acrylic denture base resin before and after thermo
cycling in both heat and microwave treatment.

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between
hyperbilirubinaemia and dental abnormalities (D.A). Group of
patients composed of 52 patient, and control group composed of
35 healthy child. This study was conducted on children that ages
between (6-12 yeas). The markers measured in this study were
total serum bilirubin (TSB) (conjugatedand unconjugated), alanine
amino-transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT),
calcium (Ca), and vitamin D.
This study show a significant decrease (P<0.05) in levels of serum
calcium and viamin D, a significant increase (P<0.05) in levels of
serum ALT and GGT in patients as compared with healthy
persons,
and also these changes proportional with
hyperbilirubinaemia due to conjugatedtype increase (normal
unconjugated type), also dental abnormalitiesproportional with
these changes.
Bilirubin is a byproduct of heme
catabolism from aged redblood cells.
Bilirubin is primarilyproduced in the liver,
spleen, and bonemarrow. Total bilirubin is
the
sum ofunconjugated bilirubin,
monoglucuronide
and
conjugated
bilirubin,
bounddelta bilirubin(1).
Alanine
transaminase
diglucuronide,
and
albumin
(ALT) is
acytosolic enzyme which is specific for
liver function examination.ALT is found
in large amounts in the liver, and small
amounts of this enzyme are also found in
the heart, muscle, and kidney. Gamma
glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a cell
surfaceprotein
contributing
extracellular
(GSH(.
catabolismof
to
the
glutathione
(1) Lec., Tikrit University, College of dentistry,
Basic Scinece/ Microbiology Department.
The enzyme is produced inmany tissues,
but most GGT in serum is derived from
theliver(2,3).

Caries is an infectious disease that is induced by the diet.
Despite its decline in all age group on a worldwide basis, it is still
a serious public health problem in children and its control should
be a priority. It has demonstrated that dental caries can gradual
reduce children\'s weight gain, which may be reversed after
complete oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to
investigate the association between age-specific body mass index
(BMI-for-age) and dental caries among school children 7-12 years
in Tikrit city.
Material and method: A random sample of 390 school going
healthy children aged 7-12 years were selected from different
schools located in the Tikrit city. Height and weight for each child
was recorded to obtain BMI-for- age. Dental caries was recorded
(dmft, dmfs, DMFT and DMFS) according to WHO criteria. The
data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.
The results showed that the underweight children were more likely
to have caries experience than normal and overweight children for
primary dentition (dmft 6.75 ± 0.56 and dmfs 17.21± 1.37) and for
permanent dentition (DMFT 4.00 ± 0.58 and DMFS 6.48 ±1.23)
with statistically no significant differences between the three
groups.

Oral flora responsible for periodontal disease is polymorphic.
The periodontal infection results either from the penetration of
pathogenic microorganisms in the tissues, or even the activation of
already existing germs, but not pathogenic under normal
conditions. The aims of this study was carried out to evaluate
selected bacterial agents causing periodontitis. One hundred eighty
samples were examined in the present study. Clinical
measurements of periodontal parameters used included dental
plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket
depth and clinical attachment loss. The results of periodontitis
were the most common anaerobic periodontal bacteria isolated
from patients were peptostreptococcus prevotii which represented
15(8.3%) isolates, while prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani,
prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum
peptostreptococcus tetradius, and Wolinella sp. represented only 1
(0.5%) isolates.Also another anaerobic subgingival bacteria
isolated from inflamed sites in patients were fusibacterium varium
,vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis, capnocytophaga sp.
,peptostreptococcus
magnus,
peptostreptococcus
peptostreptococcus
niger,peptostreptococcus
micros,
anaerobius,
staphylococcus saccharolyticus, streptococcus consellatus, and
gemella morbillorum. Concerning to the results of this study the
researcher
concludes peptostreptococcus prevotii, prevotella
intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium
sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum peptostreptococcus tetradius, and
Wolinella sp. fusibacterium varium ,vellionella sp., campylobacter
gracilis,
capnocytophaga sp. ,peptostreptococcus magnus,
peptostreptococcus
micros,
niger,peptostreptococcus
saccharolyticus,
anaerobius,
streptococcus
peptostreptococcus
staphylococcus
consellatus,
and
gemella
morbillorum were the most common anaerobic periodontal
pathogens isolated from patients in the present study.

This article reports a mild case of Treacher Collins syndrome
(TCS) in a ten years old child coming to the dental clinic in Ibb
University from a distant rural area in Yemen. We described
thoroughly the signs & symptoms of the case and proposed a
treatment plane that we aimed to be followed .The purpose of this
paper is to give informations about this malady because they are
absent in medical literatures of this country and to bring medical
staff attention to this rare condition.

The palatine rugae are irregular fibrous connective tissue
ridges located in the anterior third of hard palate that extends
bilaterally from the midline behind the incisive papilla. Rugae
patterns play a role as positive identification of individuals in
suspected cases in forensic dentistry. The aim of the present study
is to identify and compare the rugae pattern in a sample of Iraqi
population. Materials and method: 120 samples of maxillary casts
were selected for 60 males and 60 females their ages ranging
between (22-35) years old by using Thomas & Kotze classification
for assessment rugae patterns. As a result of this study shows that
rugae patterns has a unique individual imprint, differ in the
number, symmetry between right and left sides, shape of rugae
lines for each person with no significant differences for both
sexes. This work conclude that rugae patterns can be used as
additional method for identification as a personal print, and
considered a characteristic to discriminate between individuals.