AL- Mouhaqiq Al-Hilly Journal for legal and political science

Law No. 14 of 2018 for the rehabilitation of prisoners and young inmate, published in Iraqi Legalization Journal a No. (4499 as of July 16, 2018(.
The law included (66) Articles, some of which were subdivided into more than one article, and those articles included fifteen chapters as follows:
1. Objectives and validity (Articles 1-4).
2. Authority and responsibilities (Article 5).
3. Appointment of keepers (Articles 6-7).
4. The affairs of prisoners, young inmate and defendant (Articles 8-10).
5. health care services of prisoners, young inmate and defendant (Articles 11-16).
6. Education of prisoners and young inmate (Articles 17-19).
7. Employment of prisoners and young inmate (Articles 20-25).
8. Visiting of prisoners, young inmate and defendant (Articles 26-29).
9. Home leave (Articles 30-33).
10. Other rights of prisoners and young inmate (Articles 37-34).
11. Discipline of prisoners and young inmate (Articles 38-44).
12. Inspection (Articles 45-47).
13. Financial Resources (Articles 48-49).
14. Provisions (Article 50).
15. General and Final Provisions (Articles 51-66).
Through a careful reading of these articles and their sub articles, some observations were recorded, reaching (56) notes, and the importance and usefulness of this research is evident when the decision-makers (Council of Representatives of Iraq) and (the Ministry of Justice) acquaint themselves with these notes and their alternatives may be made on it some amendments that are appropriate and alternatives to those notes that will be more useful to the prisoners, young inmate and defendant, and of course that will be after its publication by sending a copy of the research to the two above

Securities play a prominent role on the economic side in the domestic and international markets, and therefore they have become vulnerable to development in proportion to the development of commercial operations, and among the developments that occurred in dealing in securities, the creation of new ways to deal with these securities contribute to increasing demand for dealing, and one of these methods Trading these securities through the margin purchase contract, and the margin purchase contract is considered a recent contract due to the fact that it is related to the trading of securities and it is a recent appearance, and this contract has characteristics that are unique to it from the rest of the contracts and others that he shares with them, so this contract has become close to b Z contracts and the advantage in some of the rules, which form a special configuration known to him and that's what we'll cover in this research.

Supervision of decisions regarding construction leave, both administrative and judicial, ensures that the individual is required to take leave against the arbitrariness of the administration in the abuse of its powers conferred by the laws and regulations governing the urbanization
Administrative control requires that the administrative authorities review their decisions regarding the building permit and the consequent withdrawal, cancellation or amendment thereof. Such control shall be exercised automatically or an administrative grievance submitted by the person concerned with the building permit shall be issued to the party that issued the decision or its presidential authority The administration to decide on the grievance negatively or positively
The judicial control is in its way that the person affected by the illegal administrative decisions relating to the building permit can resort to the competent court (the administrative judiciary) to cancel these decisions

The intervention of the legislator to protect the consumer on the occasion of the emergence of some advanced industrial goods and services that are characterized by their complexity or specialized technical character in a manner that may pose a threat to the security and safety of the consumer of these products, and among the most important of these modern legal techniques to achieve this end is the commitment of the product to track Its products after being put to circulation. By tracking the risks of these products revealed by scientific development and taking the necessary measures to face these risks to meet the requirements of protecting consumer safety from the risks of products on the market.
This commitment has an area in which it operates in terms of the people of the obligation and the subject to which it is addressed. Therefore, studying the scope of implementation of the product commitment to track its products requires us to define its scope in such a way as to set the limits of the commitment to tracking, and this scope is determined by personal and objective scope.

The prohibition clause prohibits the seizure of the gifted or recommended funds from the voluntary restrictions associated with contributions that entail the transfer of ownership of the donated funds. This limitation is applied to the general security right of creditors, which prevents some creditors from holding the donated money.
The prohibition clause is characterized by the fact that it is a voluntary condition. It is a consecration of the principle of willpower in the scope of acts without compensation. The prohibition clause is also characterized by proportionality in terms of creditors where it does not apply to all creditors but applies only to former creditors and also to subsequent creditors who know The time to donate this condition is considered an exception to the general rule of guarantee.
It is a condition to make the condition to the booking legal is coupled with the requirement of donations, and should not be debt to be booking for which the debt of a planned expense and had arisen before the donation.
The provisions of the ban on detention are expressly stated in the Egyptian Civil Procedure Law, the Lebanese Civil Procedure Law and the French Civil Procedure Code. The Iraqi law did not expressly provide for the prohibition of detention, but it was left to the general rules and to the judgment of the judiciary. The majority of jurists have agreed to the condition of prohibition from seizure.

Noise pollution is emitted from a variety of sources, leaving negative effects on the environment, human health and rest, in particular, and the biological domain that is emitted into a generally disturbing environment. A person can not practice his or her duties or exercise his right to life quietly and peacefully. Along with noise pollution, as well as the noise left by serious health conditions may endanger life or at least lose enjoyment of the pleasures of life.
If noise is a type of environmental pollution - which we will try to detail - there may be several questions about the meaning of the noise, and the extent to which it is considered polluted? The most important question in this study, however, is which types of compensation are appropriate for reparation for noise pollution? How is it implemented?
This is what we will try to answer in the light of the general rules of the Civil Code compared to the civil laws in Kuwait, Egypt and France, especially after the first amendment of its kind carried out by the French legislator in his civil law under Decree No. 1087 of 8 August 2016 on ( compensation for environmental damage ) In articles (1246-1252) of the French Civil Code, as well as special environmental legislation, and in light of the views of civil law jurists and judicial trends in this regard.

The independent authorities that mentioned in article (102) , (103) of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 alongside the competition council and to prevent the monopoly by a limited procedural penal jurisdiction which enable it to start the criminal case of the committed crimes of its ranged binding job and to investigate about those crimes and collect evidences in addition to investigate in it with restriction of this procedure on a certain number of those authorities without skip it to another one, except there are general principles that have been mentioned in the criminal laws which have an effectiveness on any validity of the criminal field procedures which cannot be ignored by any authority that been giving a power of taking that criminal procedures and among those authorities, the Independent authorities which cannot do any related procedures unless it acceptable for the general rules of the criminal law otherwise those procedures should be invalid and could be appeal in court.

Customs outlets are among the most essential elements of the state’s activities, as they have a wide impact on the movement of commercial activity, and they also have the primary role in introducing hard currencies, as they have a contribution to increasing the movement of various activities, and they have a role in filling the shortage of goods that Iraq needs in The present time, and as a result of the changes witnessed by Iraq after 2003, which is necessary to pay attention to the customs border outlets, and the importance of those ports to Iraq and neighboring countries alike, as it requires legislation for the Federal Border Ports Authority Law No. (30) for the year 2016, to regulate this facility Vital So we tried in this study to get to know the concept of border crossing organization, its legal basis and its types. What is the competent authority in the Federal Border Ports Authority, and the general political standard in managing federal customs outlets between the Federal Government and the regions

Private placement refers to transactions involving the offering of securities to certain categories of investors, including professionals from financial institutions, experienced investors or high solvency of individuals. Many companies seek to increase their capital to develop their business and develop their business. Private Placement is an appropriate option. Private placement is an important means of financing projects, promoting growth or attracting investors who may add strategic alliance power to the project. A certain number of shares are offered to a select category or segment of investors, who are qualified with management experience and solvency without other investors.

The Iraqi legislator give great careful to the officer in the university from gives him groups of rights according to the act of university Iraqi service NO-23for year 2008 in addition to the rights which gives him according to the act of university Iraqi service NO-24 for year 1960 concerning him public officer . The act of university exam is crime who commit it will punish according to the law .
the crime of the leak questions of exam in order to process from existence two points the physical corner and moral corner in addition to the special corner. This is embodied the place of crime which the questions of exam of the public .The questions of the institutes and colleges that follow ministry of higher education and scientific research . The punishment of this crime is different whenever this crime is paired not with aggravating circumstances or may be out pull careless in addition this punishment is limited with law for this crime and this influence to the official in the university for the officer and it's financial effects

The contemporary international community consists of many countries that enjoy the same degree of sovereignty, and from the constituents of the state as the basic unit of the current international community, there must be three basic elements without which the state cannot establish the political and legal concept as a person of public international law, and these The elements are (the region, the people, and the sovereignty), and in order to determine the element of the people, there must be a standard by which this basic pillar of the state is defined, and this is what has been termed nationality.