Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Eruca sativa (Es) belongs to the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) commonly known as jarjeer have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of different diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity of Eruca sativa ethanolic leaves extract (ESELE) in rats. For acute toxicity test, fifteen rats have been used and they were divided into three groups with five rats for each group, low dose of ESELE (2g/kg), high dose of ESELE (5 g/kg) and normal group. After 14 days all the animals were sacrificed by intraperitonial injection with ketamine (100 mg/ml) and xylazine (100mg/ml) in a ratio 4:1 (v/v). The blood was collected for some liver function test such as [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum bilirubin (TSB)] and kidney function test such as (urea and creatinine). Then liver and kidney were fixed in formalin 10% for histopathological examination. Acute toxicity study with a higher dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. There is no significant (P≤0.05) difference between rats was given ESELE in all tested parameters levels as compared to their respective vehicle group. Histopathological examination of the organs did not reveal any abnormalities in all groups treated comparing with vehicle group. In conclusions, the present finding suggests that ESELE did not manifest any significant toxicity at any of the biochemical and histological examined parameters.

The study was carried out to explained the effect of probiotic (protexin® and lactobacillus acidophilus), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (prebiotic) and immunmodulator (levamisole) in feed additive and in drinking water on immune response post vaccination and challenge with Newcastle disease virus. Three hundred and fifty quails were divided into five groups contained 50 chicks and as follows: Group 1: Received Saccharomyces cerevisiae in drinking water from day 1 to the day 45 in dose (107 CFU/ml). Group 2: Received Levamisol with dose (10 µg/kg b.w.) in drinking water from 1 day to the 45 days. Group 3: Received protxin® (Probiotic) in feed from 1 day to the 45 days in dose (0.5 g /kg feed). Group 4: Received lactobacilli isolated from quail in drinking water from day 1-45 of the experiment in dose (107 CFU/ml). Group5: Received lactobacilli isolated from quail in drinking water from day 1-3 of the experiment in dose (107 CFU/ml). Group 6: Control positive vaccinated not treated. Group6: Control negative not vaccinated and not treated. At age 10 and 20 day All quail groups were vaccinated except the control negative with NDV vaccine La Sota strain (Intervet-Holland). At age 42 day (sexual maturity), start collect the eggs products for hatching. ELISA in day 4 of the offspring will carry on estimating maternal immunity for ND. Isolate bacteria from yolk sac of the first chick offspring. Blood samples all groups, blood samples will be collected at day 4 to check the maternal Immunity for NDV and at day (20 and 30, 45, 75, 80 and 85) to check NDV titer by ELISA. Swabs will be taken from cloacae at (20 and 40) days in all groups to check Salmonella and E. coli. Challenge with NDV will take place on day 75. The obtained results referred Ability to use the lactic acid bacteria isolate as probiotics and its metabolites as prebiotics in quail chicks. High growth rates parameters in quail chicks. Significant enhancement the immune response against ND post vaccination and post challenge with field virulent isolate of NDV. Efficacy in improving the intestinal microbial balance. Challenge with 100LD50 NDV (106) at day 75 caused high morbidity and no mortality in all vaccinated group but high mortality and morbidity in control negative. (protexin®, sacchromyces cervisicea, Lactobacillus acidophilus and levamisole) did not protect the chicks from infection with virulent NDV but they reduced the severity of infection.

This study was conducted to evaluate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formaldehyde inactive E. coli vaccine in different doses by determination the immune response of E. coli and estimate the pathological changes post challenge with Escherichia coli. Three hundred and fifty broiler chicks were used from one day to forty five day old, divided randomly into 7 groups, experimental groups treated by receiving LPS vaccine of E. coli in different doses. And other groups received killed vaccine of E. coli through subcutaneous injection in different doses. G3 that received LPS vaccine at dose (0.5 ml from 3×107 CFU/ml) given significant increase at level (P<0.05) in protection after challenge with E. coli compared with other groups. The LPS vaccine from local isolate gave better (cellular and humoral) immunity than the formaldehyde inactivated vaccine in vaccinated chicks after challenge with APEC.

Aromatic and medicinal plants are wide spread throughout world this study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory role of crude extract of Origanum vulgare plant on some pathogenic bacterial species :Pseudomonous aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenus, Streptococcus pyogenus, Brucella abortus and Bacillus anthracis. These strains were cultured on nutrient agar then each Petri dish contain one of the pathogenic bacteria has been injected into the three holes by extract concentration 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml) and ethanol alcohol 70% as control, the inhibitory zone were measured. The results reaveld that the inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract was more effective against Listeria monocytogenus in inhibition zone diameter (31-32 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus in inhibition zone diameter (27-32 mm) then Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Brucella abortus in inhibition zone diameter (26-30 mm, 25-29 mm, 25-30 mm) respectively and moderate activity on Streptococcus pyogenus, Pseudomonous aerogenosa in inhibition zone diameter (19-20 mm, 19-28 mm) then Bacillus anthracis in inhibition zone diameter (17-25 mm) respectively.