Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Cleft is defined as defect in the fusion of facial tissues alone or
with palatal processes during embryonic life causes an opening in
face or roof of mouth in baby which considers as most common
anomalies visit our hospital. To analyses most important problems
which may consider as one of the cause of cleft lip and palate
patients with steps in management of this important anomaly. The
sample involves 500 patient distributed between cleft lips only,
cleft palate group and cleft lip and palate. The parent of patient
takes important field in our study since they are who answer the
questions, the study take five years from 2010 to 2015, patients
came to our hospital with age extend from few hour to 28 years
old .the problem is very important and this first study in our
hospital . Of this study analyzed by chi-square test, the results
were founded cleft lip group was found to be (15.6%), cleft palate
group (33.6%) and cleft lip and palate group were (50.8%). We
take the order of patient in family found 28% of sample first in
order (highest percentage).Most patient fathers above 30 years
(65%), 8.6%of them with systemic disease (40%) were smokers.
Most age group of mother were younger between 16-30 years old
(65.4%), previous history of cleft found in 33% of sample and
(45.6 %) of mother had a history of psychological problem.
Management of patient include long process therapy as early age
of patient when reach hospital to age above 20 years old which
include plastic surgery , orthodontic treatment and maxillofacial
surgery.

Early diagnosis of unerupted supernumerary teeth is very
important. Detailed examinations and evaluations of these teeth
with Three-Dimensional (3D) images are very beneficial in terms
of treatment planning and avoiding complications, which may
occur. 3D imaging in Dentistry offers many advantages with
respect to diagnosis and treatment planning. The applications of
software-3DCT images for detailed evaluation of impacted
supernumerary teeth: location, number, morphology and positional
area, to avoid their possibility complications by early choosing the
proper surgical treatment. A descriptive study including 98
unerupted supernumerary teeth from 75 healthy patients between
10 and 43 years of age. Reasons for patients attendance included :
malocclusion ,lack of eruption of permanent teeth ,prominence of
gingival ,diastama, ,cystic lesion, caries and pain in different
regions of dental arches, taking into account the variables of
personal data, gender, age, location, morphology, number and
positional area, related complications,3DCT scans study and
correlated with surgical approaches and treatment. Incidence in
impacted supernumerary teeth is higher among male patients (ratio
M: F of 1.8:1) .They are most frequently located in the maxilla
(64.28%) mainly in the premaxilla within the central incisors
mesiodens (40.82 %) were detected by 3DCTscans ,most of them
classified under Type III ( 72.5%). Most cases present only single
unerupted supernumerary teeth (77.33%). The conical shape is
the commonest morphology (34.69%).The diastema registered the
greatest proportion (40.81%) of complications cases .Surgical
removal of these teeth was done by labial or buccal approaches in
(45.91%) of cases. 3DCT radiographies achieved to diagnosis
and determine the exact situations, identified morphology,
determined number presented and determined the position types of
whole impacted supernumerary
teeth that they were proved
surgically to be in the same locations, similar shapes, right number
and correct anatomical positions. With less invasive surgical
interventions and less operation time. Early treatment planning of
the impacted supernumerary teeth, the exact diagnosis of
anatomical location, shape, number, position of mentioned teeth is
an important issue to avoid their complication in the future.

Transverse test is considered to be appropriate for polymeric
dental materials since compression and tension stresses are
correlated to specific fractures that occur during flexural load. So
the aim of the study is to evaluate the transverse strength of heat
cured acrylic denture base material by using different surface
treatment by laser treatment with diodes laser and air-abrasion
AL2O3. The 60 specimens of heat cured acrylic denture base
material were prepared for this study. They were divided into three
groups according to type of the surface treatment and as follows:
first group without any treatment (control group), second group is
treated with air-abrasion (AL2O3). While third group is treated
with Diodes laser, then each group subdivided into two groups
according to addition of the soft liner: group a: specimens made
from heat cured acrylic and soft liner, while group b: specimens
made from heat cured acrylic only, each group consisted from 10
specimens. The results showed lowest mean values of the
transverse strength for the control group than the specimens with
AL2O3 group, and the highest mean values of diodes laser group
but statically there was non-significant difference between the
groups. In addition the mean values transverse strength of the soft
liner bonded to the heat cured acrylic were higher mean than those
without soft liner groups. Within the limitation of this study,
there was no change in the transverse strength of the heat cured
acrylic by using the diodes laser and air-abrasion AL2O3 surface
treatment.

Introduction: Oral health is the practice of keeping the mouth &
teeth clean to prevent dental problems, like caries and ulcers .For
this sake a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the
extent and effects of dietary pattern on oral health among school
aged children in Kirkuk city\\\'s primary schools on a sample.
Material and methods: Sample size of 120 pupils by selecting 5
pupils from each stage from 4 different schools. The duration of
the study was 1 month from the 1st of March 2015 to 31th of the
same month and was carried out using a questionnaire which was
given to the pupils to be filled by their parents.
Results: The most important finding of the study was that there is
a relationship between dietary intake and dental problems.
Conclusion: That sweeteners consumer has the highest percentage
of dental problems.

The Parents consider tooth eruption as an important thing in the
child\'s life development, and they have often showed their
concern about the timing of eruption of teeth. The purpose of
this study were to Estimate the average age for eruption time of
Permanent 1st molar, central & lateral incisors in upper & lower
Jaw (right & left) in both gender and to Compare the eruption
time of these teeth between upper & lower Jaw ,right & left side
,male &female. This study was conducted at Al Ramadi City /
Iraq, where the sample was consisted of “786” children (391
male & 395 female) of age 5.5 years to 10 years were they
taken randomly from various schools. Eruption of various
permanent teeth (1st Molar, Central & Lateral Incisors teeth)
were noted in both jaws and both sides. In our study we found
that the permanent 1st molars were the first permanent tooth
that erupts in all children at the age between 5.87 – 7.96 years
on both jaws and on both right and left sides with the mean age
of eruption at 6.57 ± 0.55 years in lower jaw and 6.62 ± 0.53
years in upper jaw. In addition to that our study showed that the
next permanent teeth to erupt were central incisors which erupt
at the age between 6.14 – 8.93 years on both jaws and on both
right and left sides with the mean age of eruption at 7.23 ± 0.61
years in lower jaw and 6.29 ± 0.57 years in upper jaw. Finally,
the eruption of permanent lateral incisors were at the age
between 7.66 – 9.93 years on both jaws and on both right and
left sides with the mean age of eruption at 8.89 ± 0.56 years in
lower jaw and 8.93 ± 0.55 years in upper jaw. The teeth erupted
in female earlier than male and in the lower Jaw than upper
Jaw. In the most cases the right lower teeth erupted earlier than
the other quadrant of both jaws. In general, we found that there
was delay in the time of eruption of nearly all the teeth that
were included in this study.

Type IV dental stone play an important role during fabrication of
indirect dental restoration. It should be accurate in every respect,
dimensionally stable over time, hard enough to with stand
fabrication process resistant to the inadvertent abrasions caused by
fabrication. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of
microwave irradiation and die hardener application on surface
hardness of type IV dental stone. Two commercial brands of type
IV dental stone (Spofadental/ Czech, Zhermack/ Italy) were
evaluated. 30 samples were prepared from each brand and left to
dry for 24hr. After that divided into three groups, control group
(10 samples without treatment), 10 samples subjected to
microwave irradiation at 650 watt output power and 2450 MHZ
for 10 mint. And 10 samples painted with die hardener. Surface
hardness measured with Shore C (Durometer, Digital hardness
tester). The die hardener application not affect surface hardness of
both brands (P>0.05). However microwave irradiation increase
surface hardness of Spofadental Type IV dental stone. But reduce
surface hardness of Zhermack Type IV dental stone. After 24hr. of
pouring Type IV dental stone (Spofadental / Czech, Zhermack /
Italy) die hardener application not affect surface hardness.
However surface hardness of Spofadental Type IV dental stone
may be improved with microwave irradiation. But Zhermack Type
IV dental stone showed reduction in surface hardness after
microwave irradiation.

Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent oral inflammatory
disease that affect teeth supporting tissues in response to microbial
infection. A secretor is aterm applied to anyone who secret his/her
blood type antigen into their body fluids as saliva in the oral
cavity. Forty eight males were participated in the present research.
Their age ranging from 35 to 55 years. The clinical periodontal
parameters included Plaque index (PLI), Gingival index (GI),
bleeding on probing (BOP) and Probing pocket depth (PPD) were
examined also. .The secretory ABO blood groups from saliva by
using Blood Typing Kit # 11 were assessed. After that the patients
were divided into secretors and non-secretors and the comparisons
were done between them. There was highly significance difference
between secretory and non-secretory chronic periodontitis patients
in all periodontal parameters (PI, GI and PPD), from the total
sample the Proportional ratio for secretory chronic periodontitis
group was 58.33% while the proportional ratio for the non
secretary chronic periodontitis was 41.66%. Group O is the
predominant type of ABO for both groups. Chronic periodontitis is
more likely to occur in secretor ABO more than non-secretor
ABO.

The bound strength of metal resin interface of prosthesis is a key
factor in determining the service ability of that prosthesis. The
main objective of this study was to determine the effect of
different surface treatment on the shear bond strength of Ni-Cr
alloy (CB-Blando 72 alloy) and heat cured acrylic veneer resin
(Vertex).
Thirty disc shaped samples from base plate wax were prepared,
the diameter of disc was (8 mm x 4.5 mm). After casting the
metal, the samples were cleaned, finished and polished by silicon
carbide abrasive paper with grit size (600 μm) and then the
profilometer was used to determine the surface roughness of
samples. Then the samples were divided in to three groups, each
group contain (10) samples.
The first group received no treatment and serve as control .The
Second group received micro mechanical treatment using 250 μm
Al2o3 .The third group recived micro mechanical treatment using
400 μm Al2o3. The acrylic was prepared as a round shape (8 μm) in
diameter and (2 μm) in thickness, which was placed on the metal
surface treatment, the acrylic was fabricated in the same
conventional way for construction veneer resin. Then all samples
was tested the shear bond strength by using Instron universal
testing machine .The result from this study showed that, the first
group was give low shear bond strength while the second group
showed that the air abrasion with 250 μm Al2o3 give the highest
shear bond values when compared with the third group which air
abrasive with 400 μm Al2o3.

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and most reported series include
tumors affecting both major and minor glands. Very few series have
focused solely on intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors. Is to report the
clinicopathological data of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors in
sample of patients in Baghdad, Most important characteristic features of
benign and malignant tumors, different pathological behavior and the
importance of pathological classification in changing the management
plans. Thirty five patients with tumors of minor salivary gland were
analyzed clinlcopathologically and the management of these tumors is
discussed. 19 female and 16 male patients, age range from9-79years. The
range of duration of tumors was about 3 years and the size range from 1
7cm. The most common site was the palate followed by floor of mouth,
lips, cheek, and the maxillary alveolar ridge respectively. Different
methods of surgical management of minor salivary gland tumors from
simple excision of tumors mass to total maxillectomy were also
described.

Present of important anatomical structures in both upper and lower
jaws make challenge during planning for implant procedures in the
atrophic alveolar bone and to overcome this problem need bone
augmentation which still complex and difficult procedures make it
not accepted by large number of patient. In this study we spot light
on the teeth implant in an area where short bone or insufficient
height of alveolar ridge and inclined alveolar ridge so when we
place implant should be tilted either palatelly, mesially or distally
in bone around and we compare the success rate between angled
placed implant and up right placed implant. 61 patients came to
clinic asking for tooth or teeth implant, 300 implant fixtures were
placed in both upper and lower arch 203 implants were straight
and 97were tilted. After 24 months follow up in the upper and
lower alveolar arches of dental implant (97.54%) of upright
implant were success and (97.94%) of tilted implant were success.
Results indicate that the use of tilted implants effective and safe
method over bone augmentation procedures and nerve
transferring.