Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the level of stress & anxiety among
dental clinical students in Ajman University of both campuses. A descriptive cross sectional
study, questionnaire based study performed on students of both campuses of dental college in
Ajman University. The study was conducted on dental students of 4th& 5th year, a total
number of 307 participants with collected answered questionnaires. A high level of stress is
mainly scored in both 4th& 5th years due to examinations& assigned work. Medical& dental
clinical students are expressed with high stress& anxiety levels due to the environment of the
work& study of these colleges& the psychology of the students attending to these colleges.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses number of clinical
problems including the temporomandibular joints, the masticatory musculature and related
structures, or both. The etiology of TMD is ambiguous since the signs and symptoms
which exist in patients with natural teeth may also being observed in edentulous patients.
Thus, TMD is a multifactorial problem with varying symptoms combinations and rates.
Relationship between removable complete dentures and tempromandibular joint disorder in
different gender and age groups. A total of 30 patients (15 female and 15 male) who
submitted to Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriyah
University to make a new complete denture. The age of participants ranges from (40-80)
years with the mean age (65.8) years. Two clinical examiners conducted the patient’s
examination; the first examiner takes on a questionnaire to identify the TMD symptoms
signs and. Clinical examination of the patients was assessed through part I, II of research
diagnostic criteria pre and post one and two months of applying the prosthesis. The clinical
evaluation of prosthesis done by the second clinical examiner related to (retention, stability,
fitness, occlusion and centric relation) was evaluated twice at predetermined intervals of 1
and 2 months after construction and delivery of denture.
Evaluation performed by using Dawson's bimanual technique and recorded within clinical
case sheet for complete denture records. The present study shows that the highest
frequency of TMD obtained in age group of 70-80 years old followed by age group of 60-
69 years old at all intervals, internal derangement (ID frequency) significantly higher in
females than male patients (p=0.02). There is significant statistical difference regarding the
Myofacial pain dysfunction (MPD) frequency according to the time of using the dentures,
those patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) formed the highest percentage (39.1%) of those
whom presented with MPD followed by those with Hypertension (HT) (32%) and those
with history of HT and DM represent (17.4%) only
The results also illustrated that prosthesis properties (retention, stability, fitness, occlusion
and centric relation) show significant relation with TMDs improvement post one and two
months. Most patients with complete denture perceived improvement in the sign and
symptoms of TMDs

Introduction: laser sinter Cobalt Chromium metal replacing traditional casting
processes of dental alloys for metal ceramic restorations, appropriate bonding of
ceramic to metal is an important factor for long survival time. Twenty laser sinter
cubic metal 10 mm for each sides was fabricated by software designing and
CAD\\\\CAM direct metal laser sintering technique. The twenty cubics were classified
according to the type of metal to ceramic bonding agents into two groups (n=10),
Ceram bond apply for group A and Crea alloy bond for group B. Samples fabricated
using custom made silicon index was used to act as standardized mold for metal
bond application and porcelain buildup. Instron with chisel indenter and special
holding device were involve to measure the strength of bond for ceramic to laser
sinter metal. The mean shear bond load of group A (688.8N) was significantly
higher than that of group B (303.2N). Application of Ceram bond to metal laser
sinter produces more bond strength when compare to usage of Crea bond material

Enamel hypoplasia: its deficiency could be occurring when the enamel of the tooth does not
form completely; this is may be due to many diseases or malnutrition. Enamel hypoplasia
could be appear as horizontal lines or chain of grooves or pits over the outer surface of the
tooth. The purpose of this current study was to find out the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia
for the permanent and deciduous teeth in primary school children in Tikrit city, because
children with enamel hypoplasia can suffer from cosmetic issues, tooth sensitivity and
increased risk of dental caries. This current study is cross-sectional study was conducted
through a clinical examination of teeth among 720 children of age rang (6 to 13) years
enrolled in primary public schools of Tikrit city; they were accepted to participate in study
after the aim of study was explained. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was studied in
relation to age and gender. Diagnosis of enamel hypoplasia takes place by well trained
dentist. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was founded to (6.2%); boys more affected
than girls with odds ratio 1.03 and there was no statistically significant differences. The
anterior teeth were the most affected teeth with enamel hypoplasia specially the upper
permanent central incisor (2.9%). Developmental enamel hypoplasia has a high level of
importance because of being predictors of dental caries. Children suffered from enamel
hypoplasia require a preventive intervention as a priority and early treatment.

Objectives maintaining root canal anatomy through minimal canal transportation by using
Rotary single file systems: One Shape, Wave One Gold and Reciproc systems used in
simulated artificial curved root canals. Materials and Methods 30 simulated curved root
canals in clear resin blocks were used in this study and divided into three groups containing
10 samples each: group (1) represented canals instrumented with Rotary One Shape files,
group (2) canals instrumented with reciprocating Wave One Gold files while Group (3)
canals were prepared with Reciproc files. All canals were imaged pre- and postinstrumentation
at three levels, 2,3 and 5 mm apically and compared using Adobe Photoshop
software program. Amount of transportation were assessed. The three groups were compared
with ANOVA and LSD statistic tests Results the mean transportation at 3mm level of the
canal had no significant difference among all groups, all shown transportation. At 2mm, and
5mm levels there were significant difference between groups, G2 shown the least
transportation among all groups. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the canal
preparation with Wave One Gold files showed lesser transportation than One Shape and
Reciproc files.

Oral diseases can be controlled by reducing the microbial count in the oral cavity and this
can be achieved by maintaining proper oral hygiene. Toothbrushes are the most commonly
used oral hygiene aid to prevent the dental and other oral diseases.
To evaluate the association between gingivitis and contamination statues of toothbrush,
effectiveness of disinfectants and duration of using the toothbrushes.
The study was conducted on 63 patients and their toothbrushes. Gingival status of
participants were evaluated by measuring the gingival index then the patients were asked
about the duration of using his/her toothbrush and asked to bring his toothbrush for
assessment of contamination status with regards to(Staphylococcus aureus) as well as for
evaluation of efficacy of two types of disinfectants. The toothbrush samples were collected
and subjected to quantitative assay of microorganisms. The efficacy of chlorhexidine (0.2%)
and sodium hypochloride (1%) were assessed at 1, 2 and 3 hours. The data were compared
by using student T test, ANOVA and LCD test and t- test. The gingival in dex was higher
with patients using the toothbrushes for longer duration, the S.aureus was isolated from all
tooth brushes as well as the degree of contamination was increased with increased the
duration of use. The chlorhexidine and sodium hypochloride were effective in
decontamination of toothbrushes but their efficacy was reduced with increasing the period of
using the toothbrush. The gingivitis might be exacerbated by prolong using of toothbrushes,
contamination correlated directly with duration of using the toothbrushes and efficacy of
disinfectant inversely correlated to duration of use.

Dentist, dental technician and assistants are faced a several kinds of microorganisms during work
like bacteria, fungi and viruses .So, we can prevent cross contamination by using either chemical
or mechanical disinfection. The aim of the research was to measure the effect of different types
of chemical disinfection on the hardness of two types of denture base resin, heat activated acrylic
and nylon (flexible). A total number of 80 denture resin specimens (40 specimens from heat
activated acrylic and 40 specimens from flexible resin) were prepared. Each type of specimen
was subdivided into 4 groups. Three groups were divided according to the type of denture
disinfectants (1%sodium hypochlorite, 1% povidine/iodine, Kin solution) and the fourth which
considered as control group was immersed in distilled water. All specimens were immersed in
testing solution for 90 minutes at 370C. The hardness of the specimens before and after
immersion was tested using Shore D machine. Our study showed that the mean value of
hardness test for poly methyl methacrylate higher than polyamide and there need aid nonsignificant
Contrast in the resistance of the surface to scratches and indentation between diverse
sorts of thermoplastic resin after using chemical disinfectant and denture cleansers with
comparison with control group for each type of denture base resin. The resistance to indentation
of different types of denture base would not affected by short time immersion in chemical
disinfectant.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis identified by recurrent oral and genital
ulcerations, skin inflammations and uveitis, with unknown etiology. This study had been
designed to assess the level of salivary and serum uric acid (UA) and C - reactive protein
(CRP) markers in BD patients as activity markers and to explore their relations in disease
existence. Fifty BD patients :( 32 males and 18 females) with mean age (35.3 ± 7.6) years
and fifty healthy subjects (30 males and 20 females) with mean age (34.8± 9.1) years were
involved in this study that extend during the period of (2014-2016). All of patients and
healthy subjects were analyzed for UA by (colorimetric spectrophotometric assay that based
on oxidation of UA by uricase enzyme to allantoin) and CRP by (qualitative analysis:
antigen-antibody interaction Latex agglutination test) in both saliva and serum. Data was
analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, P (ANOVA) test, Chi-square (2) test, and
Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient statistical analyses. Results of this study show that
salivary uric acid was significantly elevated in BD patients than in healthy subjects.
(P<0.001). Although serum UA was higher in patients than the healthy subjects but
statistically not significant. (P=0.57). On the other hand, out of fifty patients there were
thirteen patients (26%) significantly expressed CRP positive in their serum and saliva. The
results of this study revealed that UA can act as prooxidant (pro inflammatory) marker and
CRP as inflammatory marker that could be related to impaired endothelial
function in BD.

The term burning mouth syndrome refers to burning sensation of the mouth that has no
detectable cause. The symptoms do not follow specific anatomic pathway, also no known
oral lesions or systemic disorders explain these symptoms. In addition to that no
characteristic laboratory findings are detected. Evaluation of serum and
non- stimulated whole salivary 25-Hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in subjects with and
without burning mouth syndrome. The study was carried out on 57 participants (28 with
burning mouth syndrome and 29 without burning mouth syndrome). Non- stimulated whole
saliva samples were obtained by expectoration. About 5 ml of blood were drown from each
participant. The serum and salivary 25-Hydroxy vitamin D concentrations were measured by
ELISA technology. No significant difference was detected between case and control groups
in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration (120ng/ml and114ng/ml respectively) and in
non- stimulated whole saliva 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration (0.6ng/ml and 0.78ng/ml
respectively). There is no relationship between burning mouth syndrome and non- stimulated
whole saliva or serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D concentration.