Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

In this work several new naphthalimides linkd to substituted benzothiazole moiety were prepared. Preparation of the new naphthalimides was performed via multistep synthesis which include reacted of naphthalic anhydride with 4-aminobenzoic acid, then the product subsequently introduced in reaction with thionyl chloride producing 4-(N-naphthalimidyl) benzoyl chloride which in turn introduced in reaction with substituted benzothiazoles affording the target new naphthalimides. The prepared compound were screened for their antimicrobial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureous, Streptococcus pyogenes), gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa) and yeast (Candida albicans). The results indicated that they exhibit good antimicrobial activity against the tested organism

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of change in stage of pregnancy and lactation on blood metabolites and ions in cows. The animals (n = 38) were divided into three groups: the first group included lactating cows (n=12); the second group included pregnant cows (n =11); the third group included control cows (not pregnant and not lactating) (n=15). Serum samples were obtained and analyzed for glucose, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol and measured electrolytes were sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Serum Ca++ and Mg++ concentration were determined by using commercial kits with spectrophotometer. Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) values were obtained with the use of a flame photometer. The results presented showed the least of glucose level in lactating and pregnant cows compared with control cows. Cholesterol level recorded higher level in pregnant and intermediary in lactating cows, while triglyceride level has Suffered a decline lower than control stage. The urea concentration did not differ significantly between the three stages. Serum calcium was lower in lactating and pregnant cows compared with control cow. The magnesium level did not differ significantly between the three stages. Sodium level recorded a highly level in lactating and intermediary in pregnant, the level of Na+ higher than the normal value. In contrast Na+, potassium level was least than normal value in lactating and pregnant stages. The results which confirmed in this paper show that the blood serum biochemical parameters considered in this paper were affected by the different stages of cows.

This study was conducted to detecte E.coli K99 and Rota virus antigens in both diarrheic and healthy buffalo of Babil province (Iraq) by using ELISA kit.100 Fecal samples were collected from (12 calves aged 3-11 day, 13 calves aged 1-9 months and 75 adults at age 1-5 years) during November 2013-April 2014.Out of the 44 E.coli isolates which had growth on EMB agar, 7(58.3%), 5(38.4%) and 18(24%) isolates for calves aged 3-11 day and 1-9 months and adults at age 1-5 years respectively were found to be positive E.coli K99 antigen. The percentage of infection with rota virus was 4(33.3%) in calves aged 3-11 day, 2(15.3%) in calves aged 1-9 months and 1 (1.3%) in 1-5 years. The results revealed a wide spread of E.coli K99 and rota virus between calves and adults buffalo (diarrheic and healthy animals), in which buffalo considered a reservoirs and a potential source of more important zoonotic enteropathogens.

This study was performed to investigate changes in growth performance, blood pictures, weights of internal organs and immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine (ND vaccine) of broilers fed different levels of Boron (75,150 and 250mg/kg) in feed from 5 weeks. 120 broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly divided into four equal groups (each group contain 30), as following: first group (G1) was received 75 mg/kg of Boron, second group (G2) was received 150 mg/ kg of Boron, third group (G3) was received 250 mg/ kg of Boron and fourth group (G4) was not received Boron in feed and consider as control, All groups were vaccinated with ND vaccine at 10 and 20 days old, Growth performance of the chicks (Body weight, weight gain and mortality rate) were weekly determined, at the end of experiment weights of internal organs (liver, kidney and bursa of fabricius) were determined and Blood samples were collected to measured Ab titer against ND vaccine by ELISA test and to determined blood pictures (RBCs, PCV, HB), The results of this study showed that body weight, weight gain, blood pictures and Ab titers were highly significant increase (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to control group followed by G3 and G1 respectively in all weeks. The mortality rate was significantly decrease (p<0.01) in G1, G2 and G3. Whereas the weights of internal organs (liver, kidney and bursa of fabricius) were significantly increase in G3, G2 and G1 respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that all levels of Boron supplemented diet of broiler chicken caused improvement of growth performance, blood parameters, and without inhibition of the immunity response of chicken against Newcastle disease vaccine.

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of thawing period on some post-thaw semen characteristics of Holstein bulls following adding catalase to Tris extender. Five Holstein bulls of 2.5-3 years old were used in this experiment. Semen was collected via artificial vagina at once ejaculate per bull per week for seven weeks experimental period. Pooled semen was equally divided into two groups using Tris extender. Catalase (100 IU/ml) was added to Tris extender as compared with control group (Tris extender). Following one year cryopreservation period, straws were thawed at 37˚C and examined after different thawing time (15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes). Sperm individual motility, live sperm percentage and total sperm abnormality were investigated. Sperm individual motility were superior (P≤ 0.04-P≤ 0.08) in catalase as compared with the control group during all thawing time. However, 15 and 30 minutes exhibited the highest (P≤ 0.002) motility percentage in catalase group. Similarly, higher live sperm percentage was noticed in catalase as compared with control group. The 15 and 30 minutes being the better live percentage for both groups. In contrast, the differences between groups in sperm abnormality percentage lacked significance. The least abnormality percentage was observed following 15 minutes and the highest at 120 minutes thawing time for both groups. In conclusion, the addition of catalase to Tris extender led to improved post-thaw sperm individual motility and live percentage of Holstein bulls following 15 and 30 minutes thawing period. This will in turn enhance fertility rate of artificially-inseminated cows, and owner's economic income consequently.

A serological survey for brucellosis was conducted in some farm animals, farmers and veterinarians in Baghdad city during the period from October, 2012 to April, 2013. A total of 140 serum samples were taken from farm animals 24 cows, 14 sheep and 102 goats and 26 human serum samples were randomly collected from different ages and sexes in different area in Baghdad (Abo-Graib, Al-Radwania, Al-Gehad and Al-yosefia). Serological tests (Rose Bengal and tube agglutination test) were done on these serum samples and the prevalence in farm animals was 30% (12.5% in cattle, 28.57% in sheep and 34.31% in goats) by rose Bengal test and 19.28% (8.33% in cattle, 21.42% in sheep and 21.56% in goats) by tube agglutination test. The prevalence of brucellosis in human was 26.92% by rose Bengal test and 19.33% by tube agglutination test. The highest titers of antibodies were recorded between 1/80-1/640 in goats, while in human the titers were between 1/160-1/320. The high prevalence of brucellosis in human and animals indicates that the disease is endemic in this area and control programs should be implemented to reduce or eradicate brucellosis.

This study carried out in order to investigation the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats (Capra hircus) in Baghdad province during the period between October 2014 to March 2015.The results found four genera of GIT nematodes detected from 300 fecal samples of examined goats, which confirmed the highest prevalence rate with Toxocara vitulorum was 43.33%, followed by closed rate with Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus which was recorded 22.66%,and the lowest prevalence rate was recorded with Skrjabinema ovis 12.66%, the two genera of Toxocara vitulorum and Skrjabinema ovis were recorded for the first time in Baghdad province. According to the age group, most species of GIT nematodes recorded the highest prevalence rate in age <1-6 months except S. ovis detected in age ≥ 3 years. Relation to the sex, the highest percentage for all species of nematodes infection was detected in males more than females without significance differences. According to the months of study, the maximum percentage for H. contortus was noticed in March 44% and the lowest in January was 4%, while the highest percentage rate for S.papillosus in February was 28% and the lowest in January was 16%, February had highest percentage rate 84% for T. vituloum compared to November reached to 24%, S. ovis had closed prevalence rate in October, December, January, March which was recorded 16% while the lowest infection in February was recorded 12%.

The study aimed to evaluate different protocol treatments efficiency on fetal membranes retention in local Iraqi buffaloes breed (Bubalus bubalis) and some reproductive efficiency criteria for the treated animals under field condition. A study was conducted on 80 local buffalo cows breed (Bubalus bubalis) in the south of Baghdad suffered from retained placenta after parturition or abortion, they treated with different protocols (PGF2α+Ut.Pes+Placenta removed manually, PGF2α+ GnRH +ut.Pes+Placenta removed manually+systemic antibiotics + mineral inj, PGF2α+ systemic antibiotics and PGF2α), according to healthy status (if there was any complications or hypocalcaemia or magnecimia injuries and others). Results revealed that the mean duration days treatment were (3.25, 2.5, 3.5, 4.2), mean duration days open were (99.5, 73.3, 106.5, 109.0) and the pregnant percentages were (80.0, 90.0, 70.0, 60.0)%, respectively for the four groups (G1,G2,G3 and G4). We concluded that treatment with PGF2α+ GnRH+Ut.Pes+Placenta manually removed + systemic antibiotics+meniral inj, was the highly effective for buffalo retention fetal membranes at (P≤0.05) and PGF2α+ GnRH hormones preferred to be given after delivery.

Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Brucella spp.,a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. The mouse is the animal model more commonly used to study chronic infection caused by Brucella. This model is most frequently used to investigate specific pathogenic factors of Brucella spp. This work was done to study the histopathological in liver and spleen in mice infected with Brucella melitensis. A total of 20 female mice (8 week of age) a 10 mice control and 10 injected with 10¬¬¬5cfu (colony forming unit) of¬¬¬ Brucella melitensis by injection intraperitonial per animal. Samples (liver and spleen) were collected at 6 weeks period of infection and kept in 10% formalin study which revealed congestion, granulomatous , fibrosis in liver and increased number of lymphohistiocytic cells and increased amount of red pulp in spleen. This study concluded that the histopathological in liver and spleen caused by Brucella melitensis in mice are similar to those observed in humans with brucellosis, which indicated that the mice are suitable model for histopathological studies of human being diseases especially brucellosis.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of change in stage of pregnancy and lactation on blood metabolites and ions in cows. The animals (n = 38) were divided into three groups: the first group included lactating cows (n=12); the second group included pregnant cows (n =11); the third group included control cows (not pregnant and not lactating) (n=15). Serum samples were obtained and analyzed for glucose, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol and measured electrolytes were sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Serum Ca++ and Mg++ concentration were determined by using commercial kits with spectrophotometer. Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) values were obtained with the use of a flame photometer. The results presented showed the least of glucose level in lactating and pregnant cows compared with control cows. Cholesterol level recorded higher level in pregnant and intermediary in lactating cows, while triglyceride level has Suffered a decline lower than control stage. The urea concentration did not differ significantly between the three stages. Serum calcium was lower in lactating and pregnant cows compared with control cow. The magnesium level did not differ significantly between the three stages. Sodium level recorded a highly level in lactating and intermediary in pregnant, the level of Na+ higher than the normal value. In contrast Na+, potassium level was least than normal value in lactating and pregnant stages. The results which confirmed in this paper show that the blood serum biochemical parameters considered in this paper were affected by the different stages of cows.