Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Twenty mice (fifteen days old) were divided into 2 groups, first group include 10 mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 100 µl of isolated bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus and the second group, include 10 mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 100 µl embryonic bovine kidney (EBK) cell suspension media. After (3-7) days post infection, mice were killed three in each group. Histopathological examination for collected organs of BPIV-3 infected mice (Liver and heart) indicated histopathological changes were detected in comparison to non-infected liver and heart.

Sperm motility is known as an effective parameter in male fertility, and it depends on energy consumption. Low-level laser irradiation could increase energy supply to the cell by producing adenosine triphosphate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the low-level laser irradiation on the human sperm motility. Fresh human semen specimens were divided into two equal portions and irradiated by 632.8 nm He-Ne laser irradiation with varying doses as: 0 (control) and 12 J/cm2. At the times of 30 min following irradiation, sperm motilities were assessed by means of computer-aided sperm analysis in all samples. results showed that the irradiating human sperms with low-level 632.8 nm He-Ne laser can improve their progressive motility depending on both laser density and post-exposure time

The research is designed to prepare antigens of Brucella melitensis and sonicated Salmonella typhimurium and their synergistic effect on some interlukines (IL-4,IL-6) and Immunoglobulin-M (IgM) which were evaluated by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA). For this purpose 25 Rabbits randomly divided into five groups each group contained five animals. The first group was immunized with Brucella melitensis (Rev-1) (1-2 ͯ109) cfu/ml and sonicated Salmonella typhimurium 1000 µg/ml, Subcutaneously. The 2nd group was immunized with. B. melitensis (Rev-1) 1-2 ͯ109 cfu/ml and sonicated S. typhimurium 500 µg/ml Subcutaneously. The 3rd group was immunized with B. melitensis (Rev-1) (1-2 ͯ109) cfu/ml. The 4th group was immunized with sonicated S. typhimurium1000 µg/ml only Subcutaneously as positive control. The 5th group was immunized by P.B.S.(pH7.2) as negative control group. The high concentration of IL-4,IL6 was recorded in the first group, It was (177.54±2.25 and 252.35±13.35), respectively and the lowest concentration was in the fourth group (144.32±4.85 and 119.78±3.34), respectively. Also the results of IgM showed that the highest concentration was 501.23±41.22 in the first group, while the lowest concentration was 63.99±8.76 in the fourth group. Apparent differences in the levels of IL-6, IL-4 and IgM-class antibody in the groups injected with Killed whole cell sonicated antigen of Salmonella typhimurium (KWCSA-ST1000 mg/ml) and B. melitensis (Rev-1) (1-2 ͯ109) cfu/ml and the group injected with KWCSA-ST (500 mg/ml) and B. melitensis (Rev-1) (1-2 ͯ109) cfu/ml as compared with the other groups which injected with KWCSA-ST(1000 mg/ml) only and B. melitensis (Rev-1) (1-2 ͯ109) cfu/ml only.

This study was conducted to detect the zoonotic intestinal protozoa Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. infection in horses and animal handlers at Baghdad city (Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation (IFE), Equestrian and Al- Dowanem), during the period 1/November/ 2014 to 31/April /2015, from both sexes one hundred eighty stool samples (92 horses, and 88 humans) were examined by direct wet smear, Lugol's iodine smear and modified Ziehle Nelseen stain. In horse the results showed that the infection rate of Giardia spp. was 4.45% by direct wet and Lugol's iodine smears. The higher infection rate 12.5% was recorded in the age group< 1-3 years and the females showed a higher infection rate 6%. In Equestrian were recorded the high infection rates 8% without significant P<0.05. While in animal handlers was showed a total infection rate 35.22%, the higher infection rate 45% was recorded in the age group <20 years and the high infection rates were recorded 36.36% in males. while the higher infection rate 50% was found in Iraqi Equestrian Federation and all group show no significant P<0.05. The results were showed that the total Cryptosporidium spp. infection rate was 64.13% by MZNS in horse. The higher infection rate recorded 70% in age group 12-150.01.Cryptosporidium spp. in animal handlers showed total infection rate 47.72%, the higher infection rate 77.77% was recorded in the age group 40-50< years and the group show significant P>0.01, with high infection rates 50% recorded in males. The higher infection rate 59.9% was recorded in Al- Dowanem areas. In ELISA for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. parasites of animal handlers, the result showed that the total infection rate was 60.23%, the higher infection rate 72.22% was found in the age group 40-50< years with different significant P>0.01. A high infection rate 63.64% was found in females and the Equestrian area was showed the higher infection rate 76.47% without significant P<0.05.

This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in horses and their owners at Baghdad city (Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation, Equestrian and Al- Dowanem), during the period 1/November/ 2014 to 31/April/ 2015. One hundred seventy eight sera (92 horses, and 86 animal handlers), were examined by Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results were showed that the infection rate in horses by LAT was 67.39% (58% females and 78.57% males) and 32.6% by ELISA (28% females and 38% males). The higher infection rate 79.16% of horses was recorded in the age group 3-<6 years, while a lower infection rate 43.75% was found in the age group <1-<3years by the LAT, while in ELISA the higher infection rate 50% was recorded in the age group 9-<12 years and a lower infection rate 18.75% was found in the age group <1-<3 years. In animal handlers the infection rates were 65.62% and 58.139% by LAT and ELISA respectively and the age group 20-30 years was showed a higher infection rates 76.92% and 65.38%, and the lower infection rate 54.16% was recorded at the age group 30-40 years in Latex and ELISA respectively. Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation, Equestrian and Al- Dowanem areas were showed the infection rates 70.37%, 64%, 68% and 66.66% by LAT respectively and the infection rates were 48.14%, 20%, 32% and 26.6% by ELISA in horses, while in animal handlers the infection rates in Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation Equestrian and Al- Dowanem areas were 68.18%, 83.33%, 53.33%, 77.27% by LAT and 59%, 58.33%, 63.33%, 50% by ELISA respectively.

The aim of this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of some blood protozoal infections of quails in Baghdad (Al-Husainia, Baghdad Al-Jadeda and Al-Rashedia) by using 57 blood samples of both sexes, 9 of them were infected 9.67% which divided into 10.52% Leukocytozoon spp and 5.26% Plasmodium spp. The infection rates of males and females were 9.67% and 23.07% respectively. A higher infection rate was recorded in Baghdad Al-Jadeda 28.57% and the lowest infection rate 8.33% was found in Al-Rashedia. Also, a higher infection rate was recorded in May month 25%, while the lowest infection rate was found in February month 0.0%.

The present study was undertaken to make information about the toxicopathological effects of different doses of indomethacin on male rats' genital organs. The experiment was done on sixty male rats aged (8 weeks) and weighing (170-230 gm), they were divided equally into 4 groups: Group1: Rats served as control (C) and received distilled water for 2 months. Group 2: Rats received by gavage indomethacin diluted in distilled water at 1 mg/kg/B.W/day for 2 months. Group 3: Rats received by gavage indomethacin diluted in distilled water at 2 mg /kg /B.W/day for 2 months. Group4: Rats received by gavage indomethacin diluted in distilled water at 3 mg /kg /B.W/day for 2 months. At the end of experiment scarification (every 30 and 60 days) of the rats has been done. Specimens from testes and epididymis were excised for histopathological examination. The results showed that the pathological changes were dose and time dependent. It was concluded from the study that prolonged use of indomethacin is harmful to the genital organs.

The study was conducted on 100 pregnant Awassi ewes, aged 2-5 years to evaluate a prepartum intramammery treatment for controlling postpartum mastitis. Four hundred mammary secretions or milk samples were collected aseptically (200 samples, 2-3 weeks prepartum and 200 samples, one week postpartum). These were subjected to bacteriological culturing and identification. California mastitis test and white side test were used for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. Immediately after the prepartum sampling, dry-off intramammary antibiotic was administered to 87 randomly selected udder halves (42/92 infected halves and 45/108 non-infected halves), the remainder 50 and 63 halves were allowed without treatment as infected and non-infected control respectively. Results of culturing revealed 148 and isolates of 20 different bacterial species. Eighty-nine were gram positive and 59 were gram negative. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most frequent gram positive bacterial isolate 40 (27%), while the predominant gram negative bacteria were Mannheimia haemolytica 16 (10.81%). The Prepartum clinical and subclinical mastitis were 13% and 33% respectively, compared with 5.5% and 22.5% in post partum period. Results of the prepatum treatment of infected udder halves revealed that, out of 42 treated halves, 38 (90.5%) halves were recovered of infection and only 4 treated halves experienced infection during the postpartum period, of these 2 (4.8%) halves retained the same pathogen and the other 2 (4.8%) developed new infection with diverse bacteria. While 42 (93.33%) of 45 prophylactically treated healthy haves were protected from developing postpartum infection and only 3(6.66%) haves contracted infection through the post partum period. In conclusion, Dry-off prophylactic treatment could reduce the incidence of postpartum ovine mastitis. The self-cure phenomenon has an important role in resolving mastitis in ewes.

This study aimed to find out the effect of feeding probiotics or/and Ocimum basilicum seeds on productivity and physiological traits. Twenty local male rabbits aged 2.0 –4.0 months, with average body weight 1700g. Animals fed on a concentrate pellets diet and green grasses and tap water offered. Rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups. All groups were daily fed on a concentrate pellets diet (2%) of body weight, first group (C) as control group, second group (P) fed on the same concentrate pellets and water containing 5mg/kg body weight of probiotics, third group (B) was gives 2% of Ocimum bacillicum seeds (basil seeds) while forth group (PB) was gives 2% of Ocimum bacillicum seeds and water containing 5mg/kg body weight of probiotics. The results revealed that body weight was progressively increased in all groups, but the treated groups showed significantly (p<0.05) better values than the control group. Also the treated groups conducted significantly (p<0.05) higher total gain compared with the control group. Hemoglobin concentration increased with time progress in all groups, significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control group along most studied periods. While serum glucose levels reduced in all groups, but the treated groups showed significantly (P<0.05) lower values than the control group in late experimental periods. With time progress, serum cholesterol and triglyceride percentages were reduced in all groups, but the control group recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher values than the treated groups, and B and PB groups recorded the lower values than P group. AST enzyme activity in all groups were decreased with time, while the treated groups recorded significantly (P<0.05) lower values compared with the control group along most studied period.

The present study was carried on 21 ewes divided in to three groups: 7 ewes injected with prostaglandin F2α, 7 ewes injected with oxytocin and 7 ewes injected with distal water used as control group. Bacterial swabs taken from the female uterus. The result revealed that there were 6 different types of bacteria, the predominant bacteria in the uterus ewes were Staphylococcus aureus 32.8%, and Escherichia coli 22% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Klebsilla spp. and Proteus vulgaris, were less frequent isolates (15, 12.4, 12.4, 5.4)% respectively. Also the result showed that the number of all species of bacteria in PGF2α group less than other groups. The observation that injected ewes with PGF2α caused a significant reduction of bacterial load in uterus compared with control group while number of uterus bacteria did not affect with injection of oxytocin which might have not stimulatory effect on immune system to resistance the bacterial infections.

This study was designed to investigate possible preventive role 70%alcoholic extract of fresh fruit of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) (300 mg/kg) which extracted from fresh fruits against the deleterious effect of 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on some physiological parameters in male rats. Fifteen adult male rats were divided randomly into three equal groups (5/group) and were treated daily as follows for one month: control group ©which were given distilled water, first treated group was given 1% H2O2 In drinking water (G1), the second treated group (G2) was given orally 70% alcoholic extract of hawthorn (300 mg/kg) with 1% H2O2 in drinking water. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (%), platelet count, total protein, albumin and globulin, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (N/L) index, Albumin/Globulin (A/G) index and phagocytic Index. The result showed a significant increase in total WBC count, platelet count, Lymphocyte percentage, phagocytic index, total protein and globulin concentration in alcoholic extract of hawthorn with H2O2 group (G2) as compared with H2O2 group (G1). The result also pointed a significant increase in monocyte, neutrophil percentage, N/L index and A/G index of H2O2 group (G1) as compared with (G2) group H2O2 with hawthorn. The result suggests that the adverse effect of 1% H2O2 can be prevented with 70% alcoholic extract of hawthorn in male rats.

This study was conducted to evaluate multivalent inactivated infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine from the commercial IB (H120, Ma5 and 4\91) strains on the Abs response (titre) in chicks reared up to 40 days. Two hundred and fifty broilers (Ross breed) at one day old were divided randomly into 5 groups (50 chicks of each group) diet and drinking water offered ad libitium, experimental groups vaccinated as follows: Group A: Vaccinated with 0.2 ml inactivated IBV vaccine. Group B: Vaccinated with 0.3 ml inactivated IBV vaccine. Group C: Vaccinated with 0.5 ml inactivated IBV vaccine. Group D: Vaccinated with 0.25 ml inactivated ND+IB (Commercial). Group E: Control group. All groups except the control group vaccinated with IBV at 4 days old via subcutaneous route, and vaccinated with attenuated ND+IB (Volvac®) at one day old via ocular route, and vaccinated with attenuated IBD (Ceva®) at 14 days old via drinking water route, and vaccinated with live ND (La sota strain) (Boehringer®) at 10 and 20 days old via drinking water route. All groups were challenged with local virulent IBV isolate (Variant 2 and QX) at 28 days old. Morbidity and mortality were recorded in all the challenged birds. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein at (7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42) and transported to the laboratory for serum separation which were used in the ELISA and HI test to determine the antibody titer against IBV. Statistical analysis showed that ELISA and heamagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer of IB are antigen specific after challenge with local isolated of IBV (QX and Variant2) strains, group C were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than other groups and control group.