Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

The present study aimed to study different ways for treatment
of Localized Juvenile periodontitis, cultural and microscopic
results of specimens from base line, appeared the following
bacterial strains: Bacteroides gracilis ,Fusobacterium
nuclautum, Porphyromonas intermedia, Actinomyces,
peptostreptococcus species, eikenella corrodens,
streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus salivaris. Which
distribution in 50% gram positive and 50% gram negative.
Cultural and microscopical result after ten days of the
experimental design appeared significant difference P≥ 0.05,
at the SRP group results of microscopic and culturing show
Peptostreptoccal species, Prevotella intermedia,
Fusobacterium nuclautum, Streptococcus Saliveris. While at
the SRP and antibiotic treated group (Doxycyclin 100 mg) the
pattern of microbial study appeared the following bacteria:
Fusobacterium nucleotum, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus
salivaris. At the other hand the results of third group SRP
and diode Laser appeared no growth of microorganism at all
site subjected to Laser 0.8 w, 940 nm for 20 sec after ten
days of study.

This study was conduct to assess the sealing ability of Gutta flow2
in comparison with Adseal & Endofill sealers by using different
obturation techniques. Thirty extracted premolarswere utilized as a
part of this investigation, the roots were prepared by wave one
(large file) as master file, samples randomization was categorized
into three categories harmonious root filling materials, group(I)
lateral compaction with Endofill sealer, group(II) single cone
obturation with Adseal sealer, group(III) Gutta Flow2 with master
cone. After incubation period for three days, all samples covered
with two layers of nail coating aside from two mm at the zenith.
Samples immersion was done in staining solution for 2 days, then
the roots sectioned longitudinal and the depth of the color pathway
from above was analyzed utilizing a stereomicroscope. The Gutta
Flow2 group has lowest mean values(0.6660)mmof apical dye
penetration in comparison with other groups, and the lateral
compaction with Endofill sealer has highest mean values
(0.7490)mm of apical dye penetration.

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), is a
deubiquitinating enzyme. Certain changes in ubiquitination
attribute to uncontrolled growth, leading to oncogenesis. The
aim of this study was to characterize UCH-L1 expression
patterns in normal looking human minor salivary gland
tissues in the perilesional area of oral squamous cell
carcinoma (OSCC). A retrospective study in which UCH-L1
immunohistochemical staining performed for 27 formalin
fixed paraffin embedded blocks of surgically removed
primary OSCC containing perilesional minor salivary gland
tissues. The expression, subcellular localization, pattern of
distribution, and stain intensity were assessed. UCH-L1 was
immunopositive in minor salivary gland tissues of all
sections. The immunoreactivity was (70.4%) detected in the
cytoplasm and (29.6%) as mixed expression (cytoplasm and
nucleus). UCH-L1 was predominately expressed in the ductal
system (40.7%), followed by the myoepithelial cells
(33.35%), while it was weakly expressed in the acinar cells;
mucous (14.9%) and serous acini (11.1%). UCH-L1
expression is detectable in minor salivary glands in a
perilesional area of OSCC, Although previously approved
that it was absolutely absent in normal salivary gland tissues,
it may activate during the course of oncogenesis and can be
classified as a marker for predicting the future invasion of
OSCC to adjacent minor salivary gland tissues. This study
provides evidence for additional studies on the UCH-L1
expression in normal salivary glands in patients with
maxillofacial tumorigenesis.

Two potential problems commonly associated with flexible denture
base material are surface roughness and the reduction of
microhardness due to many reasons, rough surface can cause
bacterial collection and the patient feels discomfort, and the
possibility of the denture scratched when the surface hardness is
reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of
Coca-cola on the surface quality of the flexible denture base
material represented by the surface roughness and microhardness. A
total of (10) samples were prepared for this study with the
dimension of ( 40mm, 10mm, 3mm) length, width, and height
respectively from thermo-plastic flexible resin (X-flexible capsules,
color; K2 , size; L\\China) by the conventional methods following
the manufacturer instructions. The samples were immersed in Coca
cola drink for 12 days at room temperature. This period represents
the average of one year of the beverage consumption, the drink has
been changing daily.The samples were marked randomly and kept
in special containers, and each sample has two rectangular surfaces
used for the tests. One side is used for microhardness test and the
other side used for the surface roughness test. The first tests were
done before immersing the samples in coca-cola as control group.
And after immersing the second tests were done as experimental
group. In this study the data was analyzed using Independent
samples (T- test). And results showed that there is no statistically
significant difference in the surface roughness of the samples before
and after immersing in Coca-cola (P-value > 0,05), while the
microhardness test showed statistically a significant difference (P
value < 0,05) before and after immersing in Coca-cola. The surface
roughness of flexible thermoplastic resin is not affected by coca
cola drink. While the levels of mirohardness showed decreasing
after immersion in coca-cola drink. Therefore, the flexible
thermoplastic material could be damaged if it is subjected to extra
consumption of Coca-cola drink by the patient and this leads to
lessen the amount of hardness by the time that could affect the
efficiency of the prostheses, also could affect the mechanical
bonding between artificial teeth and flexible denture base.

Modified flasking technique for acrylic resin denture base at
sandy stage. The uniform denture base plate wax pattern was
made on the stone casts with a thickness of 3 mm. For the
flow of acrylic on ridge, the necks of teeth were slight grinded
from palatal or lingual surfaces toward buccal surface to
allow more space. The volume of the definitive casts must be
reduced as much as possiblebefore flasked in the lower part of
the traditional flasks and fill with dental plaster (class II)
covering the buccal, labial, incisal and occlusal surfaces of the
teeth to give more support and prevent teeth migration. After
curing cycle, the denture bases are carefully deflasked, the
excess trimmed and polished the surfaces of the denture.
Dentures processed with this procedure provides good
retention and esthetic, more hygienic and comfortable for the
patient than those processed with the conventional method.
Giving more support and prevent teeth migration, comfortable
for patient, good esthetic, give fine details of the mold and
decreasing of time required for processing and finishing the
cured prostheses.

Pain during orthodontic treatment is inevitable side effect.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of the orthodontist to
alleviate this pain as possible. Menstrual cycle is often a
painful event to female. Female is the most of orthodontic
patient. Hence, study the pain perception of female to
orthodontic treatment during menstrual cycle is essential.
Aim: the aim of the present study is to asses, if there is
change in pain perception to orthodontic tooth movement
during menstrual cycle. Seventeen healthy female with
regular menstrual cycle intended to receive orthodontic
treatment with fixed appliances were participated in the study.
Elastomeric separators were placed mesial and distal to
maxillary and mandibular first molars during the menstrual
and postmenstrual period respectively. Visual analog scale
(VAS) was used to assess pain perception at 4 hours, 24
hours, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days after the separators were
placed. Data of VAS scores were statistically analyzed. There
were statistically significant increase in the pain perception
level after the insertion of separators during menstrual cycle
period and decrease during postmenstrual period. During
menstrual cycle, female experienced higher pain perception to
orthodontic tooth movement. Hence, it is better to postpone
orthodontic visits for female patients to postmenstrual period.

Tongue lesions create a significant proportion of the oral
lesions, which afford approximation to oral health and general
condition of the patient and may reflect the presence of many
systemic diseases of an individual. Oral lesions have long
been view as the first signs of many systemic disease and
numerous of oral illness. The aim of this study was to
determine the prevalence of various superficial tongue lesions
in Iraqi population. 2500 patients attending the Department of
Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriyah
University in Baghdad, Iraq were examined for the presence
of various tongue lesions during the period from October,
2013 to September, 2016. The age of the patients ranged from
9-75years with a mean age of 36.51 years. The prevalence of
tongue lesions was 14.64% and the most common lesion
diagnosed was fissured tongue affecting 43.7% of the subjects
(160 cases). Geographic tongue was seen in 65 patients
(17.7%). Coated tongue was diagnosed in 55 patients (17 %)
hairy tongue was seen in 21patients (5.7 %) and ulcerations
was seen in 1 patients (0.27%). Ankyloglossia was seen in 46
patients (12.5%) and scalloped tongue was seen in 10 patients
(2.7 %). Varicosities were seen in 1 of the patients (0.27 %)
and thrush in one patient (0.27 %). The number of
occurrences of tongue lesions in the present study was not
higher of than previous studies ̦ but the high prevalence of
tongue lesions in this study (14.64%) specially fissured
tongue(43.7%), geographic tongue(17.7%) and coated tongue
(15.02%) indicate further investigations are demanded to
indicate if genetic and congenital or environmental factors
play a critical role.

Ninhydrin is a chemical compound that is commonly used in
analytical chemistry. In this research, ninhydrin was utilized
to prepare some heterocyclic derivatives. It was reacted with
hydrazine to make compound (1), which was the starting
material to synthesize other heterocyclic derivatives in this
research. These compounds were characterized by (FT-IR)
and (H-NMR) techniques. The biological effect of the
prepared compounds were tested against the activity of
amylase enzyme in serum. These compounds resulted in
deactivating the amylase enzyme in a percentage rate of
(11.43, 36.49) %, which proves their effectiveness against the
enzyme.
Introduction:
Hetero cyclic compound and their
derivatives have an important and
fundamental role in many areas,
particularly in biological and industrial
filed (1). Imidazole, an organic compound
that has formula (C3H4N2), is a hetero
cyclic compound. Imidazole ring is a part
of Histidine\'s structure. It is also part of
the theofylene molecule found in tea
leaves and coffee (2). Imidazole is involved
in the manufacture of certain anti-cancer
drugs (3). B