Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

The present study was designed to find the relation between
the ABO blood groups and some oral diseases. Fifty healthy
looking students aged 18 to 23 years old were selected
randomly included (18) female and (22) males. Blood
samples were taken and examined for blood grouping by the
slide method. Dental caries was recorded using DMFT
(Decay. Missing and Filling) index teeth and periodontal
parameters recorded by GI (gingival index) and PI (plaque
index). All data were analyzed statistically using SPSS
version 13. The statistical analysis for blood grouping and
oral diseases including (dental caries and periodontal
problems) showed no significant differences in mean 0.71,
0.57, 0.21 respectively (p>0.001). There are no relation
between the ABO blood groups and some oral diseases.

Bacterial gingivitis is a most common and mild form of
periodontal disease that causes bleeding, redness and swelling
(inflammation) of gingiva, around the cervical area of teeth.
Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease,
periodontitis, by spreading to supporting tissue of teeth
involving bone and periodontal ligament, a much more
serious condition that can lead to tooth loss. The study was
conducted to investigate the bacteria causing gingivitis with
an attempt to investigate the bacterial inhibitory effect of
seder leaves extract. Samples consist from (230) gingivitis
swab were collected from the patients which are admitted to
dental clinics in Tikrit city , among the period extended from
March 2016 to February 2017 .Cultural, microscopical and
biochemical tests were performed to identify the bacteria
causing gingivitis .The results showed 165positive heavy
culture of causative bacteria as follows :Gram positive ;
Streptococcus mutans (% 18.78 ) , Streptococcus pyogens (%
8.48 ), Streptococcus salivarius (% 6.06 ) , Streptococcus
angiosus (% 4.84 ) ,Streptococcus pneumoniae (%3.03 ),
Staphylococcus aureus (% 16.96 ), Staphylococcus
epidermidis (% 9.09 ) ,while gram negative included
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (% 13.93),Escherichia coli (% 9.69
) ,Klebsiella .spp (%6.66) , and finallyPseudomonas monilli
(%2.42).The present study showed that the aqueousand
alcoholic
extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves had
inhibitory activity agiants the bacterial species . At the
concentration of (200 mg/ml) of seder leaves extract showed
the highest effect on bacteria . All the types of bacteria that
isolated from the patients with gingivitis had revealed
disproportionately sensitivity against antibiotics : Amikacin ,
ampicillin , tetracycline , gentamicin , chliromphenicol ,
nalidixic acid , amoxicillin , trimethoprim .The mixture of
aqueous extract of seder leaf and antibiotic Gentamicin ,
Amikacin and amoxicillin revealed high inhibitory synergetic
effect against aginst resistant bacteria.

Chronic gingivitis is a well known periodontal disease.
Bacterial plaque plays a key role in the pathogenic initiation
and progression of periodontal disease. More attention
directed toward the use of herbal drugs to treat them. Arabic
or Acacia gum as mouthwash pharmaceutical preperation
used in this study to manage thirty patients complaining from
chronic gingivitis, age range from 20 to 45 years old with
strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was a
randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. The patients
followed at baseline, day 7th, 30th and 60th . Results show that
Arabic gum mouthwash found to be effective in controlling
dental plaque level and inflammation those causing
periodentitis.

Bacterial gingivitis is a most common and mild form of
periodontal disease that causes bleeding, redness and swelling
(inflammation) of gingiva, around the cervical area of teeth.
Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease,
periodontitis, by spreading to supporting tissue of teeth
involving bone and periodontal ligament, a much more
serious condition that can lead to tooth loss. The study was
conducted to investigate the bacteria causing gingivitis with
an attempt to investigate the bacterial inhibitory effect of
seder leaves extract. Samples consist from (230) gingivitis
swab were collected from the patients which are admitted to
dental clinics in Tikrit city , among the period extended from
March 2016 to February 2017 .Cultural, microscopical and
biochemical tests were performed to identify the bacteria
causing gingivitis .The results showed 165positive heavy
culture of causative bacteria as follows :Gram positive ;
Streptococcus mutans (% 18.78 ) , Streptococcus pyogens (%
8.48 ), Streptococcus salivarius (% 6.06 ) , Streptococcus
angiosus (% 4.84 ) ,Streptococcus pneumoniae (%3.03 ),
Staphylococcus aureus (% 16.96 ), Staphylococcus
epidermidis (% 9.09 ) ,while gram negative included
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (% 13.93),Escherichia coli (% 9.69
) ,Klebsiella .spp (%6.66) , and finallyPseudomonas monilli
(%2.42).The present study showed that the aqueousand
alcoholic
extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves had
inhibitory activity agiants the bacterial species . At the
concentration of (200 mg/ml) of seder leaves extract showed
the highest effect on bacteria . All the types of bacteria that
isolated from the patients with gingivitis had revealed
disproportionately sensitivity against antibiotics : Amikacin ,
ampicillin , tetracycline , gentamicin , chliromphenicol ,
nalidixic acid , amoxicillin , trimethoprim .The mixture of
aqueous extract of seder leaf and antibiotic Gentamicin ,
Amikacin and amoxicillin revealed high inhibitory synergetic
effect against aginst resistant bacteria.

Palatal rugae are anatomical structures present in the roof of oral
cavity; there is a significant association between rugae forms &
ethnicity. The aim of this study is to compare rugae patterns in two
different populations: Arabs (Asian) & Indians. 80 female
participants were included in this study: 40 Arabs & 40 Indians. In
the dental clinic / college of dentistry at university of Ajman in UAE.
It has been found that the primary rugae lengths was significantly
more in Arabs 8.325±1.3 compared to Indians 5.575±1.2, the Arabs
population showed predominant wavy shaped rugae [58%], while the
Indians had straight shaped rugae [40%]. These differences of the
shape & lengths of palatal rugae appear as a result of genetic &
environmental factors.

As orthodontic appliances consider one of the esthetic
treatment in dentistry, which contain variable amount of
Nickel and Chromium in different part of the orthodontic
appliance that may release in saliva and affect patient\'s health,
the aim of the study was conducted to evaluate the nickel and
chrome concentration level in saliva for orthodontic patients
who are treated with nitinol and stainless steel arch wire and
compare this concentration with that of control group. Three
groups have been studied 1st group and 2nd experimental
includes 17 patients with nitinol arch wire and other 17
patients with stainless steel arch wire. The 3rd group was
control group includes 17 patients without orthodontic
appliance, stimulated saliva collected in sterile screw capped
bottle, and kept at (-20 C˚) then allowed to defrost at room
temperature, then the concentration of salivary ions of nickel
and chromium was measured by using atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. Descriptive and Inferential statistical
analysis has been used. Revealed significant difference in Cr
and Ni concentration among three groups. This study proved
that with nitinol arch wire the level of Cr and Ni increase in
saliva more than that of control and stainless steel group.

Image upgrade is essential for giving improved data to other
image handling methods. Also, the requirement for
differentiation improvement to all-encompassing image is a
usually performed examination by dental specialists and oral
specialists in regular practice and is a critical indicative
apparatus. It covers a more extensive zone than a traditional
intraoral x-beam and, subsequently, gives important data
about the maxillary sinuses, tooth situating and other bone
variations from the norm. Thusly, it is anything but difficult
to distinguish and perceive valuable data. In this pursuit was
utilized the calculation of Principle Component Analysis
(PCA) to upgrade the subtle elements of images and enhance
the quality the image, by its joining with strategy for
difference improvement, and highlights extraction that take
from the upgrade technique to limit mistakes in images, along
these lines enhance the execution of the framework, image
upgrade strategies used to deliver more reasonable images for
identification and extraction. Three principle computerized
image process strategies: Contrast Stretching, Histogram
Equalization and, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram
Equalization , were considered to build the improvement
image, and evacuate clamor, separately however low quality
and the image is light angle in hues and less clear . In this
exploration we will, pre-prepared images were assessed
utilizing current image recognition and highlight extraction
techniques Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) calculations
after go in improvement strategies. After that PCA embed the
yield vector from SURF. Gotten results demonstrated that
upgrade image expanded after number of separated highlights
and diminished mistakes amid info image in PCA. Therefore,
the impacts of various pre-process procedures were thought
about in the paper and the assessment parameters are figured
which demonstrate that proposed work gives better execution
from the image broke down under PSNR to enhance the
dependability of proposed strategy from the outcomes.