LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY, LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

In this study, the study dealt with the phenomenon of pilgrims in the mujamat al-suruji, then a communication technique aimed at seducing the temptation of the recipient, his deceit, and his influence and influence. , And body language style. The second part deals with the role of the primitive training in the pilgrims in terms of the art of encountering and the art of success. It is followed by a conclusion with the most important findings of the study and a list of sources. The research followed the analytical descriptive method. The phenomena of pilgrims were described and analyzed in the light of the theories of pilgrims .

«Шах-нама» является одним из величайших произведений Эпические работы Ирана и мира. Этот огромный эффект сильно повлиял на произведения поэтов и писателей других народов, особенно русских и французских ученых. В этой статье, которая представляет собой описательно-аналитическую статью, сначала говорится о переводе Шахинха, а затем исследуется ее влияние на произведения русских поэтов. Среди многих шедевров персидской литературы« Шах-нама» был больше, чем остальная часть произведений, представляющих интерес и внимание русских. Этот интерес был до такой степени, что русские востоковеды перевели бы на эту работу. В 1849 году Жуковский перевел часть Шах-нама Фирдоуси (рассказ о Рустаме и Сохрабе) на русском языке, переведенный на немецкий язык его немецким переводчиком г-ном Крутом. В 1849 году Жуковский перевел часть Шах-нама Фирдоуси (рассказ о Рустаме и Сохрабе) на русском языке, переведенный на немецкий язык его немецким переводчиком Крутом. (Гастад Назадянц) в книге «История персидской литературы», опубликованной в 1851 году, посвятил главу Шах-нама Фирдоуси и ее значение в литературе Ирана и мира. Кроме того, Зиновьев написал книгу о поэзии Эпические в 1855 году, в которой он также изучал Шах-нама Фердоуси. Первый перевод главу Шах-нама Фирдоуси из его первоначального текста был сделан человеком под названием «Каримский» в 1895-1895 годах. Но поскольку его родной язык был украинским, он переводил шахинх не на русский, а на украинский. В переводе « Шах-нама » произошла глубокая трансформация в писаниях поэтов (А.С. Пушкина- Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов) и русских писателей (Соколова и Берлета), а также вывел много стихов о « Шах-нама » в их происхождении. Проведение этих исследований и исследований по этой работе поможет нам задуматься о новых взглядах на работы наших прошлых и увидеть важные и доступные элементы нашей литературы и увидеть великих ораторов нашей страны в рядах других народов.

The current research aims at knowing the effectiveness of the counseling interference with the two techniques (dialogue – logical convincing) in developing the academic adaptation of female married teachers through testing the following hypotheses:
1- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals in the first group (the group of the style of dialogue) of pre-test and the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation after administering the program.
2- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals of the second group (the group of the style of logical convincing) in pre-test and the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation after administering the program.
3- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals of the controlled group in pre-test and the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation.
4- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals in the first group (the group of the style of dialogue) and the controlled group in the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation after administering the program.
5- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals in the first group (the group of the style of logical convincing) and the controlled group in the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation after administering the program.
6- There are no statistically significant differences among the ranks of scores of the individuals in the first experimental group (the group of the style of dialogue) and the second experimental group (the group of the style of logical convincing) in the post-test on the scale of the academic adaptation after administering the program.
The researcher has constructed according the rational emotive behavioral theory, where the sample consists of (400) female married teachers. The initial form of the scale consists of (40) items, exposed on a number of experts, where two items have been excluded. However, the final form of the scale consists of (38) distributed on four components (psychological comfort, efficiency in work, somatic symptoms, social acceptance). After ascertaining the scale, the researcher has conducted the reliability by two methods: test and re-test, where it is (0,85).
In order to construct the counseling program in its two styles, the scale has been administered on a sample consists of (100) teachers in order to know the teachers who suffer from lower academic adaptation. However, the number of sessions in the counseling program are (12) counseling sessions, where the program has been constructed and exposed on a number of experts. The sample of the experiment consists of (30) teachers who score low on the scale. They are randomly distributed on three groups ( two experimental groups and one controlled group), (10) in each one, where the equalization has been conducted. After applying the program on the two experimental groups, the scale has been applied of the three groups (the post-test). The results show the following:
a- The dialogue style has an impact in developing the academic adaptation of female married teachers.
b- The dialogue style has an impact in developing the academic adaptation of female married teachers.
In the light of results, the researcher has put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Mr. Tajuddin was one of the prominent Alawite personalities who lived during the fall of the Abbasid state and the coming of the Eilkhani rule, which replaced the Abbasid state. He played a prominent role in confronting the Mongol invasion through the ideas he presented and was able to deal with this invasion and the intellectual gravity he brought to the Islamic world through debates And the religious councils, although the rule of the axiom and the historical year agreed by most scientists and historians is that the dominant nation imposing its culture on the defeated nation, and also agree that this rule will not be embroiled only in the Mongol invasion of the Muslim countries, The Mongols surrendered and relinquished their culture. The reason for this is the efforts made by the Shiite scholars, most notably Mr. Tajuddin. In the sectarian rivalry that took place upon the arrival of each new Khan, the Shiites were able to appear on the surface with the efforts of Mr. Taj Eddin, The doctrine of the front and its successivity on the rest of the Islamic doctrines and became the official doctrine in the whole of the Eilachian state

Summary
The phenomenon of street children is a great danger because it has a direct impact on social life, economic and security, and therefore we would like to highlight the most important causes and social effects that lead to this phenomenon; the identification and diagnosis of the cause leads to finding and discovering the solution and treatment. The causes of the phenomenon of street children are the breakdown of the family: One of the most important factors leading to the phenomenon of street children, such forms of disintegration (abandonment, violence against children or one of the parents to the other, divorce), leads to the child's resort to the street, feel that those on the street Closer to those who are at home. Economic pressures on the family pose many of the negative psychological and social problems of these children
The main objectives of the study
1.identify the causes leading to the phenomenon of street children
2.identify the effects of this phenomenon
3.the most prominent repercussions resulting from the phenomenon of street children
4.the most prominent treatments required by the current phase to eliminate this phenomenon
The study dealt with several axes of the study of the causes of the phenomenon of street children and what their consequences and the most important diseases that can be infected to the most important rights that should be enjoyed by these children and treatments, and the study has reached many recommendations of them
1.Protecting street children through activating the laws and legislations for the protection of children in Iraq and giving children of displaced families special attention and supporting children's programs for children's parents.
2.Protection of marginalized street children through the development of the monitoring mechanism of those who exploit them and support the inspection and follow-up units to monitor this situation
3.Activation of the compulsory education law in all governorates and districts of Iraq all
4.Eliminating unemployment and supporting the families of victims of displacement and terrorism, especially in the liberated areas of the grip and provide support for material, psychological and social
5.Pay attention to the orphans of Iraq and provide support and support by the State at all levels of physical, psychological, social and security

The political rupture and the military conflict that took place in the Near East between the various Islamic forces created a climate suitable for the local princes, so he took everything under his hand, dealt with his problems and his own affairs and went to the side with which he had his interest, and sought to expand his property beyond the borders of his territory at the expense of his neighbors other princes, In light of the weakness of the political association between these entities, among them Aqeelin, which witnessed great political and military activity under the reign of Prince Sharaf Muslim state of Quraish, as the state expanded and included a wide range of Mosul and the island and the Levant.

he course of the linguistic curriculum and its impact on the development of creative thinking in the grammar of the Arabic language in the fifth grade pupils

Abstract
The current study is aimed at introducing the drama of the linguistic curriculum and its impact on the development of creative thinking in the grammar of the Arabic language in the pupils of the elementary elementary grade.
To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated the following hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference between the mean of the experimental group and the control group in the post-cognitive test of creative thinking at the level of significance (0,05(.
The current study was determined by: (2017-2018 school year), primary schools at the Directorate of Education of Rusafa III, grammatical concepts found in the branches of the Arabic language for the first three grades of the primary stage.
The research community consists of students of the fifth grade of primary school who study Arabic in the schools of the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Rusafa 3, for the academic year 2017-2018 (12003) students distributed to (112) primary schools according to information obtained by the researcher from the Directorate General Education.
The "Saba" school was chosen in a deliberate manner. It was chosen from the fifth grade, (b) to be the experimental group, which teaches Arabic grammar in a descriptive manner. The number of students in Division (B) was (43) and the number of students in Division (A) (43) students, after the exclusion of students who failed.
The researcher prepared a test in creative thinking of (40) paragraphs and was verified the validity and the coefficient of difficulty, and the strength of discrimination and stability. The researcher used the following statistical methods in his research procedures and analysis of the results: (T-test of two independent samples, square (Ca 2), Pearson correlation coefficient, and Kronbach-alpha equation).
The researcher studied the two groups of research in the experiment, which lasted a full semester, applied at the end of the study tools, the results showed the following:
The students of the experimental group, who studied in a methodological manner, surpassed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in grammatical subjects.
In light of the findings of the present study, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including:
First: The style of the syllabus of the language curriculum is one of the effective teaching methods in the teaching of the (Arabic grammar) for the fifth grade pupils of the primary stage, the average achievement of students who were taught in this method is higher than the average of students who were taught in the traditional way, Students of both sexes achieved almost equal achievement, indicating that the gender of the student was not an influential variable in the teaching of Arabic grammar by the syllabus of the language curriculum.
2. The style of the linguistic curriculum leads to a variety of methods of presentation of grammatical subjects, resulting in a marked increase in the motivation of students in language fluency.
In light of this, the researcher made a number of recommendations related to the study results, including:
1- Adopting the method of the linguistic curriculum in teaching Arabic grammar for students in the fifth grade of the primary stage because of its impact on their achievement.
2. Emphasize the importance of the method of explaining the language curriculum in the teacher preparation curricula, leading to a good understanding of this method.
3. Preparing a booklet for teachers that includes a number of theater performances and an explanation of how to prepare, use and evaluate them.
In order to complete the following research, the researcher suggested conducting similar studies for the current study:

This study deals with the retailment of two captive crusaders, Baldwin de Burg, and Joscelin de Courtenay, who were captivated imprisoned during the Battle of Harran (1102 A.D /497 A.H) which took place between Muslims and the Crusaders .The study focuses on the details of this captivity within the writings of the two historians: Anon. Syrian chronicler who represents the view of the Assyrians of the Crusades and, on other side, Ibn Al –Athir(D.630 A.H/1232 A.D) representing the Islamic side about this event.The narrations provided by these two historians were the most detailed tha writings that deals with the period of Crusades. The Anon. Syrian chronicler, whom we know little About, him . may be a religion man who was an eye witness during the events (583-635A.H/1187-1237 A.D) and provided details about these two Captives.

The end of the nineteenth century had witnessed the beginning of water agreements about the Nile river when most of the Nile Basin countries were under foreign domination. Most of these agreements were aimed at the colonial countries for the purpose of achieving their interests, which lasted more than half a century. After these countries had got their independence, they refused these agreements. As a result of these developments, the issue of the Nile waters has become a major concern at the official, academic and media levels. The Ethiopian demands in the waters of the Nile have been central to this crisis for many reasons, foremost of which is that Ethiopia is the most important country in terms of its contribution to the Nile River, which contributes about 80% of the Nile water revenues. Therefore, the researcher dealt with the crisis of the Nile water during the period (1891-1999), which began with the protocol of 1891 and ended at the initiative of 1999, using the historical approach and the analytical method to cause the crisis.

The aim of the research was to identify the degree of psychological anxiety among the students of the fifth year in the performance of the exam. The research sample consisted of 150 students with 75 students and 75 students from the fifth grade preparatory school in Dhi Qar Governorate Education Department In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the measure of anxiety (Abu Arab, 1994). This measure was chosen without jealousy because its paragraphs cover all forms and types of exam anxiety consisting of (52) The validity and consistency of the scale were verified and the statistical analysis package (SPSS) was adopted for use Production results showed the results:
1. The students of the fifth grade suffer from examination anxiety.
2. The students of the fifth preparatory school feel more concerned about the exam than male students.
3. The students and students of scientific specialization have an examination concern more than students of literary specialization.
The research recommended the following:
1. Not to intimidate the students during the performance of the exam, but to inform them of acceptance and affection and good human relationship and relieve psychological pressure as much as possible.
2. Trying to change the methods used in teaching by the professor and not to use the threat and stop exaggeration.
3. Develop and enhance students' self-confidence in their potential, progress and success in the future.
4. Attention to the psychological preparation of students and the use of psychological tests as an objective means to assess the situation of students.

The study is based on the study of French attitudes towards North America and its rival to Britain and Spain in establishing colonies there, which eventually succeeded in establishing a group of colonies, most notably Louisiana in 1699, which was a milestone in the history of colonial France in North America. Has been forced to give up Louisiana to Spain, which despite its control of Mexico and most of Central and South America, has not yet entered into a military confrontation with Britain since the defeat of the Spanish Armada before the length of the British in 1588. Therefore, this paper examines the general frameworks that Louisiana underwent since it was founded in 1699 and even sold by France to the United States of America in 1803. The historical developments that Louisiana experienced during the French and Spanish periods, On the circumstances that paved the way for the United States to buy them. The importance of the research subject to several reasons necessarily called for the study was the most important historical extension of those developments, which was a result of the political conditions, social and economic accumulated since the beginning of the sixteenth century when the European geographical discoveries began to the new world, which led to competition between European countries, especially Britain, France and Spain, On the territory of the Americas and established a wide range of colonies entered among themselves in political, economic and social rivalry led to the creation of a series of wars in the New World, most notably the Seven Years War, the American War of Independence, The Louisiana colony, which had a strategic position on Mississippi and controlled the navigation of that river until it formed a pressure sheet on Britain during the seven-year war. This made Britain press France to give it to Spain under the Paris Treaty Not only that, but opened new channels of commerce with Central American and Latin American countries, and established a number of cities and commercial centers in the colony to facilitate the exchange of commercial goods with their commercial agents, let alone sell them Has formed a group of alliances with the Indian tribes living in the colony, those tribes that were a source of concern to the French authorities before 1763, as well as opening the way for British and American immigrants to settle in the colonial cities, which created an advanced stage of social mobility which led to an increase in the number Population, and led to the economic development of the colony so that it became a difficult political turning point in the region.

This study is an attempt to discuss the Arabs and the Muslims role in writing history in Muslim Spain which was also called Al-Andalus. This subject, however, is a very wide one, therefore, a quick survey is given of the rise and development of the historical writing in Muslim Spain and the principal historians. Then the study concentrates on one developed stage in which the family of Al-Razi emerged as factor in developing the writing of history. Ahmad Al-Razi, in particular, who is the main member of the family because of his voluminous output in the field of history.

The clothes and fashion occupied a great place in the lives of people during the Abbasid times, the successive ones that were used to them on their island before the succession to the Levant in the time of the Umayyad, or the return of the Caliphate to Baghdad after the revolution of Bani Abbas, ranging from the Simple Spartan, Renewal and art through the friction of the Arabs with the people of the countries that opened them when the expansion of the Islamic state. The clothes were different in kind, material, shape and color from one country to another and from one class to the other. They are not to conceal the nakedness or preserve the body from the vicissitudes of the seasons, but have become a reason to boast and boasting of the accompanying boasting and development in the industry and a multiplicity of names and mixing with Persian and Turkish cultures, The light on the development, color and sophistication in the industry we conducted this research.

The administrative system in Iraq in 1959 witnnessed significant changes in The level of its organizational and functional structure and its economic and service functions ,and to high light the most important administrative (ministerial) deveiopmwnts in the economic and service in the history of contemporary Iraq , the researchers specialized in this study , which focused on the joints of the structure of the structure of the Iraq state created after afull year of the revolotion of 14 july 1958 , the subject of the topic is asked for three parts and an introduction and a conclusion , the first part dealt with the historical back ground of the structure of the administrative (ministerial) in Iraq before 1959 , the second part dealt with the study of the administrative (ministerial) economic structure that was introduction in 1959. The third part covered the administrative (ministerial) structure of service that was introduced in the same year .

We know that the philosophy is the systematic attempt to gain insight and understanding of the nature and value of live and reality . And this field consist of many fields . I mean classical and new fields of philosophy.
One of the most important new fields is philosophy of science . This field improve with contemporary age. Which deal with many methods especially with experimental method or empirical way , which in turn dependent on natural sciences and other field. In this research I'll explain how that method made some important achievements in chemistry and medicine sciences in contemporary period.

This study seeks to identify social Security from the first year to the eleventh year of Hijra when the Prophet lived in Al Medina Al Munawarah . Besides , this paper attempts to define the term ' social security ' through the evidence of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah and the Constitution of Medina and stands for its ingredients. The researcher used the historical and descriptive analytical methods to confirm that AlMadinah Almunawarah during the leadership of Prophet lived a period of peace , collective security , times of tranquility and tranquility in all the souls of its citizens of all components , sects and religions thanks to the power of Justice, equality, freedom, power . Islam with its economic , social, political and intellectual systems created a unique regime since its early days to give us the best model For community security. The study is concluded with a number of recommendations.

How can we talk about religious reform in an environment full of extremism and prejudice? What can reform represent among the right, the left, and the center? Is it a preservation of pure origin? Is it a paradox of what cannot be relevant to our reality? Is it a review of the problematic aspects only? Is the task of religious reform a religious or non-religious mission? How? Is reform possible without the need for political power or is it impossible without it?
These questions try to shape the problem of our research on religious reform and its relationship with the cultural, political, social, and religious authorities, as well as opening the door to reviews of ideas that accumulate in the Arab and Islamic mind in order to get rid of its setbacks, especially the latest terrorist image stereotyping. Our research attempts to approach the solutions to this problem according to the contemporary Arab and Islamic logic and to explore the possibility of having real or mock reform through several dimensions:
• Religious reform, a question about the concept:
• Mechanisms and platforms of religious discourse and reform ability:
• A - The intellectual dimension:
• Intellectual roots of extremist religious approach:
• The necessary treatments of extremist approach:
• Approach to religious text that produces a pluralism of truth:
• External impact on religious reform:
• Responding to the challenge of modernism:
• Responses of Islamists to the pressures of modernism:
• B - The political dimension:
• Politics and its impact on religious reform:

The objective of the current research is to find out the STSE issues contained in the content of physics textbooks for the intermediate stage and to measure the extent to which STSE students have access to the STSE. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared a list of STSE issues, In physics and the methods of teaching it and on some of the supervisors and teachers of the subject. Thus, the list consisted of (8) main issues: (air quality and atmosphere, energy shortage, nuclear reactors, war technology, pollution of various types, Development (58) sub-issues. The researchers then analyzed the content of physics textbooks for the intermediate stage in the academic year (2016-2017) based on the list that was prepared and adopted the idea of a unit of registration and repetition of the census unit. In addition to the second objective, the researchers prepared a test for the physics teachers, whose sections were determined by the analysis tool. They were developed in three areas: cognitive field, consisting of (23) paragraphs, behavioral field consisting of (10) paragraphs, Type of multiple choice and domain Harry is composed of (10) paragraphs and has been given five alternatives (strongly agree, OK, neutral, disagree, disagree strongly). The test is in its initial form of 43 paragraphs, and verified its authenticity by presenting it to a group of experts and specialists , And after taking the views of the researchers became the test consists of (40) paragraph, and to ensure the clarity of the wording of the paragraphs and fit for the teachers of physics, and to extract the characteristics of the sciometric test paragraphs and to calculate the time required for the test, the researchers applied the test on the survey sample consisting of (56) They were selected in a random drag mode and were subsequently corrected The tests were applied to (70) teachers and schools randomly selected from Schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education Wasit Governorate. The researchers adopted some statistical methods, including the Cooper equation, the equation of the square of Kai, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the T-test of one group, the test of two groups. The results were shown using Microsoft Excel 2007, Statistical Social Science Program (SPSS-23) as well as duplicates and percentages:
1- The main issue (science and technology) the highest proportion in the books of physics combined (43.83%), while did not get the main issue (technology wars) to any repetition
2-The book of physics for the second intermediate grade is the most interested in the main issue (science and technology) as the percentage of (36.3%) and the book was the first row the average least interested in this issue as it was (2.74%) while the rate in the third row average ( 4.8% ).
percentage recommended by the experts recommended (80)% 3-The level of performance of teachers in the test was less than the
In the light of the results of the research, the researchers recommended the need to balance the inclusion of S.T.S.E. issues in the content of the three books, and to include issues that did not have a good share of the content and in proportion to the spoken percentages of the experts. To complement the study, the researchers suggested
1-Conducting two studies to analyze the content of physics books in the preparatory stage and science books in the primary stage according to S.T.S.
Conducting a study of the effectiveness of design educational 2-educational proposal based on the issues (S.T.S.E) in the achievement and environmental awareness and scientific enlightenment.
3- Conducting comparative studies of books of science and physics and the various stages of study in Iraq for the pre-university grades according to the issues of S.T.S. and comparing them with parallel books in the regional and foreign countries.

Research Summary
The research consists in dealing with the foundations of the construction of the cinematic image, which is the circulation of the mark in the construction of the cinematic image and the artistic methods that define this structure in order to achieve an aesthetic factor of the film. The presentation of a rhetorical form based on the foundations of cinematic or cinematicism is a necessary necessity and the identity of the film, To the use of material, intellectual and artistic efforts for the production of films based on highlighting the rhetoric of techniques and dialogue and influences, etc. After these films have become very important in enhancing the visual narrative of the film film industry of this type of film based on I And the structure of the relationship between the elements of cinematic language and the structure of the narrative imagination of the structural units that make the film.
This is included in the research across the five chapters that the researcher divided
Chapter I: a systematic framework for research and included the problem of research and the need to identify the problem of research by the question of how to use the tag Tadawalia in the construction of cinematic image and the most prominent techniques in this area ??
Chapter II: It included the theoretical framework for research and indicators and the most important previous studies ... This chapter included three topics
The first topic: the deliberative ... the convention and the concept in the language terminology in addition to the approaches and concept in cinema
The second subject: the mark in the cinema
The third topic: where the circulation of the mark in the film
The research will have to summarize the indicators to guide the analysis of samples were indicators, which underwent the evaluation of an elite of experts and the extent of the search contained analyzes
The fourth chapter included an analysis of the sample. In Chapter 5, the final results of the analysis, which included a complete conception of the film, which came to answer the goals presented by the research and from the conclusions derived from the research results, were obtained. The films are complete, The language of the cinematographer also included a list of sources and references relied on by the researcher in the conduct of scientific research.

Services have recently maintained importance and distinction for the inhabitants of the city, especially after the progress of civilization that human communities witness, the development of techniques and means used to supply and support such services, the accelerating growth and development of the city which has necessitated providing various services –or rather, it has become part of standards, criteria and features of civilization that nations pass through. Significantly, it should be noted that services be sufficient, qualitative and quantitative as a standard of technological and sophisticated development considering the correlativity. Services of various sectors are immutable to the city life and are difficult to fully cover due to their broad diversity.

Abstract:
The view points of the Jews and the Samaritans are, in essence one, there are only some diminutive aspects that they vary by because the fundamental doctrine is from Israel; they have disagreed with each other on incidents of the most important. The Samaritan doctrine adopted spiritual ideas for its sensitivity to the faith. Regarding their latest time and the appearance era more than the Jews who tried to close the pathway, in front of the thought of the Savior descendants of the sons of Ishmael and said that Christ peace be upon him. We also note the difference between the Samaritans and the Jews in the issue of evil spirits, and the latest time and prophecies’ for the expected promised despite the different Samaria and the Jews in the legitimacy of affiliation of Imam Al Mahdi, who guides the world to the path of truth.

Abstract
Reducing Iraq's military expenditure - about 10 % of GDP- after the elimination of ISSI is one of the most difficult problems facing a decision maker. It is difficult to reduce the number of senior members whose salaries exceed 17 trillion dinars, which constitutes 76% of the total military expenditure, on the other hand, it is not feasible to limit the rest of the items of military expenditure, Because they make up only a small percentage.
Therefore, decision-makers have no choice but to recruit and appoint armed forces to serve development tasks such as infrastructure, business, industry or agricultural sector projects. This was the case in many countries with large military institutions and large military spending

The heinous crimes of terrorism cause heavy losses of lives, properties and gross violations of all human values and human rights. Consequently, the fight against terrorism has taken on a global dimension, prompting the international community to enact new rules and adopt strict measures in that confrontation. In the light of this confrontation and its outcomes at the internal level of the countries' legal systems, some strict measures and intrusive methods have been used by authorities around the world; and thus, in this research, attempt has been made to assess the compatibility of these measures with fair trial standards and their seriousness in securing the safety of persons who are facing criminal proceedings in the legal systems. The study also attempts, through verification of the adequacy of the current Iraqi criminal justice process, to examine whether the approach of Iraqi legislature meets the requirements of criminal confrontation against terrorist crimes or not.
Therefore, research on this subject is important in order to arrive at the correct strategy while dealing with terrorist crimes. In order to take into account the different aspects of the subject, the study is divided into four sections, the first dealing with the position of international law and human rights rules, the second concerned with the position of national legislation, and the third is dealing with the balance between confronting terrorism and the requirements of human rights. Finally, the fourth section highlights the position of our Iraqi legislature.

Abstract
The International Trading Organization define Electronic Trading as a comprehensive group of dealing processes, establishing the commercial links and the completion of promoting the producing, distributing, marketing and selling the final products electronically. So it is matter of purchasing process via Internet and other international channels.
If this is so, the contracts of the electronic trading can possibly be defined as a sort of agreement comparable with the acceptance or objection on a remote network as well as it is an agreement positively by selling things or services expressed by visual and radio broadcasting mediated by an international communications. Then accepted by information systems with each other. That means, the contracts of electronic trading is to some extent positive expressed within the frame of services, i.e. services of automatic remote communications among the information systems. That is naturally a private sector of services and/or marked-origin midst of remote network. The latter means any type of transforming, shifting, transmission, receiving, signals, writing, sounds, dialing, and information or any other type of wire or wireless.