Journal of Education for Humanities

The research aimed at identifying the intermediate and preparatory school students’ level of understanding of linguistic metaphors. and highlighting any developmental differences with regard to gender (males / females). specialization (scientific / literary). and stage (second intermediate up to fifth preparatory). The sample included (260) participants divided equally on both genders. (100) of which are intermediate school students. and (160) are preparatory school students. The researcher prepared the measuring tool that is composed of (20) metaphors. All participants were asked to write down their interpretation (semantic significance) next to each metaphor to demonstrate their understanding. Face validity and reliability were authenticated by finding the reliability between two examiners (the researcher and other examiner). The results indicated the existence of a developmental path in metaphor understanding as students' progress from one stage to the next. despite the edge that literary fourth preparatory students had over the scientific fourth and fifth preparatory students. and the edge that the literary fifth preparatory students had over all other stages in the same fashion.

For Arabs, prose is an important element besides poetry, as it is a communicative and communicative medium in their speech and literature. The era, and it has its goals, objectives and moments for which it is written, for there are safety vows, state covenants and other types of covenants imposed by the new nature of life in the Abbasid era, and these covenants were written in an artistic and literary style, depending on verbal decorations and suggestive meanings, as it is among the official documents Inside the Abbasid state, unlike the Brotherhood’s letters and other prose messages that were known during this era.

This research dealt with: (Explanation of the beginning of Surat An-Nisa with the readings above fourteen) and by the readings above the fourteen we mean the excluding the ten correct readings and the exception of the four irregular ones that Ibn Al-Jazari collected in his publication. The Qur’an, its interpretation and its impact in the context of the verses in Surat An-Nisa, and the meanings it added, and its study is an analytical study by clarifying its linguistic meaning according to the grammatical rules. Interpreting it with the incoming readings and then the effect of this reading in the legal ruling or in the grammar, then we mention the general result of this reading, and we noticed that there is no conflict between the meaning of these readings compared to the frequent reading, everything that was mentioned in it is a kind of diversity by stating the same meaning in several ways.

This study seeks to demonstrate the expressive value of the non required construction techniques, those techniques which suffered the neglect of the early rhetoricians, they didn’t gave it much care of studying and analysis, scholars and rhetoricians believe that the reason for this neglect is that most of these methods were originally news transmitted to the construction, do not go for metaphorical meanings, don’t give the speech ,in which it comes, more than the intended meaning which is for praise, slander, exclamation, swear, contract words or begging.
We see that the early rhetoricians don’t justice these methods with this judgement, while it covers a huge expressive value that adds meanings to the text which contribute it’s s significant by it’s artistic and objective component.
We chose praise and slander method to analyze the Quran addresses in which it comes, to show the expressive value and discursive energy that this method is carrying that participate in guiding the text’s meaning. We noticed through it’s context it expresses about glorify, encouragement, intimidation, attention or other metaphorical meanings.

The research aims to identify "The reality of using technological innovations in teaching from the point of view of the professors of the University of Salahaddin" and to verify the goal of the research; the researcher formulated two null hypotheses about using technological innovations. The researcher used the descriptive method in the research, the research community is the faculty members in the College of Education and the College of Basic Education / University of Salahaddin for the year (2021-2022), and the research sample consisted of (30) professors, (15) professors in the College of Education (8) of males and (7) of females, and (15) professors in the College of Basic Education (8) males and (7) females, In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on a scale Olimat( 2014) and its apparent validity was extracted, which amounted to (80%), and its stability was confirmed by retesting, and it reached (0.85). And the scale in its final form consisted of (20) valid paragraphs. To measure the use of technological innovations and after the researcher processed the data statistically (spss) using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test for one sample and two samples, the researcher reached the following results:
1. The difference is statistically significant, and here there are moral differences in the College of Education, the basis for the use of technological innovations in teaching.
2. The difference is not statistically significant, and here there are no significant differences between the sexes for the use of technological innovations in teaching because the use of educational innovations is students who understand concepts more quickly and more professors organize the scientific material.

The research showed that there is a spatial and temporal variation of the phenomenon of polygamy in the study area, as its percentage reached (7.1%) in 1997, while the percentage increased in 2021 to become (20.6%) of the total married to another wife, and the spatial discrepancy between the administrative units of the phenomenon appeared. Polygamy in relation to the environment, as the percentage in the urban areas of the study area was (5%) in 1997, while it was recorded in the countryside (9%), while the percentage was recorded (16%) in the urban area, while the rural rate was (26.2%) for the year 2021.

God has made a covenant for scientists to spread science and not to discreet it. They were tasked to Promote Virtue and Prevent vice. And the skillful scientist employs his\ her knowledge in achieving God's satisfaction, and raising the people's awareness. And here, we find one of them, the sheikh of Islam in the Ottoman Empire, in his reign. As aforementioned, his knowledge was harnessed in raising people's awareness and guiding them to the goodness. This research aims to identify the life of the author of this manuscript and his career. In fact, the importance of this research is that this manuscript has never been studied before. The research recommends reconsidering the possibility of completing the unrealized manuscripts. Therefore, this is a revival of our Arab nation's Islamic heritage. In addition to that, it completes what Al-Zamakhshari has done before in his book "Gold Collars" where the author followed his approach and he copied a hundred articles. To carry out this study, scientific approach was used.

Arabic proverbs are an important source of Arabic prose in particular and Arabic literature in general, as each proverb is related to an incident or story that has already occurred, Therefore, generations recall it with every event whose content shares the story of the summoned proverb. In this sense, our poet Fitian Al Shaaghouri hired proverb in various purposes of poetry and in a poetic language that gives the text a variety of richness. It may be stated in two ways: the first intersects with the proverb in composition and content, and the second corresponds to the proverb in content or formation with the presence of omissions, increase or presentation in the context of the quoted proverb. The research found that the poet had employed parables to achieve his purpose as a means to those ends, by which he summed up long stories or events of the past that had been shortened by them and intersected by immediate events in content and meaning that the poet recalled when necessary.

The uses of transport were and still are the most important base and infrastructure structures for cities. as the research aims to analyze the reality of land uses in general and the uses of transport in the city of Mosul. and to diagnose their efficiency in meeting the needs of the population. And that this variation in the uses of the land affects in one way or another in the generation of trips within the city. so the street network is directly affected by all the uses of the land within the city. especially as the uses that compete with each other. Urban. as it is the feeding artery that connects the various parts of the city and its uses. that is. responsible for the movement of life in the city with all its economic. social and cultural activities and activities.

This research aims to track the problem of water resources and its repercussions on Iraq’s foreign policy towards Turkey in light of the worsening indicators of the current and future water deficit, because the problem of water resources is the most important problem of the outstanding geographical reality between Iraq and Turkey, which makes it imperative for the Iraqi political decision maker to redouble efforts and grant the crisis Water is more important in order to reach solutions at the level of internal and external policy, because the use of water geopolitics by the riparian countries on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in general and Turkey in particular constitutes a threat to Iraqi national security.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the thinking maps strategy on the achievement of fifth grade literary students in Islamic education.
To achieve the goal of the research. the researcher set a null hypothesis. and to verify the hypothesis of the research. a random sample was chosen from the research community. which consisted of fifth-grade literary students in the city of Mosul for the first course of the academic year (2021- 2022). And control. with (40) students for the experimental group that studied according to the thinking maps strategy. (40) students for the control group that studied in the usual way.
The researcher used the experimental design with two equal groups and performed the equivalence process on the two research groups in the variables of age in months. average of the previous year. degree of Islamic education. intelligence quotient. analytical thinking test.
Achieving the goal of the research required the preparation of the research tool. and it was an achievement test consisting of (30) multiple-choice test items and a limited-answer essay.
The experiment started on Sunday (14/11/2021) and continued until Sunday (16/1/2022). after data collection and statistical analysis using the t-test for two independent samples. The results showed the following:
There is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the thinking maps strategy and the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test.
In light of the results of the research. the researcher came out with a number of conclusions. including that the strategy (thinking maps) had a role in improving and raising the achievement level of fifth-grade literary students in Islamic education. Extracurriculars to enhance their self-confidence and develop their creative abilities. To complement the current research. the researcher put forward proposals for future research. including the impact of the thinking maps strategy on the achievement of first-grade intermediate students in Islamic education and the development of Islamic values for them.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the flipped learning strategy on the achievement of fourth-grade students in the Arabic language subject," and for the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the researcher put the following null hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the flipped learning strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the usual method in the achievement test.
The researcher chose the research sample intentionally from the research community and it consisted of students of the fourth scientific grade in Abdulaziz Abdullah Preparatory School for Boys and Al-Shafei Preparatory School for Boys in the city center of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022), and the total number of its members was (70) students, where the research sample was divided It was divided into two experimental groups, which numbered (36) students, and a control group, which numbered (34) students. The researcher used the experimental design with equal groups, and conducted the equivalence process between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables that included: (age calculated in months, intelligence quotient, Arabic language degree for the previous year, the general average for the third grade average). The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (20) paragraphs of the type of multiple choice and (5) paragraphs of articles with a specific answer, and the test was characterized by honesty and reliability, and the results concluded that the use of the flipped learning strategy affected the achievement of the students of the experimental group, and in light of the results of the research, the researcher reached some Conclusions and put a number of recommendations and proposals.

The jurists differed about the hadith of Qafiz-al-tahan, which is the prohibition of giving wheat to the miller with part of the flour that he grinds. From the apparent, and they argued by analogy with watering and farming that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, treated the people of Khaybar with half of what came out of it, while the Malikis went to detail, that is: if what comes out was known at the time of the contract, they permitted it, and if what came out was unknown at the time of the contract they prevented it for ignorance with a fee.

The basic structure of the poem is one of the main pillars of the poetic production. It may reflect the poet’s vision and the way he deals with the issues raised in the mind. It also reflects aspects of the social and intellectual life of the era. Most of the poetry, and it seems that it has become an uncommon practice to contradict it, as well as it can be seen the convergence of most critical theories on defining the term construction or structure, or structure in poetic work, as the development and growth of the unity of artistic work in poetic production. The term construction may take different connotations in order to prove the presence of the internal unity in the poetic text that is an emphasis on defining its features and technical characteristics. The formal aspect of the poem is one of the closest literary connotations to defining the term construction. Through the artistic form, the construction is distinguished from the fabric, although both are manifestations of the general form of the poem or the poetic text, and the form is manifested in the light that is through the logical interdependence between the parts of the poetic text, and from within it. The language represented by the poetic style has an active role in understanding the artistic structure within the poem starting from its introduction to its end. Through this research, it has been decided to reveal the structural property of the poem with multiple themes and to show the interdependence of its parts according to the poets.

The city of Kufa is one of the important centers in Islamic history due to the position that it has distinguished since its emergence in the era of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate. This study included two sections, where the first section dealt with the social aspects in the city of Kufa in terms of the population elements that have descended on Kufa since its establishment from the Arab tribes and other elements. As for the second topic, it dealt with the political aspects and the battles and political events that Kufa witnessed, which made Kufa a place of political instability in most cases, as well as the intellectual aspects of the sciences and knowledge that Kufa was famous for.

The current research aims to know the effect of the flexible groups strategy in acquiring historical concepts among first-grade intermediate students. The researcher used the experimental design with two equal groups: one experimental and the other a control. The experimental group (which studied using the flexible group strategy) and the number of students was (35) students, and the control group, which is Division (B), which studied using the usual method, and the number of students in it was (35) students, and the research sample group amounted to (70) male and female students. The researcher is equivalence between the two groups in the following variables: the intelligence test, the chronological age of the students, calculated in months, the grades of the first course of the academic year (2020/2021), the level of fathers' learning and the level of mothers' learning.
For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a test of historical concepts consisting of (30) paragraphs of the type of multiple choice, then to ensure the apparent validity of the test by presenting it to a committee of arbitrators, and the stability of the choice reached (0.893), which is high stability.
The results showed the effectiveness of the flexible groups strategy in acquiring historical concepts among first-grade intermediate students.

The study deals with the phenomenon of elision which is considered as one of the most accurate aspects in grammar and rhetoric and the most relevant to the speech of the naturally-speaking persons and to operate thought. Perhaps for this reason , Sibawayhi and Abdalqahir Jerjani increase their examples and evidences wherever they speak about elision without mentioning rules to be followed by the researchers as in the chapter of hysteron proteron. Thus, elision may occur in subject , predicate , the verb and its belongings , the described and adjective , in sentence elision , or in elision of the sentence of condition answer or etc.

The current research aims to identify the effect of integrating the (interfering waves and k.w.l) strategies on the acquisition of the fourth scientific students with physical concepts
The main hypothesis of the research: It states that “there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group students and the control group students in acquiring physical concepts".
The research sample consisted of (64) female students from the fourth scientific students in Rashidiya Preparatory School for Girls / the left side of the city of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022) who were intentionally chosen from the research community, and they were distributed into two groups, one of which represented the experimental group consisting of (32) students who studied By integrating the two strategies (interfering waves and k.w.l), and the other represented the control group consisting of (32) students who studied in the usual way, and the process of equivalence was conducted between the students of the two research groups in the variables (general average of the third intermediate grade.
To achieve the aim of the research , the researcher prepared tool, test of acquiring physical concepts consisting of (30) paragraphs that varied between matching and multiple choice, distributed equally on (10) physical concepts, each of which took the three elements of the concept: (definition, example, application) and its validity and stability were verified, as well as the psychometric properties of its paragraphs
To implement the research experiment, the researcher prepared a number of teaching plans according to the integration of the strategies (interfering waves and k.w.l) and the usual method, and the researcher implemented her experiment by herself in the first course of the academic year (2022-2021) starting on Saturday (20/11/2021). Until Tuesday (18/1/2022), and after the end of the experiment, the data were collected and analyzed statistically using the t-test for two independent samples. The results showed the following :
There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average acquisition of physical concepts among the experimental and control groups.
In light of the research results, the researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recmmendations and suggestions .

The research tried to identify the most prominent jobs that were assigned to members of the Arab Islamic community in India, the circumstances of their assumption and the justifications for assigning them in various Indian kingdoms to the arrivals from the Muslim Arabs. He tried to address the most prominent results of those jobs and their importance within the Indian political and administrative job hierarchy.

This research aims to reveal the most prominent poetic transformations in the poem (In Jerusalem) by the poet Tamim Barghouti. These transformations have an impact on shaping the semantic structure of the text, and these formal transformations are intertwined with the textual theme on which the poet built his poem in an attempt to add an artistic value to the objective value of the poem.

The Holy Qur’an is replete with meanings and connotations in various fields, and since administrative terms and management concepts are not addressed in an independent research, the title of this research was ((Entrance to administrative words in the Holy Quran- Semantic study)).
The aim of the research is to identify some aspects of the administrative miracle, and the link between the words and verses of the Qur’an and the principles of management science.
We divided the research into nine areas: the field of industry and urbanization, the field of state and politics, and so on. Each field included a number of administrative terms, and we analyzed one term from each field.
The research methodology necessitated that we first begin by clarifying the meaning of the word from the books of lexicons and terminology, then mentioning one verse in which the word was mentioned, then a brief statement about the verse and the principles and administrative concepts contained therein from the books of interpretation and the miracles of the Qur’an and its sciences, Quranic studies, administrative research and others.

The title is the main focus in narrative texts, which links the writer on the one hand, the text on the one hand, and the reader on the one hand, and the title has the power of brevity and condensation in its structured form. To calm and stability, and as the title contributes to defining the creative work and presenting its impression about the narrative text, the title has several functions, including the teaser and the suggestive, and these functions cannot be limited because each function does its own work as it is the identity of the narrative text. Also, the title is a spider web that extends its threads in the text through which the guiding role of the reader in reading, analysis and interpretation is played.

This study deals with the most important political, military, and administrative implications that were mentioned in the book Al-Musnad Al-Sahih Al-Hassan in the Mathrom-Mahasin of Maulana Abi Al-Hassan. He is Sultan Ali bin Othman bin Yaqoub bin Abdul Haq Al-Marini, and he was close to him and revealed his secrets. He wrote this book out of love for him, and it is one of the important books that provide us with different information. The researcher in the history of the Islamic Maghreb can benefit from this information very usefully, which sheds light on the various aspects of the life of society in the Arab Maghreb, including the political, economic, social, scientific and religious aspects. This study highlights the most important of these implications.

Color is one of the most important natural phenomena, as the world has been decorated with different colors since the beginning of life, as they add a kind of beauty and pleasure to human life. During which the poet reveals his feeling. The semiotics of literature became one of the characteristics of the romantic school, which mimicked nature and described its beauty and praised women and their beauty, which led to the emergence of many literary models, or rather poetic, which we will explore in Amr bin Kulthum’s poetry.

The present study is an attempt to investigate empirically the effect of the eclectic approach on the Fourth Scientific Grade Female students’ achievement in English . A sample of 78 participants was chosen from the fourth scientific- grade students of Khadijatu Al- Kubra Preparatory School for Girls during the academic year 2021-2022. The Quasi-experimental design was adopted. The sample is distributed between two groups. The first group, i.e. the experimental group, group (B), includes (38) female students, whereas the control group, (group A), consists of (40) female students. The control group was taught according to the currently used method of teaching, namely the communicative approach while the experimental group was taught according to the eclectic approach. The experiment started on 26th of February and ended on the 7th of May , 2022; the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. In order to keep the teachers’ variable in the experiment under control, the researcher taught both groups herself. The achievement test was administered at the end of the experiment. In terms of the results arrived at, a number of recommendations and suggestions for further research are presented.

Time and the body, as they are poeticised in the poetic domain, have been relegated to the margins of postmodernist poetry since critics and scholars have not provided a full insight into these phenomena. This study examines the poems "Endpaper," "August," "Incipience," "Contradictions," "Rape," and "Diving into the Wreck" from Adrienne Rich's Selected Poems towards a comprehension of the temporal and corporeal representations in her works. This paper utilises postmodern concepts regarding time and the body. In Rich's poems, time represents a genuine existence from a psychological aspect. In addition, the poet's utopian feminist cultural identity reveals the body. The overall conclusion of the study is that Rich's poetry lacks an authentic feminist voice.