Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Purpose of Study: To examine the roughness of slots of three
ceramic brackets. Materials and Methods: Three ceramic
bracket types (Encore, Reflections and Inspire ICE). The
bottom of each slot of every bracket was selected for
evaluation and pictures were taken by optical microscopy at
magnification (20x) for a general estimation of the roughness.
Then the roughness parameters (Sa, Sq, St, Sz) of every slot
were examined in a 3D optical profilometer in a higher
magnification. Results: The picture from Optical microscope
gave a differences of textural morphology of brackets slots for
tested brackets. Metallic slots gave differences of grooves and
striations whereas plastic slots presented peaks and pits.
Inspire ICE showed the highest Sa and Sq value, statistically
higher than the other brackets tested. Reflections gave the
highest Sz and St values, which were statistically significant
higher than the other brackets, followed by Inspire ICE which
presented statistically significant higher values compared to
Encore. Conclusions:
The significant differences were
revealed through 3D-images and roughness parameters of
slots gives significantly different among the tested bracket.
Encore and exhibited low roughness parameters.

Background: The aim is to determine the concentrations of
serum Visfatin, and Endothelin -1, in obese Diabetes mellitus
type 2 patients in Tikrit city-Iraq. Patients and methods:
Ninety subjects include in the study, 35 patients diagnosed
with type -2 Diabetes mellitus and obese, while 35 patients
diagnosed with obese only and 20 healthy subjects as Control.
The study was carried out in Salah-Aldin Hospital in Salah
Aldin governorate from beginning of March to end of June
2019. Result: There was a significant increase in serum
Visfatin level in obese DMT2 (G1) & obese patients as
compare with healthy subjects (G3P ≤ 0.05 ). Moreover,
regarding endotheliun 1- there was a significant elevation in
ET-1 in obese DMT2 (G1) & obese patient as compare with
control subjects (G3P ≤ 0.01 ).

Clinicians face a major problem when a Nickel-Titanium
(NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments fracture occurs inside
the canal during treatment. It is time consuming for removal
of these separated instruments, in addition to its technical
difficulty. So for these reasons it is important to reduce the
risk of file fracture. As a sequel, several attempts have been
made to improve the mechanical features of NiTi rotary files,
like changes in speed of operation, changing the geometric
and dimensional characteristics, and several different metal
treatments. The revolution of new heat-treated NiTi
instruments opens a new era for basic, clinical and scientific
research. This article concerns mostly with environmental
and heat-treated factors, irrigation and type of rotation and
their effects on heat-treated NiTi instruments found in most
studies.

Recurrent herpes labialis is a worldwide life-long oral health
problem that remains unsolved. It affects approximately one
third of the world population and causes frequent pain and
discomfort episodes, as well as social restriction due to its
compromise of esthetic features. In addition, the available
antiviral drugs have not been successful in completely
eliminating the virus and its recurrence. Currently, different
kinds of laser treatment and different protocols have been
proposed for the management of recurrent herpes labialis.
Therefore, the aim of the present article was to review the
literature regarding the effects of laser irradiation on recurrent
herpes labialis in comparison to the effect of acyclovir. The
literature was searched with the aim of identifying the effects
on healing time, pain relief, interval of recurrence. According
to the literature, none of the laser treatment modalities is able
to
completely eliminate the lesion and its recurrence.
However, laser phototherapy appears to strongly decrease
pain and the interval of recurrences without causing any side
effects.

Inferior alveolar canal considered as one from the most
important vital structures exist in the mandible and any injury
to the (IAC) during the surgical procedures should be avoided,
knowing the exact position of the (IAC) can help in avoiding
the injury of the (IAC). The sample was consist of 100
patients divided into 2 main groups 1st group consist of 50
males (25 males dentulous, 25 males edentulous), and the 2nd
group consisted of 50 females (25 females before menopause
& 25 females after menopause). Two measurements were
taken the 1st from the crest of alveolar ridge to the superior
rim of the (IDC), and the 2nd from the inferior rim of (IDC) to
the lower border of the mandible in both right and left sides of
the mandible. Results: the stastical analysis of the distance
from the crest of alveolar ridge to the superior rim of the
(IDC) for both males & females groups showed that there
were highly significant difference between male (edentulous
versus dentulous) the mean values less in edentulous groups
,and female ( before menopause versus after menopause) the
mean values are greater in the ( before menopause ) groups,
the stastical analysis of the distance from the inferior rim of
(IDC) to the lower border of the mandible showed that the
mean values in case of dentulous in males groups was less in
edentulous group than dentulous group (right side) with non
significant difference while in the measurement of left side
the mean value was higher in the edentulous group with non
significant difference and in females groups the mean values
were greater in( before menopause) groups. Conclusion : it
can be concluded that the position of the inferior dental canal
heavy influenced by the due to the dental status ,due to the
teeth loss , age and hormonal changes affect the bone height
which is also affected by gender. the vertical distance from
the crest of the alveolar ridge to superior rim of (IAC)., the
vertical distance from the crest of the alveolar ridge to
superior rim of (IAC) , and the distance from lower rim of
(IAC) to the lower border of the mandible would be smaller
due to the effect of bone height.