Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Background: Self-polymerized acrylic resins are widely
utilized in dentistry. A higher residual monomer content is
seen after polymerization of denture base resins. The
literature showed that the ethanol solvent could rise the
leaching of residual monomer from the polymer. The purpose
of the current research was to investigate the influence of
ethanol addition on hardness and roughness of acrylic resins.
Materials and Methods: Sixty acrylic resin specimens were
prepared and were divided into 2 main sets due to the kind of
test used (surface hardness and surface roughness). There
were three groups according to the ethanol concentrations.
The first group was the control specimens with no ethanol,
the second group was loaded with 10 ml of ethanol; and the
third group was loaded with 15 ml of ethanol. The acrylic
specimens were measured using the Shore A Durometer
hardness and the surface roughness tester. Results: showed
that the addition of ethanol significantly decrease the surface
hardness of acrylic resins. The results indicated that there are
significant differences between groups (P< 0.0010).
However, no significant differences between 10ml and 15 ml
groups (P>0.05). For surface roughness test, no significant
differences were found among the studied groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The addition of ethanol to self-polymerized
acrylic resins would significantly decrease the hardness and
increases the surface roughness of acrylic resins.

Introduction: Soft lining material enhance the patient’s
comfort, its rough surface affect oral health, the risk with soft
reliners was difficult hygienic maintenance, sterilization by
microwave method more favor compared with chemicals
disinfections. Objective to study the effect of disinfection by
microwave irradiation at different exposure time on surface
roughness of long-term soft-liner material.
Material and Methods: 45 Specimens of long-term soft liner
were made in the form of square metal shaped pattern. The
preparation of mould was done by conventional procedures
according to manufacture instruction and divided into three
groups: GroupA control (without disinfection), Group B daily
disinfection by microwave for 5min at 650W and GroupC
daily disinfection by microwave for15min at 650W. The
specimens were irradiated daily for 15 days (both group
B&C). Roughness measurement were made for three groups
by profilometer device and analyzed by ANOVA ‘test.
Result show that high mean value surface roughness of long
term soft liner after expose to microwave disinfection for 15
min(Group C), and low mean value before expose to
microwave disinfection(Group A), there were highly
significant differences (P<0.01) among tested groups and there
was no significance difference (p>0.05) between control
Group with (Group B) 5 min disinfection, while the difference
was significance (p<0.05) between (Group C )15 min
disinfection with : (Group B) 5 min disinfection and with
(Group A )control group. Conclusions: the roughness of longterm soft-liner material was not adversely affected by
microwave disinfection at 5 min, there was no significant
differences with control group while adversely affected by
microwave disinfection at 15 min, there was significant
differences with control group also with group 5 min
disinfection.

Health is one of the major factor affect patients public life &
the majority of effects increase if patient prolong complaining
in their life due to excessive no. of visits& prolongation
duration of treatment with different types of treatments &
with no benefits. Make them with psychological problem, lost
part of their income with no results. Aims of the study
Decrease the load to the hospitals & health centers. Decrease
infection& contamination. Improve the life of the patient’s
especially low-income patient. Patients & methods. Data
collected by Standardized formula for all patients the data
obtained from patients attending maxillofacial clinic. All
patients fully examined through history &clinical
examination. Results. According to No. of visits Three visits
46% Four visits 24% five visits 20% Six & more visits 10%.
No. of patients According to Duration of complain 1-2months
20%, 2-3months36% ,3-4 months 30%, 4-5
months10%,6months&more4%. No. of patients According to
Type of feelings Fear 40% Anxiety 35% Insomnia 18% GIT
disturbances 7%. No. of patients According to the cost
generally 200-300$30% 300-400$50% 400-500$14% 500-
600$ 6%. Conclusion. Misdiagnosis &poor managements
may lead to increase no. of visits to hospitals & clinics &
these leads to increase attachment of patients so leads to
increase infection, contamination, coasts organic&
psychological problems with General health & Patient’s
public life &wasting time.

Background. The Eye is the most noticeable features of the
person face, the causes of ocular trouble may be congenital
anomaly or acquired, Prosthetic rehabilitation attempts to
restore these disfigurements to improve esthetic, function and
psychic statue of the patient. Objective of this in vitro study
were to estimate the effect using of various resin cements on
the shear bond strength between (Heat Clear Acrylic Resin
with Heat Clear Acrylic Resin) and (Heat Clear Acrylic Resin
with E-max Heat Press Veneer) for construction of artificial
scleral as a new technique. Material and Methods Clear heat
cure acrylic resin and Lithium disilicate ceramic ingots (IPS
E-max Heat Press Veneer) using for construction samples
study, total number are (50) samples rectangle shape for shear
bond strength test and using two types of adhesives the
conventional Glass ionomer cement and Breeze self -adhesive
resin cement for linked process. Results. One-way ANOVA
test was used to analyze the results, there was a high
statistically significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion the use of E-max heat press as a new technique
for construction of artificial scleral provide acceptable shear
bond strength when using Breeze self- adhesive resin.

Bonding between metal components and denture base resin
plays an important role in the success of removable partial
denture. Removable partial denture prostheses often
present a mechanical failure. The bonding between metal
framework and acrylic resin is usually a mechanical interlock,
since they do not chemical bond spontaneously. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface
treatments (diazonium salt and aluminum oxide) on the shear
bond strength of PMMA at the Co/Cr and titanium alloys
interface. Sixty-disc shape specimens were prepared and
divided into 2 main groups according to the type of material,
30 specimens for Co/Cr alloy and 30 specimens for titanium
alloy, then subdivided into 3 groups each one consist of 10
specimens, according to type of surface treatments. Each
group had control group, aluminum oxide group (110 μm),
and diazonium salt group. The specimens were thermocycled
(3000 cycles) after applications of PMMA. Shear bond
strength test conducted with crosshead speed 0.5mm/min.
Data analyzed via One-way ANOVA and GHD test. Co/Cr
alloy revealed that diazonium salt surface treatment had
highest mean value of shear bond strength followed by
aluminum oxide surface treatment at p<0.01. For titanium
alloy, the results showed the diazonium salt surface treatment
had highest mean value of shear bond strength followed by
aluminum oxide surface treatment group at p<0.01.
Aluminum oxide treatment slightly increased shear bond
strength for both Co/Cr and titanium, while diazonium salt
treatment statistically increased shear bond strength for Co/Cr
and titanium alloy.

Objective: The premalignant lesions are regarded as
intermediate conditions for subsequent cancer development.
Even clinically, normal-appearing mucosa could harbor early
precancerous genetic mutations. This study determines the
immunohistochemical expression of Budding uninhibited by
benzimidazole related-1 (BubR1) and Telomerase in the
perilesional area of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials
and methods: The study involved thirty-three formalin-fixed
paraffin embedded blocks of the perilesional area of oral
cancer. The stain distribution, subcellular localization, and
intensity of these two markers in response to their cellular
localization were determined and then related to Byrne’s
grading system. Fisher’s exact test and spearman’s rho test
were applied to analyze the data. P≤0.05 is considered
significant. Results: BubR1 showed prominent, continuous
distribution in the full thickness of perilesional samples
(54.5%). The subcellular localization of BubR1 was
significantly related to Byrne\'s grading system (P≤0.001).
High discontinuous distribution of telomerase throughout the
epithelia was detected (63.6%). Byrne\'s grading system
showed high significant relations to both stain distribution
and subcellular localization of telomerase, as P- values were
.001 and .002, respectively. Both markers showed high
significant full thickness localization of buccal mucosa.
Conclusions: Both makers overexpression through multiple
layers of oral epithelia in the perilesional area might
determine their valuable role in the early detection of oral
cancer. Furthermore, the significant mixed subcellular
localization of these markers in high-grade cancer could
delineate their combined role in developing the second
primary tumor.

The similarity of permanent maxillary
lateral incisor is to a great degree to that
maxillary central incisor except for its
size& length of the root
, however
maxillary lateral incisors have a wide
graded variation in brew looks diverge
comparing to other tooth in the human oral
cavity if we exclude third molars. If there
is a vastly variation, it is considered a
chronological anomaly
. Such congenital
alterations that affecting maxillary lateral
incisors could be unilateral or bilateral are:
micro, or small teeth microdontia,
wanting: missing teeth or what is known
for hypodontia, dens invaginatus and dens
evaginatus (talon cusp) .

Aims: This study was aimed to measure the quantity of
residual material remained in root canals after root canal
system being retreated by rotary instruments of three types:
EdgefileXR, D-RaCe, and R-Endo in teeth that their canals
filled by either single cone method or the continuous wave
compaction method. Methods: human mandibular cuspid
teeth (n=60) had only one non curve canal were instrumented
with file (25/0.04). Then, the teeth classified into two main
groups depending on the technique that they were obturated
with (thirty teeth for each group): A: single cone method and
B: continuous wave compaction method. After that, other
subcategories, for each of the groups subdivided into three
subgroups depending on the retreatment system that used
(n=10/group) as following: A1, B1: D-RaCe, A2, B2: REndo, and A3, B3: EdgefileXR. The teeth were analyzed by
using cone beam, computed tomography with aid of
AutoCAD software to evaluate the percentage of residual
obturating material. We used both tests one, way ANOVA;
and post hoc, Duncan to analyze the data statically. Results:
the results were found there was significant; difference
between D-race and other two rotary systems, while no
significant difference between EdgefileXR and R-Endo in
both technique of obturation. Also, this study reported there
was no difference statically in the same rotary system in
both0 techniques of obturation. Conclusions: All rotary
retreatment systems left residual obturating material.
EdgeFileXRl rotary system is more effective, among systems.