Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences

Identifying individuals is a major challenge for forensic investigators, as DNA and fingerprints are highly valuable, but are not always readily available at crime scenes. Lip prints could be used in this context since they are unique to each individual. Lip-print study (Cheiloscopy) is a reliable biometric technology and is considered a unique parameter for identification. This study was determined lip print patterns among samples of the Salah El-Din population in Iraq and distribution their pattern type of lip print by using a program in MATLAB. In this study, it was established that there are significant differences between populations, countries, and genders when it comes to the distribution of lip prints. Materials and Methods: A total of participants was 100 (50 females & 50 males) their ages more than 10 years old. The lip print was divided into six quadrants on white copy paper then examined with technology using the program in MATLAB to determine the classification of lip print types for pattern distribution. Lip print was recorded by the usage of red natural color and healthy, white copy papers, and tissue paper, the obtained prints were first examined and later analyzed and interpreted.
Results: This study discovered that no two samples from the same family have identical lip-print patterns. Females had the greatest recorded pattern of groove type I (long vertical grooves), whereas males had the highest recorded pattern of groove type II (branched grooves). This pattern was most observed in the lower middle region. The present study proved that lip prints of males and females are different types in different countries.
Conclusion: lip prints are unique for every individual even in between the family. Hence, Lip prints play a vital role as a supplementary tool in the personal identification of suspects or unknown identity.

Background: PEKK have been recommended by their manufacturers as a framework material for implant-supported fixed prostheses because of its high biocompatibility, light weight and compatibility with veneering materials. However, achieving high bond strength veneering composite is challenging due to PEKK’s inertness and low surface energy. Purpose: to evaluate the bond strength between PEKK and veneering composite after applying three methods of surface treatment .
Material and Methods: A total of 21 PEKK (Pekkton® Ivory, Cendres+Métaux, Bienne, Switzerland) specimens were prepared by using CAD/CAM system, embedded in acrylic resin, polished with (P180 up to P1200), and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7) (1) Control (sandblasting with 110 μm Al2O3), (2) Air plasma, and (3) Sandblasting with 110 μm Al2O3 + air plasma. After surface pretreat, a qualitative assessment of surface roughness was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the aid of bonding jig, veneering composite was applied to each specimen and light polymerized. All completed specimens were placed in 37 ℃ water for 1 day for complete polymerization. Shear bond strength of each group was measured and fracture patterns were classified. Statistical analyses were carried out with One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc LSD test.
Results: Sandblasting + Air Plasma group showed the highest mean bond strength value of (15.881 ± 1.210 MPa) followed by control group (15.048 ± 1.398 MPa) and Air plasma (9.692 ± 1.333 MPa).
Conclusion : air plasma treatment of PEKK surface showed less effect on bonding than sandblasting groups.

Nickel–chromium (Ni–Cr) alloys, have been used widely, due to their superior physical properties and economic issues in relation to other precious alloys. Many studies have been carried out on porcelain fused to metal restorations to enhance the bonding quality of the porcelain to Ni-Cr alloy, such as mechanical treatment by air abrasion particles or chemical treatment by acid etching to increase the longevity of the restoration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of surface treatments sandblasting with Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), acid etching with Potassium hydrogen difluoride acid (KHF2) and combination treatment on the shear bond strength between Nickel-chromium alloy substructure and porcelain veneer. Twenty-one cylindrical shaped samples have base of 5 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness and a cylinder with 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in length were prepared from Ni – Cr alloy. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=7) according to surface treatment: Nickel -chromium treated with sandblasting with 50μm Al2O3 group (c), Nickel – chromium etching with KHF2 group (k), and Nickel – chromium sandblasting with 50μm Al2O3 followed with acid etching with KHF2 group (comb). Then ceramic build up (opaque, dentin, enamel, and glaze Vita VMK Master opaque, dentin, enamel, and glaze Vita VMK Master) and sintering was performed according to manufacturer's instructions and the final dimension of porcelain cylinder (4 X 4X 1) were checked with a metal gauge. All samples were subjected to shear force in a universal testing machine at cross head speed 0.5 mm/min. and recorded in MPa. The fractured samples were checked under (DIGITAL MICROSCOPE) (X50) to evaluate the mode of failure, it was adhesive, cohesive and mixed failure modes. The shear bond strength values were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD. The results showed that the highest mean of shear bond strength values was in Ni – Cr combination surface treatment group (26.11 ± 1.85), while the lowest mean was for Ni- Cr acid etched group (22.02 ± 1.5) and Nic group (20.85 ± 1.5). Within the limitation of the present study, the following conclusion can be drawn: Combination surface treatment produced the highest shear bond strength between Ni – Cr surface and veneering porcelain, followed by etching with KHF2, so combination method would increase longevity of porcelain fused to metal restorations.

Abstract Background in order to regain esthetic, patients are given an ocular prosthesis. The majority of them are made of poly methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA), which is a popular material for maxillofacial prostheses including ocular prostheses, Fracture of poly methyl methacrylate occurs due to several reasons involving careless handling and falling of ocular prosthesis on hard surfaces, it is essential to strength the acrylic to improve the transverse strength of the resin. Materials &methods :50 samples were constructed from heat cured acrylic resins and divided into three groups (1control and 2 experimental group) Each group had ten specimens. The two experimental groups comprised the IBMA, EMA monomer at 1% and 2% concentrations, respectively. Such samples were prepared with dimensions of 65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5mm ± 0.1 length, width and thickness respectively according to (ADA specification, No.12, 1999). All the samples were tested for transverse strength. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Tukey test was used for comparison between the groups.
Results: There were highly significant differences (P<0.001) on the transverse strength between the control group and EMA, IBMA copolymers. Conclusion: The scleral acrylic resin incorporation with 1% and 2% wt % EMA, IBMA copolymers showed insignificant increase in transverse strength.

Abstract The main drawbacks of the soft liners were poor thermal conductivity and poor bonding between denture base and soft lining. The purpose of this study was to analysis the influence of incorporating either Neem or Aloe Vera on thermal conductivity and shear bond strength of heat cure acrylic soft liner. Sixty heat cure acrylic soft liner specimens were prepared and classified as two major groups based on tests that evaluated (thermal conductivity and shear bond strength), each major group sub classified for three groups based on incorporated material: The control group (10) specimens, (10) specimens with 10% by weight of Neem powder; (10) specimens with 10% by weight of Aloe Vera powder. Thermal conductivity specimens were fabrication with dimensions of (40 mm diameter × 2.5 mm thickness). Two acrylic block of shear bond strength specimens with dimensions (75mm × 25mm × 5 mm length, width, depth respectively) was fabrication. The reline material application on space between two acrylic blocks. The (Lee disc) equipment was used to assess thermal conductivity. With a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min, a shear bond strength was measured. Data statically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and LSD tests. The results showed the Neem group had highest mean value of thermal conductivity and shear bond strength than aloe Vera and control groups at p<0.01. Either Neem or Aloe Vera increased thermal conductivity and shear bond strength of soft liner.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease which is characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth supporting structures and ultimately, potential tooth loss. A relationship between CP and diabetes has been recognized for some time. Both diseases share several collective risk factors, however, recent research has provided greater insight into the relationship with evidence emerging for each disease being a co-factor in the pathogenesis of the other. This article focuses on some biochemical markers as valuable utility in risk assessment, clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Mg as well as its alloys are differing from other biomaterials through providing compatible physical and mechanical characteristics to the human bones. Also, their elastic modulus and densities were somewhat close to one another and thus removing elastic mismatches between the bone and implants. Furthermore, the Mg present naturally in bone structure, and it is essential metal for metabolism. Some mechanical properties (Hardness, diametral tensile) and corrosion resistance of enforced Mg by Strontium and alloyed with another biocompatible elements (Zn, Mn) were examined. Materials and methods: 135 samples were prepared for microhardness, diametral tensile, and corrosion test, divided to two groups 1st one pure Mg as a control group, 2nd group Mg alloy with different concentration of alloying elements to select the optimum ratio for alloying elements which consist of Zinc, Manganese, and Strontium). Result: Alloying of Mg with Zn, Mn and Sr, shows improvement in mechanical properties but dropping in corrosion resistance when compared with pure Mg. Conclusions: Alloying of pure Mg by ternary Zn, Mn and Sr have a valuable improvement in mechanical micro hardness and diametral tensile properties, but increases corrosion rate in comparison with pure Mg due to the effect of galvanic corrosion.

The purpose of present study was to assess and to compare the physicochemical properties of four bioactive root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: four bioactive root canal sealers that are available on the market were tested (Well-Root; Apexit Plus; Dia-Root and MTA Fillapex). The initial and final setting time was determined by Gilmore needle. Flow Test and solubility test conducted according to ISO standard 6876. The film thickness was determined according to the ISO 3107 standard. pH measurement for different sealers that immersed in deionized water at 5minutes, 1h, 12h, 24h and 48h time intervals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done for the chemical structure of set samples for tested sealers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p˂0.05) using SPSS. Results: The setting time of Well-Root significantly less than other sealers (p=0.00) for both initial and final setting time. Higher flow mean value presented with Well-Root and MTA Fillpex compared with than Apexit plus and Dia-Root respectively. Well-Root sealer shows significantly more solubility than other tested sealer. Film thickness of Well-Root sealer significantly less than other sealers. Well-Root sealer showed the highest alkaline value at all evaluation time followed by Dia-Root, Apexit Plus and MTA Fillapex , respectively. FTIR analysis revealed the chemical composition similarity and difference in set samples observed with change in intensities of the peaks. Conclusion: All the tested bioactive root canal sealers showed acceptable physicochemical properties.

The prognosis for patients with oral cancer remains poor in spite of advances in therapy of many other malignancies. Early diagnosis and treatment remains the key to improved patient survival. The tumor markers are playing an increasingly important role in cancer detection and management. These laboratory-based tests are potentially useful in screening for early malignancy, aiding in cancer diagnosis, determining prognosis, surveillance following curative surgery for cancer, up-front predicting drug response or resistance, and monitoring therapy in advanced disease. Diagnostic tests for early detection include brush biopsy, toluidine blue staining, autofluorescence, salivary proteomics, DNA analysis, biomarkers and spectroscopy. This article focuses on biomarkers as valuable utility in risk assessment, clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of oral cancer in the era of precision medicine.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the tear strength property after disinfection with plant-based disinfection solution after different immersion periods. Materials and methods: Forty specimens of VST-30 maxillofacial silicone were prepared then divided into four main groups (n=10), a control group that was not subjected to disinfection and three experimental groups subjected to disinfection in different immersion time (1 day, 1 month, and 6 months). The experimented groups were immersed in Oregano oil solution. The tear strength test was performed by the use of Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analyzes of the data was performed via One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post-hoc test to determine the significant differences between experimental and control groups at a level of significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: The tear strength test showed a non-significant difference between the control group and the experimental groups. Also, there was no significant differences among the three experimental groups.
Conclusion: tear strength of VST-30 silicone elastomer was not affected after immersion in 0.4% Oregano solution.

Objective: the purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of single high dose Epic x diode laser on several types of facial and dental pain. Methods: a total of 10 patients were diagnosed with orofacial pain, 8 of them were suffering from myofacial pain, while the other two patients, one of them had pulpitis and the other one was suffering from pericoronitis. The patients were treated using Epic x diode laser with the following settings (940 nm wavelength, 4 w, 1200J). Each patient was treated in a single session. The headpiece was directed toward the involved symptomatic area and the overall pain and discomfort were analyzed into a scale of six degrees including before and after the treatment.
Results had 40% of the cases are with complete resolution of pain and 60% of the cases had partial improvement, and the sessions were delivered as a single session of 300 seconds irradiation for each patient and the degrees of improvement were (1,2,3) on the pain scale.
Conclusion: Diode laser (Epic x) is effective in reducing the orofacial pain with single session treatment