Turath AL-Hillah

Sayyid Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Mu’aya al-Hilli is one of the prominent Shiite Imami scholars from the city of Hillah. His name shone among the scholars of the period in which he lived, and he received his knowledge at the hands of a group of Shiite and Sunni sheikhs and scholars, which makes him an example of scientific communication between Islamic sects. In addition to receiving his knowledge at the hands of scholars from Hillah, Sayyid Muhammad bin al-Qasim was associated with many Shiite sheikhs from outside Hillah, whether they were inside or outside the city of Hillah, influenced by their thinking, especially the jurists and genealogists among them, as their names were mentioned in the research.
In addition to his Shiite teachers, Sayyid Ibn Mu’iyah also studied under Sunni scholars, reflecting the communication between Islamic sects at that time. He explicitly referred to some of them in his licenses to his students by name, and referred to some of them by number, but we did not find their names according to what we have seen from the sources. It is important to note that scholars at that time did not have the sectarian barriers that we see today. Rather, they moved between different academic centers and received knowledge from different scholars, regardless of their sectarian affiliations. Sayyid Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn Mu’iyah al-Hilli is one of the clear examples of this, as he combined Shiite and Sunni knowledge and contributed to forming a scientific connection between them.
Sayyid Muhammad was influenced by the thought of his sheikhs from different schools , which was reflected in his jurisprudential and theological views. There were aspects of jurisprudence and its principles in which he was influenced by the Shiites, but at the same time he was open to some of the views of the Sunnis, especially in matters of comparative jurisprudence, theology, and others. What we can summarize in what we say about him is that Sayyid Muhammad bin al-Qasim bin Mu’aya al-Hilli is a model of a scholar who transcends the boundaries of sectarian affiliation and interacts with various intellectual trends. His association with sheikhs from different schools of thought reflects his scientific spirit and openness to different ideas, which made him a prominent figure in the history of Islamic science.

This research (Al-Hassan bin Rashid Al-Hilli, a study of his life and poetry) aims to reveal a prominent figure from the scholars of Hillah, a jurist, author and poet. The importance of this effort is evident in reviving what has been lost from the production of our venerable scholars, and revealing his poetry, which constitutes a heritage value, and embodies the high level of organization, the sublimity of meanings and moral advancement.
In this study, we adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and concluded that Al-Hassan bin Rashid had poetry as a means and a message to express his conscience and loyalty to the Ahl Al-Bait (PBUH) in thought and behavior. We found that his poetry is no less than the poetry of the great poets of the past, and that what has been lost of the traces of our scholar Al-Hilli and what has been found in various places obliges us to strive to restore and revive our heritage.

Measuring the effectiveness of representatives in any legislative institution cannot be done except according to specific standards that can be considered a law applied to measure the effectiveness of the representative. This equation is based on the total number of representatives, the number of sessions attended by each representative, the sessions he was absent from, the number of representatives who spoke in the sessions and those who were repeated in the discussions in all sessions. All of this is measured by the number of parliament members, which at that time was 100, and the total number of sessions was 49. As for the number of Hillah representatives in the Constituent Assembly, their number was 6. It is certain that the number of representatives of the governorates varied according to the population of each district, with the presence of fixed numbers for the tribes and religious minorities. As for the number of Hillah representatives, not all of them were from Hillah, but rather they were attributed to other districts.

The idea of the research came from rooting and realizing the concept of intentionality as part of the seven criteria in textual linguistics, and applying it to poetic texts as open texts, in addition to the poet’s use of several rhetorical methods to convey his intentions to the recipient, and thus the process of understanding and acceptability of the text is achieved. The choice fell on a poetic text by a poet from the ninth century AH (Saleh bin Abdul Wahhab bin Al-Arandas Al-Hilli) as a text that had not been studied previously.
Keywords: intentionality, lamentation, ibn Al-Arandas.

This research deals with the efforts of the Hillian scholar Taha Baqir in classifying human languages and knowing their origins, and facilitating their knowledge and study as they represent the important human cultural heritage, which is considered a great social achievement in the life of humanity.
The late Taha Baqir classified languages based on their styles, so they were isolated languages, affixed languages, and inflected languages. He also classified them based on kinship and origin, so he revealed their families, which he made three, in addition to presenting the Semitic languages, their divisions and characteristics, and presenting the Sumerian language and its characteristics, and studying the stages of the cuneiform script.
Keywords: Taha Baqir, Linguistic classification, Semitic languages

Press played an important role in studying political, economic and social history of Iraq. Sayed Hadi Kamal Al-Din, editor-in-chief and founder of the local Al-Tawhid newspaper, was not isolated from the developments that occurred in Iraqi society in general and in the local society in particular after the change that occurred on July 14, 1958, and the circumstances and issues that occupied that society during that historical period. This appeared clearly in the newspaper’s articles and its coverage of various social issues that occupied Iraqi and local society alike, including education, health, unemployment, religious minorities, and others.
From this standpoint, we had the desire to shed light on a group of social phenomena that were prevalent at that time. Hillah is one of the important cities of Iraq that was able to occupy a prominent position in all its cultural developments before and after the change that occurred on July 14, 1958. Despite the short period of time in which it was issued, it was able to cover a good number of historical, political and social aspects through which the researcher was able to document an important social era that the Iraqi state went through in general and the city of Hillah in particular.

Sound plays an important function in shaping language; sound is a means by which every people express their purposes and a means of reaching meanings, in addition to being a basic element in shaping language.
The importance of the research lies in deducing the phonetic analytical aspect, specifically vowel, because it is one of the clear phonetic phenomena in the Arabic language and has great importance to the ancients and moderns, and it is one of the prominent phenomena according to Al-Hilli, which he used in his phonetic analysis to explain Banat Su’ad.
The practical aspect of it was based on poetic models and applying them to the types of vowel changes mentioned in the explanation to guide the recipient to know the origin of the word and what it carries of change by heart or deletion, with an explanation of the reason that caused both of them.
Keywords: Phonetic analysis, Banat Suad poem, vowel changes, vowel by deletion.

The scientific movement in the city of Hillah witnessed the emergence of religious scientific figures who had a great impact on the political and religious situations. Perhaps the most famous of these scientific elites who emerged in the seventh century AH was the scholar Al-Hassan bin Youssef bin Al-Mutahhar (d. 726 AH), who excelled in various sciences and knowledge. He wrote many books in the field of jurisprudence, principles, history and biographies, in addition to scientific debates with various sects and doctrines. This prompted one of the Mongol leaders, Muhammad Khuda Banda, who was greatly influenced by Al-Allama Al-Hilli, to declare the Shiite doctrine as the official doctrine of the country and made him his companion and allocated schools and funds necessary to spread the Shiite doctrine in the country, including the Moving School.
The issue of Imam Mahdi (PBUH) took up a large space in the writings of Al-Allama Al-Hilli, but it did not constitute an independent work in itself, rather it constituted a huge material in the books he wrote, the most famous of which are (Al-Mustajad min Kitab Al-Irshad), (Kashf Al-Murad fi Tajreed Al-I’tiqad), (Tadhkirat Al-Fuqaha), (Khulasat Al-Aqwal). The sources and resources of Al-Allama Al-Hilli in his discussion of Imam Mahdi (PBUH) were many and varied, and perhaps the most prominent of his sources in his discussion of Imam Mahdi (PBUH) are the Holy Quran and the honorable hadiths of the Messenger of allah (may allah bless him and his family), and then the hadiths of the Imams (PBUH), as well as other sources such as prominent scholars, books, manuscripts, and also unknowns. All of these provided Al-Allama Al-Hilli with valuable information about the issue of Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him).

It is self-evident that the most reliable thing written in biographies of famous people is what the writer writes in his own handwriting, to record his biography and life, and to introduce his teachers and students, and to mention the works and writings he left behind, and other things related to his scientific and social life. The other aspect of the reliability of biographies of men is what is written by his family, whether they were his children, brothers, grandchildren, or someone who was close to him, or a contemporary of the famous people of his time, or one of his companions, or a student who attended his lessons and learned from him.
In this endeavor, we will mention the biography of one of the great scholars of the Imamiyyah, and a jurist and theologian who was well-versed in various sciences and arts, namely Sayyid Mahdi bin al-Hasan al-Husaini al-Qazwini al-Hilli (d. 1300 AH). This biography was written by his son Sayyid Hussein al-Qazwini (1325 AH), who was a virtuous scholar, a great jurist and theologian, an eloquent writer, and a great poet. In this biography, he reviewed a brief account of his father’s life, may God have mercy on him, and explained his upbringing, the stages of his scientific advancement, his movement and his travels in the pursuit of knowledge and learning, including in it a mention of his existing and lost works, and concluded the biography with a collection of elegies from scholars about him.
When this translation fell into the hands of the author’s grandson, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir ibn Hadi ibn Salih ibn Mahdi al-Qazwini (d. 1333 AH), he wanted to add some of his historical and literary comments and benefits to it, and appended a poetic appendix to it, so it became an important historical and literary document, more useful and more beneficial. It was therefore morally incumbent upon us to highlight this valuable translation with scientific investigation and publish it within the scope of investigative works contained in the sections of the magazine Turath al-Hillah al-Gharra, to spread the benefit and take advantage. I followed the path of those who are experts in scientific investigation in this translation, so I worked on dividing the text and adjusting it with the correct form, clarifying the ambiguous words, pointing out the sources of difference in the versions, and identifying the places of advancement and delay in them, while adding what I saw as appropriate from the titles and placing them in brackets to distinguish between it and the original, in addition to the biographies of the notables in a comprehensive translation, and a brief introductory note about the mentioned books, and the palaeography was accompanied by pictures of the handwritten copy, followed by a list of the reliable sources and references.
Allah is the Grantor of success.

This research focuses on the narrations of Ibn Abbas in revealing the meanings of the Qur’anic words in the interpretation of Muntakhab al-Tibyan. The interpretive narrations in this regard were many, but the research efforts were in accordance with a Qur’anic vision regarding (Allah, the Most High, and man). The words related to Allah, the Most High, we explained according to the meanings of the words related to His creations (an olive tree, neither eastern nor western, the star), and the meanings of the words related to His angels (the faithful spirit, the dividers of a matter, the active ones active).
As for the meanings of words related to man, the research focused on the meanings of words related to the creation of man (liver, collarbones, stickiness), the meanings of words of recompense in the meaning of (two handfuls of His mercy, their hearts are air, Tasnim), and the meanings of words of stations (rafraf, ilyoun, al-ara’iq). The research collected the narrations of Ibn Abbas in this regard and presented them to Shiite and Sunni interpretations. These narrations contributed to this interpretation in revealing the interpretive meaning of these Qur’anic words in the interpretation of Muntakhab al-Tibyan in the sixth century AH by relying on the narrations of Ibn Abbas in their interpretation or in revealing an interpretive meaning regardless of its authenticity or not.
Key words: narrations, Ibn Abbas, meanings, words, the Qur’an, clarification.

This study dealt with the Quranic evidence in the book (Nuzhat al-Anfs wa Rawdat al-Majlis) by (Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah Abu Saeed al-Iraqi) Methodology and criticism, from the scholars of Hillah in the sixth century AH, and the subject of the study revolves around some of the words mentioned in some proverbs in this book, in which the author discusses and provides evidence from the Holy Quran, and after reading the material in it, it became clear to the researcher that it includes an effort that deserves study and critical analysis, especially the critical study of the Quranic evidence when it is cited for an eloquent or colloquial proverb, so the aim of the study here was to stand on the truth of whether the Quranic evidence is considered to be a proof of the proverb that the author is discussing or not.
Therefore, this study came in an introduction and two chapters The introduction dealt with the relationship between the proverb and the Quranic evidence, and the first section dealt with some proverbs in which words were mentioned that indicate a general meaning, then the second section came to clarify some words that indicate a specific meaning, and the conclusion included some of the results that the study reached, the most important of which were:
1. Muhammad bin Ali Abu Saeed Al-Iraqi is one of the scholars who follow the descriptive approach in his treatment of the proverb and his mention of the Quranic evidence, and this is due to his being influenced by those who preceded him.
2. Abu Saeed Al-Iraqi’s inference from some Quranic verses on the meaning of some words mentioned in some proverbs is somewhat incorrect; because the meaning of the word without referring to the linguists and interpreters is definitely incorrect.
Keywords: Quranic evidence, proverb, method, criticism.
 

Sayyid Ali bin Tawus has a great scientific status as he belongs to the scientific family of Al Tawus. He lived in a scientific and intellectual period with broad trends, as he was considered a school of comprehensiveness and breadth and his writings were abundant in his interest in more than one science, as he was interested in interpretation, hadith, men, supplication, and others, so he occupied them with the breadth of his knowledge and the greatness of his thought. This information prompted us to become familiar with that period and the scientific, intellectual and cultural renaissance that accompanied it, to clarify his approach to understanding the Qur’anic text, not to mention knowing its men, scholars and most prominent thinkers during the era of the late Abbasid Caliphs who were his contemporaries. In our research, we chose from the prominent scholars of the seventh century, Sayyid Ali bin Tawus, as he is considered a school of encyclopedic scientific schools for its comprehensiveness of most sciences such as jurisprudence, ethics and interpretation.
In this article, we discussed Ibn Tawus’s approach to explaining the Qur’anic text, as the researchers follow the analytical, narrative approach. In the research, we mention the key words, along with a brief summary of his life. We also mention the most important applications of his approach, and then we conclude by mentioning the most important results we reached in the research.
Keywords: Methodology, sections of the method, Ibn Tawus, interpretation, understanding.