Journal of Education for Humanities

Strange talk is an important art, uglier his ignorance of the people of hadith in particular, and then the people of science in general, and going into it is not easy, and the surplus in it is a fact of investigation worthy of prevention, uniqueness, accuracy of meaning, and lack of use, of the reasons that lie behind The strange thing about hadith, which is the good stranger in the words of the Arabs, which is not to blame for its use of words, is very important, so the scholars classified the texts that began at the end of the second century AH, and these works are lost, including the manuscript, and some of them printed.

The Iraqi novel was not away from the incidents that hit Iraq, but it was able to respond and correspond to the most dangerous and violent changes in the sociological Iraqi structure and how the American occupation to Iraq, before, during, and after, has led the country to what it is today. The patriotism system has never been away from all that because of the impact of those incidents on the citizen who is the major component in forming the patriotism. Therefore, this study focuses on the theme of patriotism and the status quo according to the artistic perspective in the four novels (I’jaam, Wahdaha Shajarat Al-Rumman (The pomegranate Tree alone), Ya Maryam (O Mary), and Fahras (Index) of the author and novelist Sinan Antoon concentrating on the place as to be dystopian presenting dark scenarios and delineating a bitter truth or a utopian place presenting optimistic and idealistic scenarios for the future. Thus, between the nightmare of the dystopian reality and the utopian and perfect dream, the novelist Sinan Antoon presents the place and its role in enhancing the principles and the values of patriotism on one hand or undermining the valuable system of patriotism on the other. For the reasons mentioned above, this research revolves around two pivots:
- Introduction, through which he introduced us to the terms dystopia and utopia.
- Citizenship between dystopia and utopia, which represents the applied side in the novels of Sinan Antoun, the research sample.

The topic of the research revolves around the plural buildings on which came the healing evidence explained by Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi. Arabic, and the extent to which it is used in the linguistic contexts in which it is mentioned in order to reach the recipient to understand the speaker’s intentions.

The effectiveness of the effect of the Cox and Macialas model on the achievement of fifth-grade literary students in Arabic language.
. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed a null hypothesis, which is as follows
1- There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the students of the experimental group taught according to the Cox and Macialas model and the average scores of the students of the control group who study according to the usual method in the achievement test.
As for the research sample, it was intentionally selected from the research community and it consisted of students of the fifth literary grade in (Nile Preparatory School for Boys) in the city of Mosul from the academic year (2021-2022), and its number reached (61) students distributed into two experimental and control groups, at a rate of (31).) students for the experimental group that studied according to the model of Cox and Macialas, and (30) for the control group that studied in the usual way.
The researcher used the experimental method and conducted the process of equivalence between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables, which included: the chronological age calculated in months, the degree of the Arabic language subject for the previous year, the academic achievement for the previous year (general average), the intelligence quotient, and the critical thinking test.
To achieve the goal of the research, two tools were required: the first is the critical thinking test as a research tool, and the second is an achievement test. The two tests were characterized by honesty and stability.
After preparing the teaching plans and the two tools, the experiment was applied in the first course of the academic year (2021-2022) on Thursday 11/11/2021, and it continued for a full course and ended on Tuesday (1/1/2022), as the achievement test was applied on Thursday. Corresponding to (20/1/ 2022), on the two research groups, and after data collection and statistical analysis, the researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, including:
1-There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the critical thinking test and in favor of the experimental group with the highest arithmetic mean, which was studied according to the Cox and Macialas model..
2-Using the (Cox and Macialas) model in teaching literature and texts in the fifth literary grade by the Ministry of Education because it is commensurate with the content of the scientific material included in the curriculum decided by the Ministry of Education
Accordingly, the researcher recommends and suggests the following :
3-The effect of the (Cox and Macialas) model in developing the complex thinking of undergraduate students in the Arabic language subject.

This study tried to highlight the millennium (Al-fareida) and its explanations, as it did not receive the attention it deserves, by taking the approach of its most famous explanations (Al- Mtalaa al saida) of Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti (911 Ah) and (Al- Menah al hameida) by Muhammad Baba Al-Tunbakti (1014 Ah).
The importance of this study lies in its attempt to identify the methods of grammatical authorship at the late, and to reveal its effectiveness in achieving its educational objectives, by monitoring the general methodological framework in authorship, such as the composition of topics, the method of commentary, the extent to which scientific methods are used, such as summary and abbreviation, ease of expression and clarity of idea, mention of benefits, alerts and insinuations, attention to divisions of grammatical issues, adoption of examples and evidence, and employment of other educational sources.

This research explains the relationship between the indication of letters and the difference of grammar structure building. Including the axis speaker. Being sorted in his mind a meaning .so he starts to arrange words (nouns. verbs.propositions ) assorted as a structure. It's known that letters are the bond that connect parts of words and other. Including different indications defined by what the speaker wants to declare. So then these indications effect on the pattern of the structure The research has confined endoscopic side rather than the descriptive side to install basic aspects of the subject and display concepts plus terminologies related to it also its development through history.
The research was divided into five axes, followed by a conclusion with the most important research results, and the research ended with a confirmation of the approved sources and references, and the investigations were arranged as follows:
The first axis: the letter and the tool between language and terminology.
The second axis: the relationship between the letter and the tool.
The third axis: grammatical structure.
The fourth axis: the relationship between the semantic level and the grammatical structure.
The fifth axis: the effect of the letters of meanings on the grammatical structure.

Folk beliefs are an integral part of folklore, as it is all about ideas Folk feelings and practices, as it is one of the most important popular elements because it is entrenched in the mind of man and is difficult to change, and that popular beliefs in their various forms and types have taken a space within the novelistic text of the gift of Hussein, an attempt by employing these beliefs to achieve functions, perhaps the most important of which is to give the appropriate realistic character to the novelistic work , because the novel is the closest literary genre to reality, as well as in order to give the local and popular character to its characters by highlighting the popular thinking that robs the behavior and actions of these characters, as well as to deepen the local belonging in the novel, which is belonging to the eastern society, especially the odorous beliefs in Iraqi popular culture. Hadiya Hussain employed popular beliefs in her novelist's body according to two types, first: popular beliefs associated with religious thinking, and secondly: popular beliefs associated with superstitious thinking, and the approach used in analyzing texts is the analytical descriptive approach.

This research mainly aims to know the variation in the intensity of traffic on the streets network in the city of Mosul with description. analysis and conclusion. The aim of the research is to show the current reality of the street network in the city of Mosul and measure the extent of variation in the intensity of traffic on it and its efficiency in meeting the economic. social and service needs of its users. The research contributed in defining the characteristics of the street network. determining its directions. the extent of the daily traffic on it. and knowing the efficiency of the road in meeting all the different needs of its users by following the field study (traffic census method). which is one of the best ways to measure the intensity of motor transport on the street network.

The research aims to determine the geopolitical repercussions of Iraq’s maritime location on its foreign policy towards Kuwait. as the Iraqi-Kuwaiti relationship is characterized by a complex specificity that carries within it several factors that prevent the achievement of development and positive cooperation between the two countries due to the problems of the geographical reality imposed on Iraq before and after 2003. and perhaps the last of which is The problem of the Kuwaiti port of Mubarak. which I started to establish in 2011 after Iraq laid the cornerstone for the project of the great port of Faw. which will enhance the importance of Iraq’s maritime location and achieve its spatial demands locally. regionally and internationally. due to its impact on international shipping networks and their trends in the future. as Iraq represents a land bridge between East and West through the Dry Canal compared to the Suez Canal and the Ras of Good Hope Road

The aim of the current research is to identify the impact of the thinking maps strategy on developing the analytical thinking of fifth-grade literary students in Islamic education.
In order to achieve the goal of the research. the researcher put two null hypotheses. and to verify the two hypotheses of the research. a random sample was selected from the research community. which consisted of fifth-grade literary students in the city of Mosul. the first course of the academic year (2021- 2022). And a control group. with (40) students for the experimental group that studied according to the thinking maps strategy. (40) students for the control group that studied in the usual way.
The researcher adopted the experimental design with two equal groups and conducted the equivalence process on the two research groups in the variables of age in months. the degree of Islamic education for the first course of the year (2020-2021). intelligence quotient. the previous year’s degrees. the educational level of the parents. the pre-test for analytical thinking.
Achieving the goal of the research required the preparation of a tool that was the analytical thinking test consisting of (29) paragraphs. and the researcher verified its validity. stability and strength to distinguish its paragraphs and applied by the researcher before starting and after the experiment.
The experiment started on Sunday (14/11/2021) and continued until Sunday (16/1/2022). after data collection and statistical analysis using the t-test for two independent samples. The results showed the following:
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the averages of developing analytical thinking skills among the students of the experimental group who studied according to the thinking maps strategy and the control group that studies according to the usual method.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean of the pre and post tests for the students of the experimental group in analytical thinking and in favor of the post selection.
In light of the results of the research. the researcher came out with a number of conclusions. including that the strategy (thinking maps) had a role in improving and raising the achievement level of the fifth grade literary students in Islamic education and developing their analytical thinking. Students to participate in extra-curricular activities to enhance their self-confidence and develop their creative abilities. To complement the current research. the researcher put forward proposals for future research. including the impact of the thinking maps strategy on the achievement of first-grade intermediate students in Islamic education and the development of Islamic values for them.

 

The present study aims to identify the effect of directed-imagination strategy in developing the skills of listening for female pupils of the 2nd intermediate class in Arabic language.to this
1- The first assumption: there is no statistically significant difference between average degrees of experimental group pupils who study on the basis of directed-imagination strategy and those of control group pupils who study on the basis of traditional method in the listening pre-test.
2- The second assumption: there is no statistically significant difference between average degrees of experimental group pupils who study on the basis of directed-imagination strategy and those of control group pupils who
To achieve this aim, Macca Al-Mukarama Intermediate School for girls (subordinated by State Directorate of Education) was deliberately chosen. The sample of present study is randomly selected. Section (A) represents the experimental group (test subjects), whereas Section (B) represents the control group (comparison group). The total number of sample is (79). The experimental group includes (41) pupils, and the control group includes (38) pupils. Both groups are statistically equalized according to several variables: (1) age of pupils, (2) the general average of pupils for the last year, (3) scores of Arabic language of pupils for the last year, (4) intelligence test, and (5) listening skill pre-test. The test of listening skill consists of (19) items for study purpose. The instrument validity and reliability are established on (0.82). All data are collected and statistically analyzed by using (t-test) for two independent samples. The results show a statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average (means) of the two groups in the pre-test of listening and listening skill development. The experimental group, who studied on the basis of directed-imagination strategy, exceeded. The results, also, show the effect of the strategy in developing the listening skill.

This research is entitled “The impact of the difference in readings over fourteen in deducing legal rulings Surat An-Nisa as a model.” And between the general meaning, and that diversity is like expansion and diversity in the language by using the meaning in multiple ways, and that the difference in reading from it is an argument for the words of the people of the language and the saying of the people of jurisprudence, and some of them are a reason for the statement of a legal ruling that is agreed upon, and some of them are what is to combine two different rulings, and some of them are It is likely for a different ruling, and some of it is due to the difference of two legal rulings, or it is to clarify a ruling that requires its apparent difference, or it is an explanation of a bug. 

The research aims to identify the teaching of Islamic education according to PECS strategy at the fifth gradient in religious development students.
To achieve, a sample of fifth-grade students of middle school in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022) was deliberately selected from Yemen High School for Girls. The material according to the usual method, the researcher used the experimental design with equal groups and conducted the equivalence process on the two research groups in a number of variables, including (chronological age in months, intelligence quotient, general average previous year, degree of Islamic education for the previous year, tribal test of religious enlightenment) to achieve the goal of the research required Constructing a test to measure the level of religious enlightenment and it consisted of 26 items. The validity of the convictions was verified in terms of their accuracy, stability and strength of discrimination.
After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, the subject school implemented the experiment for the academic year (2021-2022) on Wednesday (10/11/2021) and continued until Wednesday (1/12/2022). The experiment The two tools were applied to the sample members after collecting the data and analyzing it statistically. The researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

This study included the city of Kufa in terms of urban and economic aspects, and this study was divided into two sections..
As for the second topic, it included presenting a study on the economic aspects in Kufa from three aspects, namely, the commercial, agricultural and industrial aspects..

Biography is part of literary genres. It monitors the personal life of famous and not famous personalities. It may be biography or other. The elements of biography are found in the Holy Qur’an in the biography of the Prophet Moses, peace be upon him.
clearly . Perhaps one of the most important of this pact, which is a defining element in the various biographical genres, is based on clarifying and confirming the congruence between I am the author, I am the narrator, and I am the central character, and everything is referred to the personal name.
It is on the types of the current biographical charter and the title charter, and by moving to the reading charter in the Qur’an, we see that this charter is completely different from other reading charters outside the Qur’anic text because it is based on the credibility of reading and there is no dispute over it.Also, honesty is one of the secret elements that has a clear presence in the Holy Qur’an.

Making a breach in the agreed-upon linguistic systems creates meanings that are more than the original meaning ,and this manipulation or breach was not arbitrary , but came as a result of the purposes and intention the speaker wants to convey and as result of the flexibility and space of freedom that exists in the Arabic language , it enabled the speaker to implement these mechanisms that are fully consistent with what brought by western pragmatics in the inclusion of some structures on two forces : the first is directly perceived by the recipient from the direct literal meaning, and the other is implicit, which can be reached through depending on the context of verbal event and the conditions of the recipient and in the anastrophe , the matter is similar , where deviation from the original context provides the recipient with two forces or two meanings , the first from the original and the second as a result of the dispersal of the compositions.

This research deals with the attributes of angels and their functions in the Holy Qur’an by examining the verses that were mentioned in this, specifically what came about them in the form of the plural of the peaceful feminine, so it was expressed by describing (groups) of the pure, the quarrelsome, the swimmers, ...., and it is swearing by them as it was mentioned in Surahs of the Qur’an, the research was divided into three sections. The first topic includes talking about the names of the angels and their functions. The remaining sections were divided according to the chapters opened with the division of angels. Then the last topic, which separated the saying about the effect of the letters of kindness (waw) and (fa) in the context of the verses. The research ends with the conclusion and the results that have been reached.

The current research aims to identify human values and the extent to which they are included in the content of the history curriculum to be taught to the fifth preparatory literary students from the teachers’ point of view. Its sample consisted of (56) teachers and schools, (29) teachers and (27) schools. Human values), which consisted of (60) paragraphs in their final form, distributed into six areas, which are values: (ethical (10) paragraphs, social (20) paragraphs, economic (9) paragraphs, political (7) paragraphs, religious (8) paragraphs, Legal (6) paragraphs with five alternatives, and they are included in the curriculum to a degree: (very large, large, medium, few, very few), and its validity, stability and strength to distinguish the paragraphs have been verified. The researchers applied the tool (human values) through which to take the opinions of sample individuals The research was conducted by male and female teachers of the history curriculum, as it was applied on Monday (29/11/2021) and continued until Sunday (26/12/2021) on the members of the research sample, and after data collection and statistical analysis using the t-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, reference mean, relative weight, the researchers reached the following results:
1-Legal values ranked first with a rate of (%82.486), while religious values ranked second with a rate of (%81.9125), while social values ranked third with a rate of (%79.27), while moral values ranked fourth with a rate of (%77.7) percent, and as for political values It achieved the fifth rank with a rate of (75.66%), while economic values achieved the last rank with a rate of (%75.112) respectively, which are good percentages, according to the viewpoint of the individuals of the research sample as a whole in human values.
2-There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the study sample members, male and female teachers of the history curriculum in the extent to which human values are included in the curriculum content for the fifth preparatory literary literary grade according to the gender variable. The researchers came out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
 

The research aimed to identify the social competence among the students of the University of Mosul, and to identify the significance of the differences in social competence among the members of the research sample according to the variables (study specialization, gender, grade the study). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers applied the measure of social efficiency that they prepared in this research, which In its final form, it consists of (40) paragraphs distributed into four areas: (communication and communication skills (12) paragraphs, bearing responsibility (12) paragraphs, compliance with laws and social rules (8) paragraphs, awareness of issues related to social security (8) paragraphs A sample of (800) male and female students were randomly selected from the faculties of the University of Mosul. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The research reached the following results: Mosul University students have an appropriate level of social competence, males outperform females in social competence, and there is no Statistically significant differences in the level of social competence between students of scientific specialization and students of humanitarian specialization, and third-grade students outperform first-grade students in social competence. For the purpose of statistically processing data, the researchers used the statistical portfolio program for Social Science (SPSS) and Excel for data entry and transaction extraction.

This study aims at knowing of the use of The use of strategy of obstetrical learning in the achievement of fourth grade students in mathematics and developing their formal thinking. To achieve the goal of the research .three null hypotheses were formulated:In order to verify the hypotheses of the research .an intentional sample was selected from the students of the fourth scientific grade at Awat Secondary School for Girls in Erbil Governorate in (2021-2022)
The study target included (57) students divided into two groups: one is experimental (29) students who studied by the strategy of obstetrical learning. and another organized one (28) students who studied by the normal method. Both groups in a number of variables.The research required two instrument test in Mathematics which has(10)objective items. and checked the consistency and difficulty coefficient in addition to the activity of the error alternative of the test questions.As for the second tool . it is a ready test for formal thinking prepared by al-Mawla in (2011). In its final form . it consists of (19)optional paragraphs distributed over (9) areas of abstract mental abilities . and the researcher contented himself with extracting his sincerity and stability .
If the pre-test for formal reasoning was conducted for the students of the research sample on Tuesday (17-11-2021)That experiment was applied on Thursday(18-11-2021) and ended on Sunday(19-12-2021) The score test was done on Monday (20-12-2021). And formal thinking test Tuesday(21-12-2021)followed by the analysis of the results and a program (SPSS). The statistical treatment by t-test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two research groups in the achievement of mathematics and the development of formal thinking and in favor of the experimental group. Based on this study outcomes. the researcher came out with a number of conclusions and recommendations. and suggested a set of complementary studies for this research .

Abstract
The research aims to identify the level of mental alertness among students of the University of Mosul. and the differences in the level of mental alertness among students of the University of Mosul. according to the two variables: gender (male-female). and specialization (scientific. human). and to achieve the objectives of the research. the researcher chose an equal stratified random sample of students The faculties of the University of Mosul. where the basic research sample consisted of (560) male and female students. with (280) male and (280) female students chosen randomly from the faculties of the University of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022.(
To achieve the objectives of the research. the researcher built the Mindfulness Scale. which consists of (45) items with five alternatives (applies to me to a very large degree. applies to me to a large extent. applies to me to a moderate degree. applies to me to a small degree. does not apply to me). The researcher verified the apparent and discriminatory honesty. the internal consistency of the scale. and the scale's stability by re-testing. as the Pearson correlation coefficient was (0.85).
The data were treated statistically using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). which included a set of statistical methods. including (one-sample t-test. two independent samples t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient. t-test for the significance of the correlation coefficient. and one-way analysis of variance).
The researcher reached the following results:
1- The research sample is characterized by a medium level of mental alertness.
2- The high level of mental alertness according to the variable (gender) (male/female) and in favor of females
3- The high level of mental alertness according to the variable (specialization) (scientific / human) and in favor of scientific specialization.
In light of the results. the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions. the most important of which are:
1. The university organizes educational and educational courses to educate students about the concept of super arousal in its five types and what impact they have on students’ cognitive and mental development and the development of their personalities in all its aspects.
2. Activating the free wall at the university and writing pamphlets containing topics that motivate students to research and explore scientific developments.
and suggestions
1. Conducting a study dealing with mental alertness and its relationship to other variables such as (cognitive burden. and cognitive assessment) for other stages of study such as (preparatory students and intermediate students).
 

Semantics is regarded as a fertile field for study and researching as a branch of linguistics, especially when the study is related to the glorious Quran, the miraculous book. As the Quran paid a great attention to the human, which is evident from the verses, the current research investigated that and focused on the conditional sentences that involved the word (human) in the Glorious Quran. This was to show the connotations, which are related to many aspects of the human, who represents the cornerstone on which life is pivoted as he represents Allah on the earth and was created to build it and develop it in the right way. The research included two sections; the first defined the semantics, sentence, condition and the human linguistically and terminologically, while the second section analyzed the Quranic verses in question. The research was ended with a conclusion in which the most important findings were reached and with a table that contains all the verses that are relevant to the research.

The topic dealt with in the research is "The Days of the Arabs before Islam between the tribes of Qais and Kinana in the book "Dictionary of Ma'astajm al-Bakri" (487 AH). Because they are geographical dictionaries, but mentioning the events that occurred in those places and from the days of the Arabs, which are facts and dialogue in the pre-Islamic era, most of the days of the Arabs are named after the names of the places in which they occurredIn introducing these days, the study was based on a group of historical, geographic and literary books and a comparison of what these sources mentioned with what Al Bakri mentioned about the days, thus finding similarities and differences.

The study investigates Iraqi EFL learners’ attitudes towards the use of authentic materials as cultural mirrors within academic settings. To this end, an experimental course entitled ‘Language and Culture’ has been constructed throughout which authentic materials have been intensively utilized to enhance learners’ cultural awareness. The sample of the study is fifty fourth-year students who have been selected randomly from the Department of English/ College of Education for Humanities/ University of Mosul. Data were collected through the use of a feedback questionnaire that was administered at the end of the aforementioned course. Results revealed that students hold positive attitudes towards the use of authentic materials as cultural mirrors within Iraqi academic settings.

Using the 5Es approach, this study attempts to modify the teaching strategies to make it easier for students to relate their past knowledge to new information. This research aims to find out the effect of the 5Es method of teaching on preparatory female students' achievement. The research population included students of the fourth scientific preparatory stage at Al-Fao Preparatory School for Girls for the 2021-2022 academic year. The total number is 198 female students. The research sample consists of two equivalent classes out of the five: B and C. Class B represents the control group, and class C represents the experimental group. An achievement test and a questionnaire for measuring students' motivation have been prepared and administered among the selected sample by the researcher herself. According to the findings, there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups on accomplishment post-tests for female EFL students from Iraq, indicating that teaching using the 5Es model is more effective than using traditional methods.