AL- Mouhaqiq Al-Hilly Journal for legal and political science

the archaeologies are consider a mirror reflecting civil progress for any society. And are one of the most important elements for the national ,cultural and human civilization, and the performance of any society can be identified by their ancient monuments which express about its history and telling its story and acts. So the contra banding , the stealing ,destroying them means losing apart from our history.
Therefore this studying come to determine the aspects of the criminal protection of archaeologies and the heritage whether on the internal or international level, especially in the countries that faced security problems ,and with founding groups seeking to make the counter empty from its cultural and civilization content through stealing the archaeologies .
So we search this subject in three chapters. The first was for the identity of the archaeologies and the heritage by clarifying its definition and by distinguishing them from other items. While the second chapter was devoted to the way of criminal protection for archaeologies and heritage. while the third chapter was for the exceptions that coming on the general rules in penal law.

In general, the bodies of management control of the environment has many and varied of a legal, preventative methods for the protection of public order, and the environment enact them to achieve this purpose, these methods can be replayed two ways, either distinct are either methods of prevention of work each is safe would protect the environment from pollution or methods of treatment , Or methods of treatment are in the form administrative sanctions infliction it authorities adjustment of the face of prejudice to the environment that have signed the agreement to reduce these cases and reduce the harmful effects of working on their application within the limits of legality, in accordance with the Constitution and the provisions of environmental legislation governing such acts in the presence of effective control so as to ensure the best effective and most efficient performance in order to preserve public order environment.

To mention the motives behind issuing civil judgment is one of the burdens which is laid on the shoulders of the judges due to its vital importance. It is obligatory on the judges. It achieves benefits on several fields whether to the parties of the case. It enables them to know that the judge has thoroughly looked at and revised their case. Besides it makes them be confident that the judgment is just.
The motive of the judgment also enables the supreme courts to monitor the judgments issued by the subject court through revising the details of the cases.
We can describe the motive as micro scope which revises the judgments issued by the civil courts.

Human rights is one of the important topics for which she received at the present time of great significance in the world, where she appeared since the beginning of the twentieth century many international conventions that have addressed the issue of human rights of all political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights.
There were two types of international conventions that dealt with this topic, global conventions concluded within the framework of the UN, such as the Covenant Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1966, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 1966.
There were also regional agreements which dealt with political rights at the level of regional organizations such as the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950, and the American Convention onHumanRightsof1969.
This study addresses the international protection of human rights as any theoretical concept that it carries the title of meaning, as well as determine its significance and to identify obstacles facing the international protection role in achieving the enjoyment of individuals to exercise their rights without any compulsion on the part of their respective countries.
What we will progress in this research the concept of international protection in two sections, the first will be to determine the definition of the concept of international protection, sources at the international level in the first demand, and in the second requirement we will discuss the evolution of international protection and its importance at the present time. The second topic will address the obstacles facing international protection, and the first two also will address the demands problems facing international protection at the domestic level, while the second deals with the problems facing the protection at the international level.

This research tackles an important problem which is the personality of the real punishment and the semiotic punishments which uptake the dispatch and the other semiotic punishments and the negative freedom punishments like the jail and prison in addition to that the financial punishment and its major picture the penalty , so we tried to discuss the content of these punishments and imitate their effects to stand upon range extent for the non convict who is the criminal or every one who has a relation with the wrongdoer crime , the semiotic and the negative freedom punishments seemed accordant with the principle of the punishment’s personality if not cultivate the gages of the legality and pale statute and juridical wrap in account these punishments and in eurhythmic and execution accept some of the status which has been corrected through this research , the financial punishment’s personality has been discussed because its important for this principle , the situation of these punishments not the criminal but his money which it may be insane to support the member of his family , this research has been finished in a conclusion discussed some of the results and recommendations .

Private protection of cultural property during armed conflicts
The private protection of cultural property in times of armed conflict is one of the images of protection afforded by international law in general of the world's cultural heritage and international humanitarian law, in particular, as it relates to human beings and expressing subjectivity national cultural and civilization .
This protection reflects expansion right scope of international humanitarian law which is no longer confined as was the case until the middle of last century, the protection of war victims from individuals and to alleviate suffering, but extended its scope to ensure special protection of cultural property in times of war came this expansion in the scope of the law international humanitarian law to include protection of cultural property as a natural consequence of what the legacy of war, whether international or non-international character over different historical eras many images of destruction and looting of cultural as our research deal with .
As well as the difficulty of compensation that have been looted or fix what is destroyed of the cultural properties in general in the wake of World War II which prompted the international community to work to find the organization of an effective international legal protection of cultural property in times of war, which has resulted in these efforts for the adoption of the International Convention for the protection of cultural property in times of armed conflict in 1954 as the first international document aims to establish an international legal organization to provide special protection of cultural property .

Led developments technological in the field telecommunications in the last period to the emergence of new ways has been the consumer to use in order to communicate with others and accomplish his personal dealings, civilian or commercial quickly, easily and without the costs and expenses of expensive compared to the services provided by these means.
The importance of this means of the importance of the services provided by that play a direct and influential role in the development of other fields of life.
Of course, the emergence of modern means of communication, which is the most prominent mobile phone, led to the emergence of legal ties multiple between people, is held mobile phone services of the most important of these links, which concluded between telecommunications company, which are usually in the form of a professional company specializing in the field of communications, and between consumer who is usually a natural person consumes telecommunications service.
The prevalence of this decade in practice and modernity, is one of the reasons that prompted us to look at the legal concept through the surround defined and legal characteristics and adaptability.

The phase of the negotiations of the most important and most dangerous stages of decades of international trade in general and technology transfer contracts in particular, and largely due to the element of confidentiality enjoyed by most of the elements of technology and technical know-the place of negotiation and contracting, as the carrier of the Knulogia be committed to that disclosed the secret of the technological knowledge to the recipient under obligation flags as well as the desire of the latter to obtain this information and the secret knowledge for the purpose of making sure of their validity and suitability for your reality.
That the donor be more careful not to disclosure of this information and knowledge secret because it constitutes the lifeblood of the technology owned by, so, in the presence of conflict of interest this standing commitment to maintaining confidentiality in negotiations, technology transfer, which is the responsibility of the recipient that the refrain he and his followers for the disclosure of confidential information they obtained through the commitment of the donor.
So it will shed light on this commitment in this research by dividing it into three sections set aside the first of which to define the concept of confidentiality The second section was devoted to study the scope of the obligation of confidentiality while the last section Mahssa to study the legal basis for the obligation of confidence in the transfer negotiations Altknulouhaa.