Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

Praise be to God without end, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger Prophet, and the God of the flags of guides, and his companions on a granite majestics.The city of Hilla, science and literature and thought, one of the most Iraqi cities famous in abundance poets and scholars, tended to attention since its inception at the hands of the children of more years (495 e), and broadcast a reputation more after the occupation of Baghdad in (656 AH), where he received no invasion, no destroyed by the devastation of its matchs from Iraq cities ravaged by the Mongols, so characterized their positions relative stability, such as a clear difference from the other cities, which made them full of poets, writers and scientists, and because the poet in Hilla had was applauded by researchers, They wrote a lot, but the poetic arts developed and updated, did not find direct care covering area occupied by those contents, so came this research to reveal systems colors in an important stage, a mediator extended from one year age stage (656 AH) to a year (1335 AH) and standing at the poetic arts developed and developed, either with regard to the arts of poetry developed the poets were not content at this stage tradition and simulation poets mentioned themes of their time and adherence to manners and their meanings and their forms of poetry, and the adoption of their approach and wire way and weaving on their ways, but tried to look beyond mimicry and sought to develop from their systems and add to it an update in their time of meanings and ideas and new forms and methods, imposed by the new circumstances of their lives and created conditions of the current living and dictated them a matter of their age and its requirements and necessities, and dictated by the Bill of evolution and innovation, and these arts consisted of poetry (b poetic history, etched, and Zajal, and hair humor, puzzles), and the terms of the arts poetic novel was a new life and developments in the Middle Ages of impact in it's Commonness and spread in literary circles, that life which mixed many human races and included many peoples, and mixed with the customs and traditions and natures are diverse and appeared in variegated cultures and different ideas, and developments in which conditions and data, led turn to the secretion of those arts that mostly relied on the violation of classical Arabic and non-compliance with its rules sober and use of slang words and exotic widely and come out on the seas and weights known and traded in all ages of the above-Arabic literature of poetry, and with non-compliance Templates and laws, has been that the arts (b Alqoma and Almwalia The item and Alcan was Aldobat).

I have Well aware of the importance which involved gifting from creators of poets and Story writers, to their fellow critics. And I sensed a question sometimes implicit, and sometimes explicit from the presence of poets and storytellers; that: Is what Is given to the critics have some a portion of their time to read and we reflect? Or that books take a road passable for the inclusion of the library? And aware to the same extent; bone responsibility that delivered That is gifting the critic, as the critic expected Mahdi that opens in front of a window on a new idea, and a new title appropriated by repetition at the level of Adresses, ideas, and perhaps the question that arises is always (Where Monetary day) of the vast amount of versions? The new cash was motivated Adresses which readies a collection of poems one; narrowing in the hands of the critic sometimes, because of how much of the previous Go acquired from objectors preceded the subsequent Adresses, and perhaps critical writings that do not meet new cash idea, let reproduces the same question, that is issue also figured. And down when estimating al-Mahdi, the Mahdi of literary productions, the study material will be ten collections of poetry poets Arabs and Kurds, which is what I dedicate to Clauaz in the nuclei of the second Forum (1) and what I got from books and distributed on the occasion.

Must be - first of all - that we recognize that's not the role of this research put definitions of metaphor, and will not abide - here - with rhetorical updated and classes for it , to the fact that this term may searched by many rhetorical studies, and keen to set it according to its vision taxonomic inhalers, whether rhetorical studies old, or within Critics modern Arabs or Europeans efforts, so long as the analysis focused on shed light aesthetic metaphor in Saadi Youssef hair, "we will look into the metaphor as a transfer of meaning in the broadest sense of Transport", as metaphor mechanism defined as "a shift and Replaced", ie it Cancellation of this elongated bridge between stuff, which is keen analogy to keep it and proved - he says Adonis - to keep - analogy - the differentiation of the terminal, and here are the metaphor deeper and more sophisticated; because they "unite the two parties fully standardized so that it can, one that acts on behalf of the other ", and through this docking created by metaphor between assets or essences, they are" in the process of dropping to signify the first image with sent a new indication of a different nature surprising ", was counting rathards metaphor beautiful, and the extra power of the language, because it requires skill is unusual poet and careful, for submission to the flare-lit reader.

Praise be to God, who is righteous by his grace, and peace and blessings on Muhammad and his family. there is no doubt that the text is not the preserve of the author alone; texts on the era of ignorance of the texts that remain fertile entice readers are chunky creative energies. And Osar Aljafee one poem called narrators cabin or the one, and traced the ancient sources and found that they grouped of poetry, some of which - it seems to me - they were poems or pieces, but the narrators and writers was their care poem famous, and it's story theme was Alosar young when his father was killed and his people accepted blood money and intensified what promises did not satisfy their work was flustered busy revenge throughout his life. Reader cabin Alosar lives with his diary to realize revenge.

returned the mandate of Aleppo States that have undergone the most prominent of the direct influence of the Ottoman Empire , for its proximity to the center of the Ottoman Empire , with limits being coherent with it , its strategic location and outstanding commercial transport on the road , and being the station to the militarization of the Ottoman armies . Ottoman dish States Code , issued in 1864 in the state of Aleppo in 1866 , which has become a broad mandate extended until Anatolia , was of six brigades , the brigade and Mrash Aleppo and Urfa and Qozan and Bias and Adana . This continued until the administrative division in 1870 , it raised them three brigades are Brigade Qozan and Bias and Adana , and raised the administrative class to spend Deir ez-Zor , which was followed by a brigade of Aleppo to the brigade .In 1872 separate brigade of Deir al-Zour on the mandate of Aleppo , and became an independent Provincial Higher directly linked to the door . But he was re- linked state of Aleppo in 1876 , and remained so until 1881. In 1883 was associated with the banner of Aleppo, Deir al-Zour state for the third time and for a period of one year only , as it relates to decode them in 1884 . Continued administrative division of the mandate of Aleppo is composed of three brigades are Brigade Aleppo and Mrash and Urfa even in 1910 , with separate brigade Urfa for the state this year , and became a state composed of two brigades only two Aleppo and Mrash , and remained this division unchanged until the end of Ottoman rule

the history of Zion Movement Lovers is mini-Zionism history as a whole. Perhaps the main difference is the realization of the Zionist movement after Herzl inevitable dependence on Western imperialism to put into practice the Zionist project, and at a time when the Lovers of Zion fell in self-reliance. It is noted that there are several currents within the movement has become one of the most important trends in the Zionist movement: Trend general led to Alenblom calls for the establishment of settlements and by without insisting on any preambles, then two currents represent the ethnic discourse first mainstream ethnic secular represented by Ahad Ha'am, and the tide of religious ethnic led by Muhiliver. It is noted that these two currents, despite the virtual Conflict, they continued working together in order to achieve their Goals, these movements were not but an echo of the dispute interface in the Jews and the dispute with the countries that is home temporarily to them, but the most prominent role Russia played in the founding of the Lovers of Zion, which embraced conferences for the most part, in this brief on the so-called "Lovers of Zion View," we will know them first, and we refer to the role of Russia in this regard and we follow this assembly and its impact on the Zionist situation inside and outside Russia .

The independence of Algeria in 1962 of colonization French long as the 132-year-old signed and left its impact in the affairs of the Algerian life General Perhaps the economic most important where, as France was keen to independence agreements "Evian agreements" to devote French hegemony on the economic and military terms, the Algerian private, which is effect the Algerian oil sector even after independence in sustenance, which was the sector forms the backbone of plans and programs of economic reconstruction and development, which was Algeria planned to be in the first years of independence, were the years that saw the French control of the Algerian oil sector bus Algerian attempts to retrieve those with important wealth Big Algeria and complete political independence and economic independence from the colonial full French company, hence the importance of this research, which came under the general features of Algeria's oil policy 1962-1965 title

Contributed Wellington Koo in each event diplomat almost since 1912 and until 1967 , it was chaired by Koo Chinese delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 , and refused to sign a peace treaty because it did not include the restoration of the rights of Chinese related to the province of Shandong Chinese or cancel demands Japanese st century. Triumphed diplomatic Koo in the Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922) on the confidentiality agreements with Japanese major countries and the military machine Japanese and even the Japanese diplomatic as well as when managed in this conference, which was chaired by also the Chinese delegation to regain the territory of Shandong to China , as well as the lifting of restrictions on trade and customs tariff Chinese . The victory of Koo in the Washington conference to push the Chinese government sent to negotiate with Russia, and he signed with them in 1924, the Russian-Chinese agreement , which ceded by Russia for a lot of privileges for China , that convention was another victory for diplomacy Koo. Succeeded Koo to win the League of Nations , to adopt the report of the committee to iTunes , it condemned the report, the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931 , and demanded the return of the territory to China , did not end up on it , but was able through his work as an ambassador in the capitals of European countries in mobilizing international support to the issue of China and the safety of and territorial integrity of the Japanese attacks , which lasted since 1931 , and until the beginning of World War II in1939. Thus counting Koo throughout almost half a century of Chinese power and its weapons outside China who can rely on it to repel attacks and restore their rights in a time when the lack of arms and military power , as a model for counting Koo philosophy of Chinese political reform .

iraq has witnessed in general and Hilla is particularly important stage of the conflict stages between foreign Petty which taken after entering the legitimacy of Islam to expand in different countries, and this conflict is reflected negatively on the different cities of the country, you do not find it stable politically and economically across the country the more dominated mini-state on areas certain and had a force attacked other mini-states in Iraq and took its place, and the country was in the nineteenth century fifteenth century theater of the conflict between Algelairah state that was at the stage of weakness and deterioration in Iraq and the raised Turkmen State and which was dubbed (Qara Qoilo), which was able to keep Algelairien away from Baghdad, Hilla and a number of other areas, however, these exclusion did'nt could on Algelairah force that was able once again to clear the Qara Qoinlo from Baghdad, Hilla, for the period (826 AH / 1423 AD -835 AH / 1431 AD), which after this date came back Qara Qoilo to take control until the year 857 AH / 1453 and who must struggle and compete with the emirate Almhasaih on several areas, including the Hilla and that the suffered alot at this stage of the conflict and in the last stage of this century began a new competition between the statelet alak Qoilo which was able to keep the Qara Qoilo and the Principality of Almhasain and a victory in which the for alak Qoilo

Research examines the political activity Al-sayed musawi Khomeini in najaf city between (1965-1978).divided the research in to six axis addressing each section aspect of political activity to Alsayed Alkhomeini in najaf .Studies first section the reasons that led to the exile of mr.khomeini to the holy city of najaf ,and studied the second section relationship institution religious shia in najaf and its position toward the political ideas of the ruling regimes and studied .third axis his efforts to re-contact his supporters to continue the revolution in Iran.and discus fourth axis in the relation ship of Mr.khomeini. the irag government after the death of Mr. muhsin al-hakim ,and studied fifth axis in the factors that led to the his emigration from Iraq to France.

I have assumed the city of Hilla important center of Islamic history at the seventh and eighth centuries AD in the field of Islamic thought, as it was one of the leading Islamic cities during these two centuries, and especially after the transfer of the Hawza of Najaf to hilla city so it became one of capitals of Islamic culture during these two centuries and it was many travels to it from all over the Muslim world in order to study at the hands of scientists who gained prominence in all parts of the Islamic world. This intellectual prosperity came at a time when the Muslim world is torn into rival political blocs has diminished importance of science in a lot of places and as a result of those reasons the city of Hilla was the focus of voyagers scientists and researchers, and the importance of this topic to clarify what the homes of Hilla, scientists from the big status in the dissemination of science and how replaced the schools that deserted them during these two centuries.

The subject of castration in ancient times is one of the very important issues, and the importance of this topic because it including matters within the door of history was silent about it , and perhaps it was why this subject Including this section due to his topic of allergies and stay away from indulging in it because the vocabulary used may have Researcher to refrain from mentioned for entry to it because he will be in the immoral side, according to the reader, on the one hand, on the other hand, the sensitivity of wading in it comes from the hand compromising some sacred symbols, it is imperative for the researcher, who is running in this area that is exposed to some of the caliphs and historical figures who had a presence in this subject, and their presence here was negative in many of the aforementioned incompatible with Islamic law and social custom accidents, even founded a common phenomenon campus of Islam, which is not to promote one form or another to the process of castration, as well as use a number of those symbols eunuchs for sexual purposes and this certainly contradicts to Divine Holy of Islam , so the researcher in this topic need to have the courage and boldness to fight it, hence the importance of this subject, let alone say that the move away from such a topics would probably stay this task of history joints without enlightenment and search, and will remain in limbo, not It must be said that the Orientalists wrote just likes of these topics in the impressive and unique research, so as to deprive some of them in writing and without being influenced by the tendency of the hand of the authorities and they wrote with neutrality and that was one of the reasons for the success of their writings and been Famous.

The study revealed that Muslims in Valencia and although some of harassment they have suffered in the historical stages varying , but they were able to maintain their faith and Islamic mosques and their judges for a period of more than three centuries, and in particular since the fall of Valencia in the year ( 636 AH / 1238 AD ) and even convert them in a year ( 932 AH / 1525 ) by King Charles the first , as it fired on Muslims during this era calls Mudéjar because most of them have been working with farmers, kings and nobles .- That the reason for the openness of Spanish policy on Mudéjar in Valencia essentially due to their importance economic were authorities in Ergun favors the survival of these Muslims on their migration because the migration means offering large tracts of land to ruin because of the lack of knowledge of the new settlers of Christians agribusiness Moreover, the presence of Kingdom of Granada alive made Spanish politics works thousand account before you submit any step against Muslims in Valencia and other regions .- Enjoy Muslims in Valencia, a kind of tolerance in the reign of Charles I. However, this tolerance did not last long despite promises made by the King said Muslims are free to practice their beliefs , and did not hold Charles first long before the pressure that was exposed by the Christian church so decreed in the year ( 932 AH / 1525 AD ) eliminates the necessity of evangelizing all Muslims in Valencia .- Rejection of Muslims in Valencia accept the decision of the Christianization issued by King Charles I broke many of the revolutions in the city of Valencia faced authorities in Argun by force , but that these revolutions have made Charles I linger in the implementation of the policy direction of the Muslims as a retreat from his decision should be left Muslims in Valencia for their Arabic language and gave them instead of the deadline last for more than ten years as well as Muslims in the city exempted from prosecution mentioned inspection bureau for more than forty years .- Become Muslims in Valencia by a decision Christianization Christians technically and fired on them naming Almaurickjon any Christians new , but they were able to maintain their Islamic beliefs , customs and traditions of Arab and Osttaau drop from a lot of the decisions that were taken by the authorities of Christianity against them , especially those that belong to their beliefs and customs and so for Using Anthajhm the principle of dissimulation as permitted one jurists Moroccans a Amorawi of Muslims in Spanish territory acceptance exercise rituals of Christianity in the case of falling under duress to have faith the heart of the Islamic faith , taking into account continuing performance of religious rituals of the Islamic secret, and thus was able to Muslims in Valencia maintain their privacy Islamic and language even expulsion from Spain , as well as it has resorted Almaurickjon in Valencia to pay bribes to the authorities of Christianity in order to delay a lot of decisions that were made against them , especially those decisions issued by Philip II , which was aimed at restricting the Almaurickjon in the city mentioned in order to fend them off for the Islamic religion and spare the link between them and the cultural heritage them in order to then integrate them into the Christian community .- Realized that Spanish policy futility of the process of Christianization in Valencia to hold Muslims in this city, the Islamic religion and Hvazam on the customs and traditions of social even described by one Christian clergy in a report to King Philip II as Muslims they will end if Muslims of Algeria , so take King Philip II think seriously evict them from Spain , especially after the arrival of information to confirm their contact with Muslims in Turkey and Algeria to announcing a revolution in Valencia , but the conditions did not tack conducive to the involvement of Quilib second conflicts with various European countries, so for this decision to the reign of King Philip III , who did not find it difficult to make such a decision especially after holding peace treaties with various countries of Europe .- Disagree with the position of the decision of expulsion of the Moors , some promise ( Faraj of God ) to the difficulty of leaving the country in the previous stages , while others reject this decision was hard for them to leave the country where they grew up They declared the revolution and rebellion , which was the outcome vanished lives for the sake of the homeland.- Exposure Almaurickjon during their expulsion from Valencia to the difficult conditions was the exposure to the killing and looting , whether they walked inside Spain or in the country, which arrived it was Avent diseases, most of them , and the rest of them did not deliver from the domination of the gangs in the page tragic history is not anything like it .- The study revealed the significant role played by Moriskyn in the economic side of agriculture, especially since they were the most important element of the production, and this explains why our parking nobility as well as the Moors deduced from the decisions that have been taken against them especially expulsion decisions

the arabs before islam have been effected with the idolatry of Mesopotamia ,They had a variety of Thought and beliefs .They believed in worshiping Natural phenomena , live creatures and stones. They did not deny the god since they admit his existence and worship him. The Ancient civilization Knew religions, they left written and architectural heritage full of Religious beliefs and myths. and Religion Throug history, was on of the The basic components indispensable from people lives All religious Teaches narrate the story of creation and describe the relationship between man and his god(Lord).

Alexander the Great was one of the most famous figures of the old history. He succeeded to extend his authority to many of the old world countries to control an area that had never been controlled before. He inherited courage, boldness, and strength from his father, plus beauty and delicacy from his mother. That greatly enabled him to get the likelihood of his people. He used to respect the cultures of the peoples he invaded and that led to a kind of acceptance on the part of the people who became under his control. The unique characteristics, he had, helped him much in his endeavor to create an international unified empire collecting all the peoples of the world in one country. He could achieve part of his dream but his sudden death at the age of youth put an end.

The mandate of the Covenant of important issues given by the Kings Assyrians attention and clear through careful selection of the crown prince during their lives, in order to avoid wrestling, which might occur between their children in order to ascend the throne of the Assyrian after their death, and despite what Attention and importance those kings gave to this matter, failure However, it was an ally of some of them, as is the case with all of the King (Sennacherib) (704-681 BC. m), and King (Esarhaddon) (680-669 BC. m), which they had set the young their children in the position of crown prince on others their children account older; because of their love to their children who are chosen in this position of love feelings , as submission to the wishes of (pure - Zakoto), the second wife and mother first

The Jew religion had been deeply affected by the idolatrous Babylonian rituals. It had not been aberrant until they had occurred in the times of writing the Old Testament after loosing of the religious tablets in the Babylonian Captivity. That time had been the representative of the initial stages of Jew religion. The oneness of God had remained dominant although these times had witnessed periods of polytheism among many Jews as in the deity of the Calf by the Samaritan during the days of the prophet Moses. The Jew Religion had been a kind of a mixture taken from Babylonian, Egyptian and Canaanite religious rituals. After being captivated, the general tendency of the Jew Religion had been towards materializing, likening and polytheism. This had been apparent in all the historical stages of the Jews. This tendency could be understood as a result of being affected by religious Babylonian thought. The issue of whether the deity is for one god or more had not been so deep in their beliefs since the materialistic and pragmatic method of life had been more important for the Jews. Judaism pays more attention for secular matters than to the matters of faith. The faith in the unseen and metaphysical issues has not been the main focus for this religion since it only focuses on the present materialistic reality. Historically speaking, the social life of the Jews had been drastically affected by the religious teachings taken from the rituals. These rituals had been put by the rabbis who were affected by the polytheistic religious thought. It is well-known fact that most of the ancient world’s myths are but stories about gods, and the main theme of its events is about their attributes and their supernatural deeds. Some of the scholars believe that the myths are a kind of spiritual achievements and the writers of these myths have been gifted persons with deep insights whereas some other scholars believe that the myths are closely connected with the religious rituals and therefore they are only fabulous stories used to interpret the nature of the universe and the destiny of Man and his beliefs. The writers of the Old Testament had been affected by those myths and they had put the myths in the books of the Old Testament through the Old Testament translating them from the texts of the Ancient Near East in the Mesopotamia. The books of the Old Testament included many myths and fabulous stories in addition to very important historical information concerning the civilization of Mesopotamia. Those written texts had drastically affected the Jews myths, stories and knowledge; therefore, they had included them in the Old Testament. The Jews had been also affected by the Mesopotamian literature and this effect had been reflected in the development of their religion and in their literature. As a result, Judaism cannot be understood unless the religions and civilizations of the Near East had been taken into consideration. This is apparent in the fact that the god had been given several names taken from different peoples they had been closely living with them. As a result, their beliefs might be seen as a heavenly religion or polytheistic one.

Stanislavski began in the light of the natural theater earlier in (Germany Al Mengjd In France, Andre Antoine) trying to achieve foreign conforming to historical reality through numerous studies for decoration and fashion ... where natural theater depends on the decor on the principle of accuracy in the reproduction of reality and that everything stage must be real as possible. And construction on stage not only multiplicity of rooms and even multi-storey also real and ladders and doors of oak. The natural theater owners aspire to is sought by (Yan sativa) in public landscapes something integration decree with the real thing. And the artist in the natural theater as when (Yan sativa) create and collaborator closer cooperation with carpenter and woodcutter and the play-maker accessories. It also seeks to transform the stage to show the tools real museum age or less copied estimate for age fees or by photographs taken from museums. () In this way, coupled with a way to copy the historical style and transport photography natural theater to achieve the principle of Foreign conforming to historical reality.

The current research addressed with title (THE CHARACTER OF THE WOMAN IN THE THEATRICAL TEXTS OF ABSON AND LORKA) has shed the light upon this persecuted character and how every writer has dealt with , choosing this topics was due to its importance, the research included three chapters:First chapter dealt with the problem of the research which was represented with the question (How did each of Abson and Lorka deal with the character of the woman in the theatrical texts socially and psychologically?) Also the first chapter dealt with the importance and need of the research because it shed the light on character caring of the woman also with the issue of liberating the woman that invaded a big space from the concern of Abson and Lorka, also it’s a cognitive product that benefit the researchers in the field of theatre notably in the field of the literature and the history of theatre, also this chapter included the goal of research which was concentrated on knowing the method used by Abson and Lorka with the character of woman socially and psychologically, also included the limits of the research that was defined by time from 1828-1906 for the theatrical writer (Henric Abson) and the year (1898-1936) for the theatrical writer Gharista Lorka. By place was in (Norway) – (Spain) . By subject :studying the character of woman in the plays of Abson and Lorka within a comparison study , this chapter was ended with defining most important terms mentioned in the research. The second chapter was about (the theoretical frame and previous studies and discussing them)and included three sections, first one dealt with the (character of woman in the humanitarian communities) a historical study, second section dealt with ( the concept of the personality psychological), third one dealt with (the character of woman in some texts of international theatre), this chapter was finalized with some evidences resulted from theoretical frame and discover the previous studies.The third chapter concerned with (procedures of the research ) as it include the population of the research and its sample that was two theatrical texts chosen intentionally as it include main female characters in different historical periods, also it included the research's tool, research's method as the researcher used the analytical depictive method due to its convenience to the research, the research was finalized with analyzing the samples of the research.Four chapter included the results and most important ones are:1-First sample: the woman in this sample is free to have any decision she wants throw the slapping of the door that let Noor get released from its prison . 2-Second sample : the woman is imprisoned to traditions and rules and she is defending them . The third chapter was ended with conclusions, suggestions, recommendations, list of references and appendixes and English abstract.

The current research (representations of concern in drawing expressive _ Edvard Munch a model) in an attempt to detect the concept of anxiety and it's representation in output artistic aesthetic expressive, but for stopovers in artistic styles of the currents of modern _ drawing expressionist private _ came this study was to highlight the importance of the psychological dimension and it's representation in production aesthetic of the artist (Munch). And ending to achieve the aim of the research, which dealt with the study of representations concern in expressive drawing _ Edvard Munch a model, the research has included four chapters, the first devoted including: a systematic framework starting with the problem of search and search through in order to :- Revealed representations concern in fees Edvard Munch- For the time period (1885 - 1900) in the works of art (paintings textured oil) for the artist Munch, as well as identify the terms that expose her search. As such the second quarter, the methodological framework for research, contained three sections, within the first section, the concept of anxiety, attention has been focused in the second part, about, concern in the light of theories of psychology. The third section has included: anxiety and The current research (representations of concern in drawing expressive _ Edvard Munch a model) in an attempt to detect the concept of anxiety and it's representation in output artistic aesthetic expressive, but for stopovers in artistic styles of the currents of modern _ drawing expressionist private _ came this study was to highlight the importance of the psychological dimension and it's representation in production aesthetic of the artist (Munch). And ending to achieve the aim of the research, which dealt with the study of representations concern in expressive drawing _ Edvard Munch a model, the research has included four chapters, the first devoted including: a systematic framework starting with the problem of search and search through in order to :- Revealed representations concern in fees Edvard Munch- For the time period (1885 - 1900) in the works of art (paintings textured oil) for the artist Munch, as well as identify the terms that expose her search. As such the second quarter, the methodological framework for research, Vahtoy three sections, within the first section, the concept of anxiety, attention has been focused in the second part, about, concern in the light of theories of psychology. The third section has included: anxiety and The current research (representations of concern in drawing expressive _ Edvard Munch a model) in an attempt to detect the concept of anxiety and it's representation in output artistic aesthetic expressive, but for stopovers in artistic styles of the currents of modern _ drawing expressionist private _ came this study was to highlight the importance of the psychological dimension and it's representation in production aesthetic of the artist (Munch). And ending to achieve the aim of the research, which dealt with the study of representations concern in expressive drawing _ Edvard Munch a model, the research has included four chapters, the first devoted including: a systematic framework starting with the problem of search and search through in order to :- Revealed representations concern in fees Edvard Munch- For the time period (1885 - 1900) in the works of art (paintings textured oil) for the artist Munch, as well as identify the terms that expose her search. As such the second quarter, the methodological framework for research, Vahtoy three sections, within the first section, the concept of anxiety, attention has been focused in the second part, about, concern in the light of theories of psychology. The third section has included: anxiety and Tmtlath in expressionist painting. The third chapter contains research procedures in terms of inventory research community, the tool that included information gathering, and was adopting a sample of it in a way intentional, it was the number (6) models (paintings painted textured oil) covered within search adoption descriptive approach for the purpose of analysis. Finally the fourth quarter included the results and conclusions that emerged from the research in light of the goal, and how they relate with the theoretical framework data, and most important of these results :-1_for self-expression and ways to show concern form and meaning by giving away semantic and symbolic after failure of a realistic figure accommodate dimensional psychological and self Mknunat.2_ represented shapes in fees (Munch) varied in content and themes and ideas, as the artist to take advantage of the idea of a single basic and embodied broadcast speech optical creative new loader significance and implications of symbolic values expressive deeper and heavier, as in panel (dance of life).in expressionist painting. The third chapter contains research procedures in terms of inventory research community, the tool that included information gathering, and was adopting a sample of it in a way intentional, it was the number (6) models (paintings painted textured oil) covered within search adoption descriptive approach for the purpose of analysis. Finally the fourth quarter included the results and conclusions that emerged from the research in light of the goal, and how they relate with the theoretical framework data, and most important of these results :-1_for self-expression and ways to show concern form and meaning by giving away semantic and symbolic after failure of a realistic figure accommodate dimensional psychological and self Mknunat.2_represented shapes in fees (Munch) varied in content and themes and ideas, as the artist to take advantage of the idea of a single basic and embodied broadcast speech optical creative new loader significance and implications of symbolic values expressive deeper and heavier, as in panel (dance of life). in expressionist painting. The third chapter contains research procedures in terms of inventory research community, the tool that included information gathering, and was adopting a sample of it in a way intentional, it was the number (6) models (paintings painted textured oil) covered within search adoption descriptive approach for the purpose of analysis. Finally the fourth quarter included the results and conclusions that emerged from the research in light of the goal, and how they relate with the theoretical framework data, and most important of these results :-1_for self-expression and ways to show concern form and meaning by giving away semantic and symbolic after failure of a realistic figure accommodate dimensional psychological and self Mknunat.2_represented shapes in fees (Munch) varied in content and themes and ideas, as the artist to take advantage of the idea of a single basic and embodied broadcast speech optical creative new loader significance and implications of symbolic values expressive deeper and heavier, as in panel (dance of life).

Means of this research study (attributes aesthetic art icon), which is located in the four chapters devoted the first chapter to introduce the research problem, and its importance and need for it, and its purpose and its limits, and review of the most important Almsstalhat contained therein.The focus of the problem of current research on a vision research Taatnavz with data fees iconic Christian, of a religious nature, the crystallization Mqterpat thinkers combines the Christian religion and the authority of the Church on the one hand and between art iconic On the other hand, were products of Christian art attracts visions of knowledge and religious evidence of special optical Bloicona, which confirmed that the religious discourse, correctly and shares in the probe of Christian thought, with more foresight and reflection and research on the process of the contents of humanity, through the codes of visual and documented themes of Jesus Christ (pbuh) and Mary (p), as a model Ntqsy through pictures icons idea of freedom from level to level sensory intuitive, and becomes the perfect ideas that affect the technical or buildings is to be portable it, a disclosure for real hidden of knowledge that are extrapolated, but trading at the discretion of the religious Christian religion of the assets and ideas of multiple visions.The problem arose during the current search Altsaullac answer the following: What are the aesthetic features that characterized the products of the art of icon? If there were Mqterpat religious productions that have been subjected to embrace the vision of allegorical spectrum to reflect the scenic icon, what are the structural data, which affected the iconic buildings is in accordance with the privacy of Kulim the link between form and content?

The research aims to engagement with philosophical arguments that dealt with the origin of sense in light of what he suffered (Foucault, Derrida, Heidegger) in their different visions about the concept of discourse of knowledge, that Described as speech cumulatively sequentially, as these cumulative historical produces differences and Discriminations according to time reference realism and givens and social imperatives of the historical evolution and dynamics, which means certainly kinetics epistemological frame the effort cognitive done visually, and confirms Heidegger on the origin centered three trends is the artwork and the artist and the reference aesthetic, and makes his questions the primacy of one of them on the assumption that only the original, but the final outcome up to the fact that the multi-proliferative and at the same time originally, and so can not delivery the origin of one based artwork reference.

The Arab societies lived and since ancient time , series of historical frustrations, especially due to the impact of wars and invasions, by the fact that the Arab region was and still is the focus of the task of many civilizations in order to control them, but this does not prevent the Arab Human preserve the historical and cultural Treasure against a lot of anti-currents, Because these communities began to evolve gradually over previous periods despite the obstacles began to impose its control to handcuff cultures which colonized the country by imposing its culture on the culture of the colonial state (territory), from here that the occupying state become a march to the orders of countries it occupied. The problem is based in the reality of those communities that have the culturally Treasure they now need to elevate this cultural Treasure front of the development that took place the culture of the world, especially Western countries, but we Arabs have we stayed in our places as a result of cultural backwardness in most Arab societies to the lack of intellectual awareness, as we have become imitators of Western cultures, which took art in general and theater in particular, of the ideas that led to the emergence of quasi-dramatic features of civilization in Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley civilization representative and the reviews that were made in the eastern theater.

Art Mixed and correlation with many of the philosophical and scientific concepts, particularly the mixing of aesthetic thought and philosophical meditation and literary criticism and art from history side , and this mixing and correlation and overlap , was the result of lack of separation of aesthetic and isolation from the philosophical and intellectual musings with all it's Channels , so elaborated aesthetic with it's mixed and blended Products with the land of philosophy cultural, historical and Thought and literary.It calls for the study of beauty that monetary outlook experimental and analytical study of art and genres, in order to identify its nature and value, in order to open prospects and analysis of the aesthetic structure in a scientific sober. This note examines the description of beauty that aesthetic appeal, as well as the value of absorbed realistic thought of life annuity with a comprehensive art value and level, any relational study between the aesthetic things with reality.

Fantasy have been Taking ample space of the concerns of philosophers and critics and get inside the way people think and mythology and myths, customs and religions, because the element engine of the interaction of those people with the world and interact with other people, so the importance of the fantasy element of the achievements of scientists, artists, each according to the exact competence, and therefore Imagination generates creativity and innovation. Not for the imagination to enable the Einstein of Anjar theory of relativity, which is a simple equation, but not fantasy element to enable Beethoven composed by the magnificent symphony (Symphony of Beethoven), and Vaknr well as through authored many books based on the so - called (melody signifier) ​​as well as with Jaykovski -authored to cut (Swan Lake), and when he managed to Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy written stories that carry a global character mimic the actions of its characters actions figures from every time and place. Imagination also enters the myths and beliefs of everyday peoples and enters as well as in the poetic side, which relies on self-expression through the poetic image expressive, and enters as well as in the works of drama authors the likes of Shakespeare and Ibsen and Chekhov, and enters the imagination as well as in the work of directors, playwrights like Stanislavski and Maarjuld and Peter Brook and Fajtankov and Brecht , not fiction stands at this point but included representatives work the likes of Charlie Chaplin and David Garrick and Sarah Bernard and Antonio Quinn, so the researcher coined the title for his research was in the form of a question you can employ in the performance of the theatrical imagination Representative of Iraq?

PROBLEMATICS OF INTERPRETATION IN THE ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY STRUCTURESThe application of Interpretable in the aesthetic research is intellectual processing to problematics of understanding and interpretation in the search for meaning and what lies behind it, whether in a literary text or visual text. The Interpretable an attempt to bridge the bonds of visions between the mind and the creative mind of the recipient, for the expansion of engagement and openness done to taste and aesthetic achievement openness to receiving conscious pleasure in reading it done.When it did not use the method Interpretable - extensively - in the interpretation of the Arabic Calligraphy configurations may prompt the researcher to study the Hebrew-oriented formations in taking it with symbols to replace the texts, in an attempt to illuminate the creative aspect of the Arabic Calligraphy.The researcher had counteracted the theoretical framework for the study and Interpretable the concepts and applications of the theory of mechanisms of revealing to his statements that serve the purposes of research on the study of lameness in the Interpretable of Islamic Art and the possibilities of the Arabic Calligraphy in responding to this trend. Search procedures contained in selected models are deliberate sample representative of the views of the research, The researcher has relied on by the decomposition included five of the pillars of Interpretable mechanism is a system (illustration, explanation, interpretation, analysis, Interpretable).The researcher has completed for presentation of the most important outcomes of the. Appeared to be the first exercise in the Arabic Calligraphy configurations help to understand the structure of the artwork and contribute to the detection of the internal laws. And Interpretable in the Arabic Calligraphy requires a deep understanding of the text and its implications in order to turn that understanding into blades and symbols of formal the Arabic Calligraphy has the ability to respond to them. The researcher cited in closing a number of guardians and proposals to complete the interest of research.

Operated placed time and space concerns philosophy since Greek Bwakirha became serious philosophical arguments in answering these questions is the process of movement of intellectual themes that ran the human mind levels including:Philosophical level in fact the movement and its relationship with spatial dimensions and how they relate to the concept of time and moment and now.Scientific level filled scientific thought through scientific propositions for physicists and fact-laws in mechanics and the evolution of scientific lesson through radical transformations in human knowledge structure, especially since the beginning of the nineteenth century through the developments in the science of mechanics and optical physics and large shifts in the twentieth century developments, after the revolutionary proposals that leaders Relative (public - and private) to Albert Einstein and opened the prospect of human knowledge about the prospects of the issue by absorbing data and laws Aharkhh in space and ِatom

the Current search Address (The aesthetic of the configuration of the contemporary Iraqi ceramics) contents of the beauty of art through the methods of treatment , reconstructive methods, and artistic techniques .the current research problem has been summarized by the following question :(what are the configuration systems in the contemporary Iraqi ceramics ? )The research has been divided into four chapters , the first one is about the definition of the research problem, its importance and the need for it, the aim of the research was summarized ( defining the configuration systems in the contemporary Iraqi ceramics ) , it also Included definition about the limits of the research and determine the terms contained in it .The second chapter is the theoretical frame of the research , and it has been divided into two topics :The first topic is about ( the artistic configuration and the system concept ).The second topic is about ( the formative foundations of the Iraqi contemporary ceramics).And it also included indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies.While the third chapter included the procedures of the research, its samples, its methodology, and analyzing this sample. The forth chapter contained the conclusion of the research,and among the findings that the researcher had found :The Iraqi contemporary ceramics derived a set of cultural regimes to Harmonizes the expressive topic with configurations vocabulary, the most important ones are the human cultural heritage , the Islamic heritage and the local heritage. The colorimetric processes had ascertained unity in the diversity within the structure of the overall work by the chromatic contrast, the harmony, and the consistency in the value of any single color according to the pure subjective vision.The research ends with the most important recommendations, suggestions, sources, and summary.

Synectics is a mechanism for creating and innovative thinking . this mechanism has designed to produce new ideas innovative which often focused (converting strange to the familiar and vice versa with respect to the problem). The word Synectics is came from the Greek language (Synecticous) means writing different elements with each other. (Synectics) start in 1944, which was founded by (Gordon William GG Gordon) during chaired for an intensive study of the processes of creative and innovative with a number of artists of the Fine Arts. This mechanism is one of the important mechanisms that have proved remarkably successful in solving problems and creating ideas and products development have been applied in many renowned international companies such as Ford Motor Company Apple Electronics Company, Shell oil, channel CNN, channel BBC and others. . we can summarize the problem in the absence of a mechanism possible use by one person (designer or other.) in addition to the lack of literature Arab Turning to this mechanism, limited research on its borders to put mechanisms applications has included studied in detail with respect to use by a single user. The researcher found through his study the following results: 1 – proposed a mechanism in a simple easy to understand and the possibility of their use. 2 - Design proposal for the establishment of ( Synectics S) possible to work out a single (industrial designer, or any specialty needs to solve problems or brainstorm new).

Boils down to current research study printing techniques that are working in the Iraqi Academy, which is one of our country's scientific edifice Iraq who carried it upon himself to supplement the library of relevant scientific sources subjects scientific sings that Enriching reader with promote research and studies concerned with various aspects of life, the search of the three chapters of the first quarter to ensure the problem and its importance and purpose of Chapter II has included theoretical framework found on sources that have role in this chapter information and scientific matters Related The third chapter has been the measures put forward was chosen as the Search (4) Publications and researcher reached several conclusions.

Human faces of many development changes of all personal sides . the identity formation presents the pivot of this change as it connects with human capacity of specifies proud and his Roles in life, through at temptation reaching for discions for questions being insistent and present of (Ego Identity Crisis ) such as (who am I, what I want, what's my goals in life, where I am going to ),through the formation process ,human be on contrast sides As he could reach to specific answers achieving his identity. Or he suffers from confusion and Diffusion in his identity presentation of failing of reaching to answers of questions and failing of specification aims and Roles .the researcher tries to discover to the nature relationship between formation identity and self-adjustment development As, the researcher applies the subjective measurement to form the Identity and self-adjustment on sample about 352 from university's students. the research ends to totally result that confirm the positively relationship to develop self adjustment achieving Ego-Identity and the negation of Diffusion, to the weakness relationship between self-adjustment development and the medium statuses with tendency of lower influence of moratorium and identity foreclosure.

The research topic of the impact of the pattern of teaching aids in the collection knowledge to students in the Department of Education in patterning of decorative materialTo achieve the objective researcher ( 6 ) null hypotheses address the research variables with limited border on the first –grade student in the D department of Art Education .College of Fine Arts . University of Babylon . for the academic year 2012 – 2013 Second semester in the patterning of plant material .The second chapter .where the first two topics .Teaching aids look philosophical .The second pattern means . Included in the third quarter . The research sample consisted of ( 32 ) male and female students .Divided into four groups of three including a pilot and the fourth officer. Each group included ( 8 ) students .Where the studied experimental group using the first and planned educational way . Studied in the experimental group using a second monitor . the studied with the experimental group using third photographers . Either the control group were examined according to the usual way And subjected to the test of the four groups posttest . According to the researcher . as grades obtained by students according to Asthmas to especially designed for this purpose.The results of the research outweigh the experimental group first used it means the planned educational methods used on the other . Among the recommendations is the need to recruit the planned educational display educational materials because of its positive features . it is recommendation proposals in other materials and observe its impact in improving the level .

This study aimed to reveal the concepts of human rights guaranteed by the history books for the preparatory phase of the Republic of Iraq, and identified the basic problem of this study the following question: What are the concepts of human rights, which are included in the history books for the preparatory phase of the Republic of Iraq?The study tried to answer some of the questions on concepts that were repeated more than others and those that are less recurrence, as well as how to distribute the types of concepts in the books mentioned, and to achieve the objectives of the study rely researchers search descriptive of the type of content analysis (content analysis) for being a good and appropriate for the analysis of the content of history textbooks preparatory school in the Republic of Iraq, and taken a sentence and paragraph as units of analysis for the extraction of concepts of human rights contained in the books mentioned, and held for two honesty through the presentation of form analysis Addinm experts Mndhua competencies in teaching methods and science Alnevswaltarich to ensure accommodate the concepts of all human rights, as was confirmed Stability analysis by re-analysis process. The agreement coefficient extracted using equation Holsta H0listi.The study resulted in the following key findings:1-in the history book for fourth grade was a literary concepts: economic rights, cultural rights, health rights, social rights, the rights of the people are the concepts that were repeated more than others.2 - in the history book for the fifth grade was a literary concepts: economic rights, the rights of the people, political rights, personal rights are concepts that are repeated more than others.3- In the history book for sixth-grade literary concepts: the people's rights, social rights, environmental rights, economic rights are concepts that are repeated more than others.

The language of the most important pillars of human life and existence, as it is a tool of understanding and expression of what touring in the same sensations and feelings, has a God-given rights to be the primary means to build his life and his community, a natural instrument for community members to disclose what is in their minds, and if we look and function is found based on communication and communication, and this refers to the important social role.The Arabic language is the language of the Koran which is the national language of the sons of the Arab nation that is proud of all the Arabs and take pride in them, and that depends on the collection of information must therefore occupy the first place in education.In spite of the large number of factors that are intertwined and lead to the weakness apparent in the speech, however, that one of the important reasons in the opinion of the researcher due to lack of care teachers in the detection of the effectiveness of the use of models of teaching that have proven their efficiency in teaching, this whole push researcher to conduct his current using a specimen of Thelin in the teaching of expression and disclosure of its impact on the performance of expressive and critical thinking, perhaps contributing to the cure or alleviate the problem of unity, service to the Arabic language.To achieve the goal of the research, researcher selected randomly junior Faiha for Boys, and the way random drawing chose Division (b) to represent the experimental group that taught expression Bonmozj Thelin, and the Division of (a) represents a control group that taught expression in the traditional manner, reached the research sample (66 students) by (33) students in each group.The researcher conducted parity between students of the two groups in the following variables: (chronological age measured in months, their performance in expression, and their level of critical thinking).Researcher select subjects that are taught during the duration of the experiment after a presentation to a group of experts and specialists, and a promising scholar teaching plans for the topics to be taught during the duration of the experiment and offer two plans Onmozcetin researcher on the elite group of experts and specialists to learn disqualified and appropriateness.The researcher studied the same two sets of search during the duration of the experiment and after the end of the experiment dish researcher test critical thinking to students groups.Use the following statistical researcher means: (Zaúa test (Z-Test) The two extremes of the two independent samples, and Pearson correlation coefficient), and after analyzing the results, the researcher suggested the following:The superiority of the experimental group students who have studied the material expression using a specimen Thelin on the control group students who have studied the material in the traditional manner of expression in the test of critical thinking.The researcher concluded that the students responded to the specimen The lin in teaching and interacted with him has shown results on it.The researcher concluded to a set of recommendations, namely:The need to use a specimen Thelin in the teaching of expression, because of its role in improving the expression and provide students with critical thinking skills.Studied the expression of the need to give special importance and stature c.ommensurate Altobeirmen among the branches of the Arabic language and the other not to turn it into another lesson for another branch of the Arab or another lesson of a s.ubstance other than Arabic.Care thinking skills, especially critical thinking, and development in the Arabic language lessons to the students because they are important goals of education goals.He suggested the following:Conducting a similar study among the last of the preparatory stage.Conducting a similar study in other variables Kalatjah، collection and retention of information.Conduct a similar study to know the effect of a specimen Thelin in the development of creative thinking among students in the fourth literary

The research aims to study the effect of a strategy for Lehman (Think - Pair - participated ) in the collection of schoolgirls fifth grade and the level of ambitions in science general , study sample consisted of pupils School Aleem fifth grade primary school for the academic year 2013-2014 and reached their number ( 80 ) schoolgirl . The results of research on the following :The presence of statistically significant differences at the level ( 0.05) between the average score for the collection of students who are studying using a strategy (Think - Pair - co ) , and the average score for the collection of students who are studying in the usual way in science public .- The presence of statistically significant differences at the level ( 0.05) between the average scores measure the level of ambition for the pupils of the experimental group who were studying strategy (Think - Pair - co ) and the control group who were studying in the usual way .In light of this, the researcher concluded to a number of conclusions and recommendations and proposals .

IntroductionPhrasal verb, in both English and Arabic languages can be defined as a type of verb consisting of a sequence of a lexical elements. English phrasal verbs could be transitive or intransitive e.g. come in, get up, look out for, subtype may be distinguished on syntactic grounds into separable and inseparable. The particles may be classified into prepositional or adverbial types. Arabic language includes a linguistic item that shares some features of English phrasal verbs (often called prepositional verbs). Arabic phrasal verbs are classified as a subtype of transitive verbs. Transitive verbs in Arabic are classified into two types: transitive by itself such as يلقي in ﴿وَأَلْقِ عَصَاكَ﴾ (النمل: 10); and transitive through a preposition such as يعشو in وَمَن يَعْشُ عَن ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِين﴾) (الزخرف: 36) this later type is parallel to the English phrasal verbs.The present study is an attempt to show the syntactic and semantic aspects of phrasal verbs in both English and Arabic to find out the similarities and differences between the two languages in relation to this type of verbs.

This study are mainly concerned with different forms of future tense , as one of the constructions in English language on the hand , and a problematic area for Iraqi ESP learners on the other hand.Therefore , the study aims at measuring the students manipulating different forms of future tense.To achieve this goal, the study hypothesizes :1)Most of Iraqi ESP university students face difficulties in mastering different forms of future tense.2)Iraqi ESP learner , inaccurate responses at the production level may be attributed to misuse of different forms of future tense.To verify these hypotheses , a diagnosis test has been adopted and applied to a sample of Iraqi ESP university students at their second year , college of nursing , university of Babylon. Then , their response are collected and analyzed to give the following results:1)The students , performance has revealed that ESP university face difficulties in mastering different forms of future tense.2)The highest rate of their incorrect responses to questions of production level confirm that the subjects misuse the different forms of future tense

The firm relation between past and present incidents arises the inevitability to appreciate history. Hence, a considerable number of writers give the topic its due weight. History becomes the source of an already established material from which a writer can freely choose. According to this, history is envisaged as the speaking tongue of the writers' purposes. The writer does not have to take a firm stand in the topic. On the contrary, he has the flexibility to mould the material to what helps manifesting the writer's manipulation of the topic in accordance with the needs of his age and people. In fact, history exercises a great effect which deservingly makes it "the father of literature." The majority of writers are indebted to it to the extent that "Shakespeare has used historical material for theatrical purposes and his dramatic achievement would not have been the same without it