AL Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences

Abstract

It occupies foreign trade an important place in the Iraqi economy, as it represents a lifeline for him, because Iraq depends on export revenues to finance the economic development process, as well as to finance the import of consumer, investment and intermediate goods, and from this perspective have been taken this subject to be studied and analyzed. The first section dealt with the concept of foreign trade and economic growth. The second topic for standard analysis of the causal relationship between economic growth and foreign trade in Iraq for the period 1980-2013 has been allocated. Has been built on this research assumed a positive causal relationship between economic growth and foreign trade and economic growth has a direct impact on foreign trade. It was reached in this letter that the relationship between GDP and foreign trade growth is a causal relationship reciprocal, meaning that one affects the other. And that Iraq is a developing country country has a lot of resources that qualify for the application of the policy of import substitution and export promotion policy together, unlike many developing countries which have only a limited amount of resources, which, if used in one of the two policies is difficult to use them in the other.

Abstract
The concept of efficient stock market refers to the speed of prices in response to the information provided to the market , it is moving upward with good information and tend to decrease with the information is a good rule of supply and demand mechanism , and that this information reaches the market at random and independent of each other in time , so it will not be any of the dealers in the market able to anticipate the results of its movement and thus achieve profits unusual at the expense of others , for this would be the efficient market place to attract funds seeking investment capital that will flow to increase its effectiveness . So study aimed to determine the efficiency of the Iraq Stock Exchange , witch have been identified as the weak level , it has been used a test unit root based on Dickey _ Fuller test and test Phelps _ Byron addition to test contrast ratio , to test the efficiency of the Iraq Stock Exchange

Abstract

The foreign direct investment of important issues in the atheist and the twentieth century, has received interest specialists largely because of its significant impact in the development process Ktoled exports and reduce unemployment rates, etc., which encouraged the increasing competitiveness between developed and developing countries alike to attract direct investment in an effort to get rid of the debt resulting from external financing activities that strain the local economy, and this competition coincided with the rise in investments, which in turn increased as a result of financial globalization size, which is no doubt that foreign investment is not without risk, which may be the most prominent achievement of companies foreign maximum use of local resources is the optimal use of profitability, as well as the magnitude of enabling the formation of monopoly power in the production areas which hinder the development process, which will reflect negatively on the economies of the host countries. As a result of the global financial crisis, multinational companies have come under severe loss in the value of its assets and financial shares, which urged it to take new strategies in the mechanism of action, including conducting mergers and acquisitions is therefore assumed to research the existence of a positive direct correlation between foreign direct investment and the value of mergers and acquisitions. , And research is divided into three demands addressed first demand what foreign direct investment, and touched second requirement to mergers and acquisitions after the financial crisis, and focused the third demand benchmark analysis, it has been identified to have a direct impact on the capital's long-term flows.

Abstract



few years later problem of corruption had seen grown very fast due to its expansion And comprehensiveness, this issue affects both developed and developing economies, therefore, researchers and policy makers, focus on this problem which lead to found many national and international institutions to fight this dangerous phenomenon on the social , economic and political structure of states. This study aims to examine and analyze the factors and reasons which help the emergence of The phenomenon of corruption in its various forms and aspects , in order to find out the most important strategies to fight them. in this study we have reached that corruption leaves a devastating impact on the economies of developing countries, as it hinders the growth and development of private investment at its national and foreign levels, so fighting corruption “venality” is a major challenge for a country like Algeria in order to improve the investment climate and the success of the program of economic reforms for achieving the objectives of the program of support growth economic.
Key words: financial corruption, management corruption, economic growth, economic development, globalization.

Abstract

Iraqi economy was, and still is, suffering from many permanent developmental problems. And though a lot of problems were diagnosed so far, the governing authorities failed to solve them. Some of these problems became rooted and more complicated.

The prevailing thought since the mid 1950s of the last century was that oil income , and the huge financial resources , will facilitate accomplishing a unique economical and social process , with the hope of reaching sustainable natural resources , and arriving at a good living level for individuals , whether present or future generations.

Unfortunately, the practical results of development in Iraq have not yet achieved any success in this field. Thus, a number of questions can be raised. Is what many researchers described developing countries, whose economy is mainly based on oil, as the curse of resources true? Does this curse apply to Iraqi economy? Is it true that many developing countries got the Dutch disease? Is there indeed any contradiction between the availability of resources coming from exporting oil and sustainable development in Iraq? how did this happen? Is there any contradiction between democracy and the availability of financial resources of the governments, which makes them dictators? Dose this all apply to Iraqi successive governments? Then, why didn't the effect of oil extraction expand to other economic sectors?

Additionally, what about the oil policy of the present government (2014), which as known as oil production licences? Is it an oil policy which leads to repairing and improving the defect in the Iraqi economy? Is the desired aim "increasing the oil production and financial resources" or "achieving high rates of development so as to reach sustainable development? Is our current problem the low production of raw oil extracted, or how to establish oil industries, that are both complete and entangled with other productive sectors?

Abstract

Human capital is an important factor and a key to economic development, but that the process of its preparation requires an educational system and formative efficient and effective in order to prepare to enter the labor market and contribute to wealth creation, from this standpoint, the effectiveness of the education system and configuration, not with the volume output or structures and installations fitted him, as far as measured by its ability to supply the labor market in the hands of trained and qualified workers and specialized according to the requirements of this market here and highlight the role of theoretical analysis at the early and contemporary economists to emphasize the close relationship between human capital and the labor market.

After it became the world is now facing a wave of changes large and the revolution in science and technology and dynamic range affects everything E, which has not seen changes like those seen today, has led to the creation of new approaches to the economy turned the concepts, terminology and practices upside down, to be replaced by other variables more meaningful , as it invaded the information and communication technology and information most economic sectors and the various aspects of human life, and became the development of the world is due most often to possess each of the knowledge in the field of economic sciences, and which were not envisaged when our ancestors and become a knowledge-the main factor in contrast to the factors of labor and capital money, which led many to interpret what is happening on it to move into a new economic knowledge-based as an important element in the economy and the key to the success of development programs and economic development

Abstract

The aim of this Research was identify of impact of the implementation of knowledge management the extent and critical factors in achieving prosperity, organizational, study sample consisted of (87) employees of mobile operators the Middle Euphrates, tested this effect using has been regression simple analysis stepwise analysis of variance indicated this study the existence of the effect of the independent variable (operations implement knowledge management and factoring critical) in prosperity regulatory variable is a response and were processed program statistical ready (SPPS v.10) from the study found a range of important and based results on results were extracted a set of conclusions was notably: 1) The study that there is proved a relationship between the impact of the implementation of knowledge management and organizational prosperity. 2) There is an opportunity to achieve prosperity by relying on the implementation of organizational knowledge management if it is to take the mechanisms and tools for effective implementation. 3) the need to review policies, procedures and organizational structure adopted in the mobile operators to activate the implementation of investment and knowledge management optimally.

Abstract

The Current study aims to rationalization the banking consumer behavior by recruitment and using promotional mix, as external action taken by the bank, to influence consumer behavior,and study the role of promotional mix, in the rationalization of consumer behavior, as well as study and the extent of The study sample banks variation in the adoption of the study variables, Starting in that from the dual nature of the problem, It consists of two parties Including Both the Banking Service Provider, which it is includes the surveyed banks Administration, Where suffers from lack of awareness of the role and importance of Investment promotional mix elements, in the rationalization of the Purchasing behavior of the consumer banking , and it is reflected on the other side of the problem,which it includes bank customer,and make him characterized by being irrational in his behavior.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, It was built adefault model, specify the nature of the relationship between the independent variables,and Adopted variable, Emerged with it several main hypotheses, and branches from it several sub-hypotheses, show contrast and Correlation and effect relationship between the variables of the study,and the study sample has been selected of (396) employees, mostly occupants represents upper and middle management positions, in (19) branch of government banks,with (15) branch of the private banks, scattered in four Iraqi provinces in the middle Euphrates, The provinces of Karbala, Najaf and Babil, Qadisiyah, and the questionnaire form with interviews style has been adopted to support the accuracy of the data contained therein, also the appropriate sets of statistical techniques has been used to collect and analysis the obtained data, In order to validate the assumptions, by using software Like ( SPSS v.18 ), and( AMOS v.18 ),and( Microsoft Office Excel ver.10 ). The study found Several conclusions, the most important : That the surveyed banks have moderately promotional mix, , there is also a significance correlation with the impact between promotional mix ,with the rationalization of the banking consumer behavior,the study also found a set of recommendations.

Abstract

Sought Search stand on the concept of strategic recovery and its importance and its objectives and what are the elements of the strategic recovery, and having reviewed the views of writers and researchers about the details referred to, he found that the issue of the strategic recovery from the recent threads that made no mention of her research and studies very little. As has been standing on the concept of personal organization and related dimensions and pillars, then do the truth about the role that could be played strategic recovery in the construction and support organization personality, was chosen search for this purpose a number of industrial organizations in the holy city of Najaf to the research, and the collection of the requires data from a sample of managers in this community by a special form questionnaire prepared for the purposes of research has been distributed to the amount of sample (60) managers.

After that has been addressed this data statistically significant in the context of relationship engagement and impact, reaching the researchers to demonstrate moral and positive these two relationships, and two feet in the light of a number of proposals, most notably the need to conduct a new search in other organizations to draw the attention of the departments in which the importance of the strategic recovery as can be contribute to building organizations for the better and improve their level of performance.

Abstract

The subject of the study is one of the modern subjects that has become a paramount importance in the economic and administrative life of many organizations, including higher education organizations, which suffer from several problems including those related to the quality of performance, they are looking for modern methods in the basic objective of this study is to analyze and measure the impact of Gemba Kaizen n the quality of universities performance. The study relied on a number of assumptions in an attempt to get parctical the answers that can lead to solutions to raise the quality level of performance through using Gemba Kaizen. As a sample of the teaching staff in both private universities choose college future private university in Babylon and the College Islamic private University in Najaf, scope for the field side of the study, used the questionnaire as the main tool to collect data from individual sample study consisting of 62 teaching. The study found that Gemba Kaizen principle has a significant impact on the quality of performance, and the universities must focus on this principle to solve their problems.

Abstract

The research aimed to Find employment swaps contracts. the research was conducted in the tourism and hotel sector depending on a sample of this sector represented in the three hotels registered in Iraq Stock Exchange market, was launched search of a problem that is detected on the importance of the employment of the swap contracts intellectually In practice deeper .

The research used the financial instruments for this purpose. The study came up with a number of conclusions, including (possible hiring the swap contracts in the tourism and hotels for the sample. Of the sector research has shown that the employment of the swap contracts help to save costs and increase profits) The in important recommendations were found (That need to take advantage of theoretical concepts and application areas in the tourism and hotel sector)

Abstract

The research aims to solve the transportation problem by reducing the time allocated for transportation, and the transfer of goods from supply centers to demand centers, using easy to understand and application algorithm for decision-makers by providing the best solution for a variety of production distribution problems. This method involves a number of basic procedures to get the best solution, and the goal of reducing the time required to transfer the total time used in the export product, the total allocation for the shipping time to demand, and time points is of great significance in the transfer of goods, especially those that affect the climatic conditions in the transfer Transaction to demand authorities.

Note of "that time of the transfer does not change depending on the quantity of goods, and the analysis of the problem here is to reduce the transport time of any determining the maximum time required transporting the product in the shortest possible time, especially in cases of military transport and emergencies. When the time delay gives a big loss compared to the best costs, and using point the way zero is a modern and efficient with effective and easy method of application by the decision-makers in order to reach the right decisions with a comparison of this method with the way Russell approximate (RAM), and through the results proved that the zero-point method the best way compared with the way Russell approximate method (RAM).

Abstract

Testing the current research the impact of organizational support perceived in the behavior of an individual's work, a sample of workers in the al-Haidari General Hospital was (88) out of (423) angel healthy and was reached through the calculation of the forms that have been distributed and collected through the equation sport so special. The research on the basic assumptions is that organizational support perceived health of an angel affect the work pursued by the behavior, and that this impact will increase in the case provides leadership perceived support by the hospital management about the values and principles and customs they have, have used the questionnaire as a tool head for data collection, and hired a number of statistical methods to validate the hypotheses Kalmtost arithmetic mean and standard deviation and coefficient of simple correlation and analysis of simple regression and analysis of multi-tiered gradient. Came Find matching for most of the assumptions formulated in question a set of recommendations results from the most important to initiate the leaders of the health sector to conduct an audit and roasting comprehensive and accurate for all its policies and procedures and ideas in order to ensure the provision and to create an organizational culture dominated by change and innovation, creativity and adaptability in line with the current stage demands and pressures cumulative prior periods.

Abstract

The current research selected the dimensions of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, interactive justice) and the removal of functional combustion (emotional or psychological stress, lack of feeling, lack of sense of accomplishment). The purpose of the research was to examine the potential contribution of regulatory justice to the prevention of occupational combustion. Standing at the level of both organizational justice and functional combustion. Hence it becomes clear to us its importance. The search for the problem was carried out through a series of questions about whether there was a correlation between search variables. In light of this, a default model was built, resulting in the main and secondary research hypotheses.

In order to test the validity of the hypotheses, the data were collected through the questionnaire and prepared for this purpose. The sample was chosen for 40 students in the Technical Institute / Kufa. The data were analyzed using a set of statistical methods and the results were extracted using the computer software (v.16 SPSS). In the light of the results and their analysis, the research results in a number of conclusions. The teachers are highly concerned with the distribution of wages, financial benefits and bonuses, / Kufa, from their weak ability to influence, and loss of work significance.

Finally, the research presented a set of recommendations which are necessary to reduce the degree of occupational burnout experienced by the teachers in the field of work, including the management of the institute to adopt a new approach in strengthening organizational justice through fair treatment with the teachers, Modern management in reducing the state of separation of teachers from their work through the empowerment of teachers, re-engineering of human resources, redesigning the organizational structure, and promoting the introduction of technology at work.

Abstract

According to the trend that accelerated towards the use of electronic accounting and to the development of steady Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and accounting information is the cornerstone in the preparation of statements and accounting reports of the organization, which must be a great deal of quality, so IFAC prepare set of principles of electronic accounting in order to make the accounting information more reliable and suitable for the development of information technology.

This research introduces the concept of electronic accounting , the difference between it and the traditional accounting – paper version - as it determines the attributes of electronic accounting and problems associated with the application, in addition , identifies the main principles of e- accounting, and submit this research some of the concepts and tools of fuzzy logic that used to measure the quality of the e-accounting principles .

The method of measuring the quality of electronic accounting principles in this research by using of mathematical tools for fuzzy logic , and through the use of a weighted fuzzy average estimates personal about e-accounting principles and obtained through my application testing and questionnaire for the purpose of access to the views of academics and specialists where specify the first the relative weight and the second relative importance of each principle of IFAC.

The method that been applied evaluates through a number of steps related to fuzzy logic, which dramatically reduces the diligence and personal work to increase the accuracy of the assessment, as it is generally research aims to determine the relative importance of each principle of electronic accounting and its impact on the quality of preparation reports and financial statements of the organization.

Abstract

This study aimed to indicate the role of analytical procedures in the various audit stages, this study was conducted on a sample of the Court of board of supreme Audit in Najaf province data were obtained using a questionnaire in writing, as well as personal interviews with the Court monitors and study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of complete lack of familiarity with international standards analytical procedures by the auditors of the Bureau also found that deficiencies in the use of analytical procedures in the various audit stages and practiced by monitors Court affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit in addition to that there are difficulties you may encounter Court monitors to get some data necessary for carrying out analytical procedures and this affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit process.

The study came up with a number of recommendations: To stress on presuming using the analytical procedures to conduct the processes of auditing as they add evidence to form the auditor’s opinion during auditing. The importance of creating and running enlightenment and education programs for the observers regarding the use of the procedures as they help provide the financial lists and accounting reports able to give information about the process of auditing. The work on preparing special training programs for the analytical procedures to show their importance and the way of application in the different stages of the process auditing and to guarantee the effective application of these procedures. To provide the systems and regulations to organize the process of using the analytical procedures and to continue developing them in accordance with the international regulations.

Abstract

Hash algorithms are critical part in many cryptography applications and security protocol suites. This research works on enhancement MD5 algorithm. The enhancement method depended on multi techniques such as DNA coding, non- Linear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR), and Logistic function of Chaos theory. It will expand of input MD5 algorithm to 1024 bits instead of 512 bits, and change output to 160 bits instead of 128 bit. The complexity try\'s increase of data input by preprocessing before entrance MD5 operation, where, will use NLFSR and DNA coding in addition the use Logistic function of Chaos theory with each rounds of MD5. The efficiency of the modified method had proved by several comparative examples.