Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research

Thermostone industry is constantly evolving After its emergence as a distinctive building material, especially in terms of thermal and sound insulation, lightness and the preference for its use in construction, due to the speed of implementation and low costs, its use as reinforced panels was developed and was not limited to block walls only, this material began to appear in some buildings as a material to fill concrete structures and a material for creating partitions, and then it was adopted as a basic building material and it will have an effective role when integrating the industry of open system building systems that can be developed. This research examines ways to enhance specifications and create a thermostone building system that, in terms of function, performance, and construction techniques, both meets the needs of regional architecture and the technical development process as a whole. The research\\\\\\\'s goal is to increase the requirements of thermostone by introducing additives like polypropylene at a rate ranging from 1 to 5%. The addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) or organic fumigants (phosphine and sulfur) as well as three percentages, where 20% produced the best results. The substitution of a portion of one of its constituent materials with another component, as in the replacement of 2% of sand with fly ash powder after re-grinding it to a fineness of 75-85 micrometers to suit the mixing process and the use of white sand with a purity of up to 95%. The best results were obtained when replacing a powdered glass (the best replacement percentage is 10%). the best formation percentage is 0.12%, and the research regulated the ratios of the original thermostone ingredients, such as aluminum, with decrease and increase to achieve the best outcome.

This research aims to recover sulfur from sulfur residues of the chemical method for purifying mine sulfur in the Al-Mishraq mine by studying and using thermal and air-thermal treatment with a temperature range of 130-190 ºC and an increase of 10 degrees for each treatment. After being prepared in the sulfur residues (foam) by grinding it to 200 mesh and chemically analyzing it, we find that it contains a high percentage of elemental sulfur, amounting to 89.60% wt. As for its X-ray diffraction, it was found that the crystal structure of elemental sulfur is of an orthorhombic And after the completion of the two thermal and air-thermal treatments, then the extraction of the carbon-sulfur materials by using a 20% NaOH solution and analyzing them by FESEM, it was found that they have nanostructures and their granular size increased three times than the carbon-sulfur materials extracted from the untreated sulfur residue, and that they have a composition and crystal structure similar to graphite doped with sulfur. The industrial sulfur was filtered in a manner similar to the industrial method of sulfur production units, and 75% wt. of sulfur residues was recovered, and it was in conformity with the Iraqi standard specification 2199 of 2002.

Some medications in aquatic media pose a serious environmental risk. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a member of the sulfonamide group. Photocatalysis offers a promising technique to degrade organic pollutants into environmentally friendly substances. This study examined the effect of operating conditions (pH, time, and temperature) of the ultraviolet (UV)/TiO2 photocatalytic process on the degradation of SMX in an aqueous solution. Decreasing the pH value positively affects SMX degradation, and better removal values were obtained at a pH equal to 4. The optimum operating conditions for complete degradation in a solution containing 500 mg/L of SMX, TiO2 0.5 mg/L irradiation time of 420 min, and pH 4. Under these conditions, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was 62.6% at a temperature of 25 ℃. The effect of temperature was studied at three temperatures (25, 40, and 60 ℃) with pH 4. The elevation of temperature increased the COD removal rate to 99.62% at 60 ℃. Finally, the results of the reaction kinetics study showed that a first-order kinetics model described organic contamination removal data over time, and the obtained activation energy was 42.195 kJ/mol.

The need for early diagnosis of respiratory diseases, especially in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection pandemic, by means of pulse oximetry screening and monitoring has been substantiated. The expediency of using portable pulse oximeters by therapists and general practitioners is shown. The main respiratory diseases accompanied by respiratory failure, which can be promptly detected by pulse oximetry, are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Early detection of these diseases is an urgent task due to the low severity of symptoms of these diseases in the early stages and, as a consequence, the prevalence of late diagnosis. Pulse oximetry to detect coronavirus infection COVID-19 deserves special attention, since this infection is also accompanied by respiratory failure. The use of oxygen concentrators and CPAP devices for the treatment of respiratory failure has been argued. The effectiveness of the appointment of long-term oxygen therapy using oxygen concentrators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPAP therapy using automatic CPAP devices in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with mandatory pulse oximetry monitoring has been confirmed. A retrospective analysis of 120 cases of treatment of moderate and severe COVID-19 infection complicated by the development of pneumonia was carried out. The efficiency of using oxygen concentrators to supply patients with oxygen at a flow rate of up to 5 l / min has been proven. It was found that no more than 10% of patients needed an oxygen flow at a rate of more than 5 l/min. At the same time, the possibility of using CPAP devices for non-invasive ventilation of the lungs using full-face masks has been shown. The expediency of using oxygen concentrators and CPAP devices for the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19 was noted.

This study introduces the calculations of the radiation background, by characterizing the radionuclides and calculating their specific effectiveness in the environment of the city of Baghdad (soil and plants) using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. 20 soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected for 5 locations on the Rusafa side, where the site coordinates were fixed using the G.P.S device. A modern global gamma-ray spectroscopy system (DSA 2000) was used, with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with an efficiency of 50% and an analysis capacity of 2.2 keV with respect to the energy of 1332 keV for the 60Co source. The results of the specific activity rates of the radionuclides (214Bi or 214Pb), (228Ac or 208Tl), (40K), and (137Cs) in soil were: (50.735 Bq/kg or 0.525 Bq/kg) which is close to the value of the previously published results, as the highest value was recorded in Bangladesh (88.1 Bq/kg or 4.8 Bq/kg). The results of the qualitative effectiveness of the soil of the sites showed normal levels within the radiation background of Baghdad\'s soil. There was a significant convergence of the study\'s findings with other studies.

In this study, a chemical procedure was used to produce nano-silver particles (reduction method). At different molar concentrations, reactive substances including sodium citrate and silver nitrate were employed. A smaller average size is produced by mixing (sodium citrate: silver nitrate) at an optimal molar concentration of (1:20). To determine the Zeta Potential and (PDI) of the generated silver nanoparticles, the (DLS) Zetazaser instrument was employed. To examine the structural and component of produced silver nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction and EDX techniques are applied. The outcomes showed that this approach generated stable, homogenous nano silver particles with an average size of 58 nm and a PDI factor of 0.055. The electrospinning process was used to create different nano-fiber diameters of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) nanofibers reinforced with silver nanoparticles from solution under strict working conditions, including solution parameters (viscosity, temperature). Gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were used to test the antibacterial activity of tissue generated with silver nanoparticles. According to the findings, both species of bacteria were effectively suppressed to a degree of 99.99 percent by the tissue that was created.

In the current article, some physical properties of a system based on alumina (Al2O3) and supported by various weight ratios of TiAl were studied (5, 10, 15, 20, 25wt.%) by means of thermal spraying by flame, where oxygen gas was used at a pressure of 4bar, and acetylene at 0.7 bar. The base used for the coating is stainless steel type 316L, and a primary binder of 80%A1-20%Ni was coated with a thickness of approximately 100µm, while the base coating was 300µm thick, so that the total thickness was 400µm. The heat treatment of the final paint was carried out at a temperature of 1000°C for an hour and a half, after that physical tests were carried out through which the best mixing ratio was obtained, with a constant spraying distance of 16cm, and a constant spraying angle of 90° if found at that. The ideal conditions and after sintering that the best micro hardness is 56kg/mm2, the least porosity is 9.1%, and the highest adhesion strength is 29, while the results of the scanning electron microscope showed that the best mixing ratio is the 25wt.% in which the surface was homogeneous and has a consistent composition. An indication of the improvement of the samples with the continuation of repeated additions of the support material (TiAl).

The present study aimed to determine the levels of contamination with Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in one of the south oil company fields. The external gamma absorbed dose rate Dγ measured in units of µSv/h was caused by gamma rays of Radium 222, Radium 228 (Thorium 232), and Potassium 40, respectively. The largest value is 9.220 µSv/h. It was found that the highest specific activity (concentration) for Radium 226 is 1136 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.06 and the highest specific activity for Radium 228 is 721 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. As for Radium 224, its highest specific activity is 631 Bq/kg and the lowest is 0.02 Bq/kg. Radium-228 is higher than that of Radium-224 or Radium-226, as the Radium-224 is from the Uranium-232 series, and the Radium-228 and Radium-224 are from the Thorium-232 series, meaning that the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain is lower than the percentage of the daughters of the Thorium chain Uranium, because the half-life of Radium-226 is 1600 years, which is greater than the half-life of Radium-228, which is 5.75 years. A comparison was made between the local results with the results of soil in Amman. Methods of treating pollution with natural radioactive materials in the oil industry were also discussed.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder divided into two types, Ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohnʹs disease (CD). In total, 80 blood samples were collected for this study, 40 blood samples were collected from IBD and 40 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals as. Genomic DNA extracted from whole blood and (FokI) polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP). The results of the statistical analysis showed high frequency and percentage in age group (< 30 years) was 16 (40%) with significant (P≤0.05) when compeered with control group. The frequency and percentage of body mass index (BMI) for the patient group was (27.91 ± 0.45). While BMI was (27.31 ± 0.54) for the control group with highly significant association (p<0.01) between Iraqi patients with IBD when compared with control group. (VDR- FokI) wild allele PCR products (without restriction site) have 265bp (F allele) and when digested and electrophoresis of the digestion products on agarose gel the resulted fragment size of 196bp, 265 bp and 69 bp (f allele). The genotype of FokI gene (TT/FF) was 14 (35%) (P-value=0.0039), TG / Ff 15(37.5%) (p= 0.0253), GG/ff 11(27.5%) (p=0.0039) in patient group which have a highly significant in frequency and percentage, as compared with control group. In conclusion, The FokI genes polymorphism was shown to be associated with an increased incidence of Iraqi patients with IBD when compeered with control group. The genetic factors of FokI gene polymorphism may have a role in inflammatory bowel disease.

Herbicides classify as chemicals targeting specific biochemical pathways in plants and may influence human or animal health according to their chemistry, concentration, environment, biological target and others. With safety concern, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified herbicides and their metabolites as fetal developments may be a consequence of enzymatic inhibition or other mechanisms. Thirty phytotoxins were subjected to online pkCSM website, as a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) prediction activity against honey bee, avian, and multiple human Leukemia, CNS, Ovarian, Prostate Cancer cell lines. Prediction outcomes were varied and influenced by chemical structure of each tested herbicide. Sulfentrazone having evidence of human non- carcinogenic character (Group E) had hepatotoxicity prediction and cancer cell lines activity less than 5 of Leukemia, CNS, Ovarian, and Prostate. Also, it had CYP1A2 inhibition, negative response of p- glycoprotein, Ames, skin sensitization, renal OCT2, and hERG. All above characters beside low intestinal absorption and Blood- Brain Barrier (BBB) presented encouraging online funding as more structurally safe having active – multiple toxicological and cellular interactions. Simetryn and Simazine that have the same core structure except (-SCH3) group replaced with chloro group gave semi identical results of many calculated characters and inactive materials to cancer cell lines and herbicide activity, honey bee and avian toxicities but not BBB, total clearance, and oral rat chronic (LOAEL) confirming structure influences upon prediction.

The aim of study is production of new local drug consisting of Nystatin, Neomycin sulfate, Dexamethasone ointment are veterinary medicinal preparations used in the treatment of exogenous fungi and infections in small and large animals that cause by (candida albicans) and affected by gram positive and gram negative bacteria like (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella-Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Nystatin is considered one of the safe drugs when treating external fungal infections in field animals. Neomycin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in the bacterial cell and thus leads to the killing of bacteria either dexamethasone works to stop infections in the affected area of animals. In order for this product to be both research and applied, many of the initial pharmaceutical compositions were prepared until the final and stable composition was reached in this form. (90-110% permissible limit of activity). This process included several stages of collecting information on the substances included in the formula, active substances and additives, and then preparing the formula according to the specifications. International pharmacology using pharmacopoeia, followed by a study of stability and resistance of the preparation at room temperatures, then sending samples for field examination to the veterinary department and for the lack of cases for other animals where it was used on cases of fungal infections and skin infections in small animals (Cats). The treatment period was 5-10 days, and it brought very good results, according to the field evaluation form attached to the research. Outcomes of study its good and new research and very important to treatment skin infection in small animals.

The objectives of the present study were undertaken to prepared hydroxyapatite powder from seashell and convert this to nano size and then added to gold nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: The seashells were cleaned and the phosphoric acid was added. The product was inserted in oven then calcined in the muffled furnace, to evaporate CO2 and getting the white crystalline powder which indicated presence of hydroxyapatite. This powder was converted to nanoparticle. Gold 1% mixed with prepared seashell nano hydroxyapatite. The characteristics of the prepared nano hydroxyapatite from seashell, were studied by the FTIR infrared spectrophotometer. The most biocompatible nano hydroxyapatite estimation by chemical test and examine prepared nano hydroxyapatite from seashell alone or when mixed with gold 1% in vivo to detect the effectiveness on reparing bone defect in mandibulare rabbits. Results: The results of an infrared measurement (FTIR Spectroscopy) for prepared nano hydroxyapatite showed that the chemical structure and band have the same FTIR spectrum of standard nano hydroxyapatite and have the same nano traits as the chemical test showed a yellow precipitation consisting in the nHA seashells. As an indication of biocompatibility and increase Bone Mineral Density by repairing bone defect in rabbits. And when added gold to nano hydroxyapatite, increased the efficacy of bone remodeling and repair bone. Conclusions: The possibility of preparing nanoparticles for hydroxyapatite from seashell are simple and inexpensive feedstock\'s and can be successfully produced by chemical precipitation technology from seashells with a phosphoric acid solution.

The research includes the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of Clotrimazole at a concentration of 2.5%, which is used to treat bacterial and fungal infections of the skin of field animals, which mainly work on ring worms, eczema (atopic dermatitis) and candidiasis.The initial biological laboratory tests were conducted for the preparation and it was 100% in conformity with the pharmaceutical specification and within the constitutional limits (110-90) % according to the British Pharmacopoeia .The stability was studied at temperatures (40, 30) °C and relative humidity (70, 75) %, respectively, for a period of six months. The prepared composition proved its ability to heal the wound by acting as an anti-oxidant to preserve the tissue from external influences that hinder the healing process and activate the formation of fibroblasts and collagen in the damaged layer and thus the formation of granulation tissue that accelerates healing .The results of the research were enhanced by sending samples to the veterinary department/ veterinary hospital, where it was tested on a cases of skin fungi in the face and legs in poultry, about 24, and the response to treatment was good through the improvement of the condition, and an acceptance certificate was obtained from the veterinary hospital.

The current study was designed to examine the synergistic effects of 2,4-D and copper sulfates in controlling Bulinus truncatus snail (the vector of urinary Schistosomiasis). Freshwater snails B. truncatus (Audouin, 1827) were exposed to copper sulphates (CuSO4) and the herbicide (2,4-D). The mortality was assessed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure time. The toxicity of CuSO4 showed to be more than the toxicity of 2,4-D to B. truncatus snail. Such, the toxicity of both substances (2,4-D and CuSO4) appeared to be more toxic than each substance toxicity alone. A lethal concentration means of CuSO4 (LC50) was 0.44 ppm, while the 2,4-D was 0.38 ppm. In addition, the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 (1ml+2g) was 0.22 ppm while the mixture (2ml+1g) was 0.26ppm. The study was concluded the synergistic toxicity of a mixture of two substances used. Also, mixing the both substances was produced more toxic effect than the prober substances alone. Protection of the environment must be taken in considerations when use these materials to kill the snails. The results of this study showed that the mortality rates were increased with increasing of concentrations used in treatment. The study was improved that the mixture of 2,4-D and CuSO4 has synergistic toxicity when mixed together.