Journal of Education for Humanities

The critical arena in novel studies is preoccupied with the technical relationship between the technical capabilities and the intellectual data of the text to manifest the aesthetics with its magical cover that raises the text and makes it a changing intellectual and artistic given. Out of this perspective, our research presents the transcendence of time as a novel narrative technique to the realms of aesthetics that rise above the traditional saying of retrieval and anticipation to reach the temporal vision beyond the concept that leads the relativity between time and the aesthetic distance, which presents the space in the intellectual proposition, not just a genuine technical distance. The philosophical aspect that combines time with aesthetics allows the critical space to present a consistent explanation for the novelty of contemporary novel ideas.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the mental arithmetic strategy on the achievement of fourth-grade primary school girls in mathematics. and the research sample consisted of (50) female students from the fourth-grade primary school in Sumer Elementary school for Girls) on the left side of the city of MOSUL. Who were intentionally chosen from among several suitable Schools for the research. by (25) female students in each of the two experimental groups. which studied according to the mental arithmetic strategy. and the control group. which studied in the usual way. and after conducting the process of equivalence between them in a number of variables (intelligence degree. achievement of the third grade of primary school. chronological age in months. The educational level of the parents) and after the two researchers determined the educational material decided during the experiment period in agreement with the teacher of habit in the above-mentioned school. who was entrusted with the task of applying the experiment due to the researcher’s lack of experience in this field. and they also formulated behavioral objectives and prepared teaching plans for both groups. the research tool was Which the two researchers prepared. with the achievement test. which in its final form consists of (24) objective paragraphs in the form of multiple choice prepared according to the levels of classification F Bloom for the cognitive domain (remembering. comprehension. application).
The researcher verified the validity of the content of the tool as well as the psychometric characteristics represented by the coefficient of ease. difficulty and discrimination. and extracting its stability by the hash-filter method. which amounted to (0.77). and after correcting it using the Spearman-Brown equation amounted to (0.87). the experiment was applied to the two research groups. starting with From Monday (15/11/2021) until Tuesday (25/1/2022). after the researchers had prepared the requirements for her research. and after completing the implementation of the research experiment. one of the two researchers applied the post-test to the members of the research sample. using statistical means. The appropriate data is statistically resolved through the statistical package (SPSS).
The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group. In light of the research results. the researcher made a number of recommendations. the most important of which was the adoption of a mental arithmetic strategy in teaching mathematics at the primary stage and in other stages and in teaching the rest of the study subjects. A set of proposals for future research related to the variables of her research. including (the effect of using the constructivist model in developing mental arithmetic for fifth grade students in mathematics).

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on the theory of processing information to give an opportunity to the students of the department of mathematics to obtain communication skills, and the sample consisted of (91) fourth grade students of the department of mathematics, Dohuk University for the academic year (2020-2021). The students were divided into two groups, the first, experimental group consisted of (48) students, trained in the practical education program according to the proposed program, and the second was a control group consisted of (43) students trained according to the classic program. To achieve the aim of the research, the researchers designed a training program based on in-person and online sessions and prepared an observation form that contained (15) paragraphs spread over three skills (speaking and expressing, listening and hearing, reinforcement and feedback), The researchers verified its sincerity and stability, after that the first researcher carried out the experiment herself at the beginning of the first semester, and at the end of the experiment the researcher applied the observation form in her presence with the members of the research sample when they were giving short classes Infront of her since she is the teacher of the subject. Then, the data was then collected and statistically analyzed using the T-test for two independent samples and the results indicated:
There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average obtaining of the three communication skills (speaking and expressing, listening and hearing, reinforcement and feedback), and the total among the members of the experimental and the control groups and for the infavorl favour group with the average and total skills.
In the light of the results, the researchers came up with a number of deduction/ inference suyyestions a number of proposals and submitted a number of titles for subsequent studies.

Preserving honor and defending it originates from human being’s deep-inside, no human being can tolerate its desecration, and that Islamic jurisprudence and Iraqi law took this motive into consideration and permitted its defense against every aggressor.
The Islamic jurisprudence has permitted the defense of honor by every means of defense, starting from the easiest. If a sexual assaulter, does not refrain from the assault, it will be permissible to kill him even before the actual sexual intercourse takes place. However, in the Iraqi law, killing in defense of honor is not permitted except when the actual sexual intercourse takes place per se without any other indecent assaults below it, which its gravity is less than the gravity of the intercourse.
If the act (sexual intercourse) occurs with the consent of both parties, then it is not permissible for a person to kill the woman for the sake of preserving his honor except with two conditions; firstly, if there are four witnesses with the person who saw it, and secondly, the woman must be married. If someone kills her without meeting the said actual conditions, then he must be punished in accordance with temporal rules in order to close the door to easy-killing, and not to kill the innocent people under the pretext of defending honor.
In Iraqi law, if a man sees his wife or one of his female relatives in the act of adultery and kills her instantly, the punishment will be reduced against the killer taking into account his psychological motive, but the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has suspended acting upon this reduction rule.
When the matter comes to responding insult and slander out of a psychological motive, despite the abomination of insult in Islam and the severity of its prohibition, yet, Islam has permitted the response to the insult without transgression in it, but it has not permitted slander whether said in response to another slander or not. However, the Iraqi law permits both of them when intense anger immediately occurs after the attack of the wrongdoer.

The current search:
1- Level of self-quality among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
2- The difference in the level of subjective quality.
3- The level of artistic taste of the female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
4- The difference in the level of artistic appreciation according to the variable of the academic stage (third / fifth).
5- The relationship between quality and artistic taste among female students of fine arts.
6- Differences in the relationship between quality and artistic taste among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
According to the academic stage variable (third / fifth).
The research sample included students of the third and fifth stages in the five departments The total of (308) female students, and the researcher used the descriptive method, the signs for its suitability The nature of the current research, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the subjective raw scale From (Sarah Rafaa Faisal Suleiman, 2021), which consists of (45) paragraphs, and the taste scale The international artwork designed by the scientist K Graves, consisting of (32) images , and apply the two scales to the final application sample after completing the reaping procedures Psychometrics (honesty and stability), and the researcher used the statistical bag (spss) to analyze The data and concluded that the students of the Institute of Fine Arts Subjectivity and artistic taste also found
that there are statistically significant differences in the level of an internal distance for the variable of the third / fifth stage and in favor of the fifth stage, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the level of artistic taste according to the variable of the study stage (third / fifth) and in favor of the fifth stage , Correlational relationship with subjective quality and artistic taste, for the variable of the circular phase (third / fifth) and in favor of Number of proposals.

Complexity is one of the conditions for eloquence, and Arab rhetoricians have identified conditions for eloquence, and what violates these conditions is complexity. What is meant by complexity is: composing speech in a way that is difficult to understand due to its poor arrangement, which is moral complexity. Al-Hadhrami (D. 975 A.H.), author of the book (Al-Adib Al-Adib on what is in the poetry of Abu Al-Tayyib from the good and the defective), and Al-Hadhrami wanted me to reveal this defect in which the poet (Al-Mutanabbi) put it, whether the complexity was due to poor arrangement or disputes in speech in the introduction and delay or by deletion without Necessity, has been investigated Al-Hadhrami’s Complexity in Al-Mutanabbi’s Poetry and His Statement, then the study attempted to investigate the complexity of other critics and rhetoricians, reinforcing the opinion of Al-Hadhrami, such as Ibn Tabataba, Ibn Rashiq Al-Qayrawani, Abdul-Qaher Al-Jurjani, Al-Qazwini and others.

The educational counselor has an important role in guiding and guiding the students by virtue of his proximity to them and his frequent meeting with them. Even outside it, which may greatly affect their educational path, with the help of the family, of course. The importance of our research comes from the importance of educational guidance in modern education, and the important role of the educational advisor in guiding and guiding students, as it has become one of the most important pillars of the school in developed countries. The success and distinction of an educational institution is measured by the amount of benefit and the quality of the outputs achieved by teachers and students scientifically, educationally and morally. Therefore, we do not hesitate to make any effort to improve and develop the learning outcomes of all, because what we want is reform.
The aim of the research is to reach an integrated educational educational system in schools in general and Islamic schools in particular, in which everyone participates, especially educational counselors, through developing and activating their educational and counseling role in schools, to be reformers and a link between students, administration and teachers to solve the problems they face, and according to the scientific and academic curriculum. for research.
Finally, we hope that this research will be a step for gradual progress and progress towards the better in the work of educational guidance. We hope to see in the near future clear progress in the work of educational guidance according to the logic of reform and gradual change.

The aim of this research is to stand at the effort of Dr. Fadel Al-Tamimi on the subject of embodiment, which won a great place for him, especially in his book (The Presence of the Text Readings in the Rhetorical Discourse of the Arabs) linking this to the metaphor that made in the text a wide scope for multiple readings and reception aiming to reach beyond The language that has always been the human subject to which the attention of the creators of the creative text is directed, where this research came with three demands that show the basic material carried by this title, the first of which: the definition of embodiment in language and terminology, and the second: It came in the statement of the scholars’ views on embodiment and the position of Dr. Fadel Al-Tamimi Including, and the third: the position of scholars on the phenomenon of embodiment, capping these demands with a conclusion that bears within it the most important findings of this research, including: Sensory features, traits, or actions of man, and in this way, he gives an aesthetic artistic function to him that is related to metaphorical perception. The linguistic accuracy of the word embodiment.

The customs and traditions are of great significance in defining the identity of society and have also great sanctity for individuals. They are closely related to the memory of individuals and gives great importance to history, as it stems mainly from a past invented by grandparents in order to preserve that history. They give aesthetics and originality and preservs the heritage, and Jamal Al-Ghitani, with his great literary and linguistic ability, was able to employ these customs in the novel (Al-Zayni Barakat). He benefited greatly from it and made it tamper with his distinguished language and style. The customs and traditions have been prominent in his novelist text to point out the aesthetics of the period that the novel conveyed and how the power of those well-established customs in society were used to their advantage. There has been an attempt to control them and change what is against the interests and contradict their strict laws imposed on individuals by force.

The Muslim believes in God and his messengers and does not differentiate between any of his messengers, and there are common denominators between the prophets, peace and blessings be upon them, among them the beloved Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace), including these hadiths mentioned about him by saying (for every prophet), the research is objective, inductive, and there are particularities.
These hadiths have a sign of sincerity in conveying the faithfulness of the message by our beloved prophet (peace be upon him) in clarifying what each of the prophets, may the peace and blessings of God be upon them, without denial or concealment of it, far be it from him (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him).
The hadiths with the wording (for every prophet) has reached fifteen (15) hadiths.
The number of authentic hadiths are: five (5), the good ones are four (4), and the weak ones are six

The rulings of the Noon Sakina and the Tanween are divided into four rulings, which are immersion with singularity and without singularity, appearing, reversing, and concealing.The scholars unanimously agreed on the manifestation of these six letters: (E, H, H, H, G, K.). Ibn Al-Jazari mentioned that Abu Jaafar disagreed about two letters, namely: (G, K), and the rest read it in appearance. Ghanna is obligatory in the stressed Noon and Meem in the case of endowment and wasl, whether it occurs at the end of a word or in the middle, and whether it is in a letter, a noun or a verb, and the amount of ghanna is two movements.

The meta-narrative narrator represents one of the most important elements of the meta-narrative work, as the narrator is no longer just a mediator between the author and the reader, that is, the element that conveys the story only. The meta-narrative novels of the narrator within the narrative text, the study deals with the narrator as the character that competes with the real author, and rebel against him so that the narrator replaces him and he is the author and creator of the narrative work.
The meta-narrative tendency has given its elements diversification and renewal in order to break the rigid molds of traditional narratives. The meta-narrative novel came to express the spirit of this age through a new spirit that is more aware and open, according to the state of society and its circumstance.

The aim of the Article is to Construct a scale of envy among the students of the University of Mosul, and to identify the level of envy among the members of the research sample, And the detection of the differences in the level of envy among the members of the research sample according to the gender (male / female), The research also aimed to extract the statistical criteria for the envy scale. The research included a sample of (1345) students from the University of Mosul. Author Construct envy scale, which in its final form consists of (10) items. The results showed that the envy scale has one dimension, which is the negative dimension that measures the negative feelings, thoughts and intentions of people. The scale also revealed the prevalence of envy by (2%) of the sample members. The results did not show differences between the members of the research sample in the level of envy due to the gender variable. In light of the results, author presented a several recommendations and suggestions.

The novel (A Blue Sea, a White Moon) is one of the novels that has been described as a travel literature, but it is in fact the journey of an employee on a ship that he lived with passion and fascination as an eastern Iraqi man suffering from deprivation and torment in a troubled homeland visited by wars from time to time.
The protagonist of the novel (C) as a linguistic symbol embodied the mood of the narrator who mixed the narration with travel literature, and pushed the multiple characters he encountered on his journey. And her psychological movements between the same writer and the new world in which he thrives between one country and another, between one lover and another, between the walls of cities in which he felt distress and grief because she always reminded him, throughout the novel, of the world of painful childhood, the miserable homeland and its tired skin. As much as possible.

The research aims to identify:
1- The level of cognitive emotional regulation strategies among the students of the University of Mosul.
2- The statistically significant differences in the cognitive emotional regulation strategies among the research sample members according to a variable; Gender (males. females). grade (second. fourth). specialization (scientific. human).
The descriptive approach was adopted. and the research community consisted of (23051) male and female students for the academic year (2021-2022). and a stratified random sample was selected of (920) male and female students. at a rate of 4%. The cognitive emotional regulation strategies scale was built. which includes two types of strategies (pre-focus strategies - focus response strategies) of the type of items. For the purpose of extracting the psychometric properties. the scale was presented in its initial form to experts in educational and psychological sciences to extract the apparent validity. and the structural validity of the scale was extracted. and calculating the discriminatory power of the items. so the calculated T values ranged between (2.153-6.121). which is greater than the tabular value of (1.96). and thus all the items of the scale are distinguished. The stability was also extracted by methods (test and re-test. and the value of the correlation coefficient was (0.83). And the alpha was (0.81). Until the number of items of the scale in its final form became (30). and the research data was processed by statistical means (one-sample t-test. two independent samples t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient. Cronbach's alpha equation) by means of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).
 
The research reached the following results:
1- The level of cognitive emotional regulation strategies among Mosul University students is within the average level.
2- There are no statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (male - female). the grade variable (second - fourth). and the specialization variable (scientific - human) in the level of cognitive emotional regulation strategies among the students of the University of Mosul.
Based on the results that have been reached. the researcher recommends the following:
1- The Ministry of Higher Education should work to include the curricula related to cognitive emotional regulation strategies.
2- University’s professors encourage students to use cognitive emotional regulation strategies in their dealings with others.
The results resulted in several suggestions. including conducting a study on:
1- Cognitive emotional regulation strategies and their relationship to the emotional efficiency of university students.
2- The effect of a training program on developing cognitive emotional regulation strategies among university students.

 

It can be argued that any scientific or epistemological base in various sciences, including Arabic sciences, is hardly devoid of a kind of dispute among scholars, for several reasons, some of which are related to transmission, and some of them are due to reasoning and the understanding obtained by each of them regarding the issue in which they differ.
Consequently, this difference varies in its degree and strength, as well as in the number of those who say it, and it may extend to include eras of history, and extend to cover centuries of time and types of sciences.
The books of language, grammar and other sciences are full of countless evidence of the faces and forms of these differences. And our research stands at one of the aspects of disagreement among scholars, which is what has been described as delusion, or a mistake in opinions and judgments regarding a section of linguistic issues, and in a section of the aspects of readings and the provisions based on them regarding language. This is in one of the books of Arabic, and a treasure of Its treasures is the book (Al-Bahr al-Muheet fi al-Tafsir) by Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi - may God have mercy on him - as Abu Hayyan stopped at a number of issues, and in places that exceeded eighty places in his great book, observing their places, and describing the rulings of some scholars in them as delusional, or wrong, and he quoted in some of them and the sayings of other scholars who held the same doctrine, and held the same opinion.

This research aims to study the breaking of the hamza (Ena) and opening it after the letters, due to the arrival of many Qur’anic readings that are a witness to the restriction of the rules. The hamza (Ena) and opened it after (no offense), and we made it with the letters because it begins with a letter, and we dealt with in the second requirement: breaking the hamza (Ena) and opening it after (faa’ the penalty), as for the third requirement: breaking the hamza (Ena) and opening it after (wow kindness). The verses in the three demands are arranged according to the order of the verses in the Noble Qur’an, and then conclude with the most important results we have reached.

The research dealt with the phenomenon of literary reference in al-ghazzi،s poetry by relying on examples of his poetry، as literature is a fertile and rich source for poets because nobility of the past rich in various aspects of pride، vanity and fatherhood. and social. according to our point of view، the research plan required that we divide it into two topics axes; (poetic reference and the prose reference،which included proverbs and stories) the poet derived from events and facts with a cultural predicate everything that he provides in the construction of the poetic text. each other، and the poet employed them in a creative artistic way، through which he expressed its comprehensive، remaining and renewable significance throughout literary in other forms and forms. in the present، in addition to the fact that this cultural stock is stuck in the collective memory of the members of the nation، the poet tries to attract the attention of the recipient and enrich the creative text .

We worked in this research on the binary roots in the dictionary of language standards, and This dictionary had great luck in the semantic fields, which are the existence of relationships that include a group of words and put them in specific field. The existence of a single semantic origin that combines multiple derivations and scattered words may seem a fantasy,But it is real reality for which Ibn Faris built a solid edifice in language standards, He measured the root and how there is apivotal connotation in which the meaning are connected, which mean that there is one meaning that combine the derivation of root. although it is mostly the presence of the same semantic origin, but some of them go beyond that either because ibn faris delibrately left single original so that this would not lead him to extensive interpretation that it is difficult for general people or is far from reasonable, or to the semantic meaning linking these derivations is hidden from ibn faris.we, in turn, went to these principles and found that they share some root in one book, as well as their sharing with other books, as we will see in the two semantic originals, the pivotal movement and turbulance.

The Book of Al-Malal and al-Nahl is considered one of the most important sources and references in the study of comparative religions. And close. Its owners are its owners and the transfer of its intakes and sources, in an orderly and organized manner, and with an objective scientific approach, "without fanaticism towards them, nor breaking them, without showing its sincerity from its corruption, and defining its right." From its shadows." Therefore, the book received great attention from researchers and scholars and was printed many times. And into different languages.
It is considered one of the most popular books in its field, and its name almost dominates other books that deal with the subject of religions, sects, sects, and the high position that it occupied among the articles of books.
The nature of the material available to al-Shahristani necessitated that the research be divided into several paragraphs: the preface and includes the importance of the book, first: naming the Jewish religion, second: beliefs in the Jewish religion, third: legislative provisions in the Jewish religion, fourth: the sacred books (Torah, Talmud), fifth : Jewish teams.

The miraculous in general constitutes a violation of the prevailing tradition and the natural laws recognized in all its references, as the legendary references are among the most important and most representative of their features in pre-Islamic poetry, and that the pre-Islamic poet was not conscious of employing those legends, but rather they are remnants of beliefs, rituals, customs and traditions that leaked from the collective unconscious Then it was emptied into poetry to appear contrary to the ordinary, as it is a main window and an important door to access to the miraculous world, with all its astonishment, strangeness, and opposition to the ordinary, which requires a deep reading of the texts in order to explore their depths and reach new interpretations and visions of the reality that the poet simulates, as the hunting and animal struggle that many pre-Islamic poets did not leave behind and other images with legendary features do not come out.
We find the poet exercising his authority over the reality he lives through the text, so mythical images are formed in their own language and logic when they are removed from the mythical images stored in the poet’s unconsciousness to present them in a different way. About his repressions that he cannot disclose.

Our study aspires to detect the presence of the Arab nationalist ideology in the thought and the anticolonialist fight of Dr. Habib Thameur since his adhesion at the beginning of the thirties of the last century to the association of the Arab Union constituted by Iraqi student and diplomatic personalities residing in Paris long before April 1932. This is the capture of this thought through two documents, one dating from 1930 and the other from 1932 dealing with how the emancipation of Tunisian women in a paternalistic nationalist option by limiting its field of action in the education of children and their preparation to serve the nation and the need to provide them with this education in their national Arabic language by recruiting competent teachers for the task. This explains, following the founding of the Destourian student cell in Paris in 1936, the appearance of strategic and tactical differences in the positioning of the two leaders vis-à-vis the emancipation of Tunisian women for one circumscribed and oriented and for the other free and total (code of personal status promulgated on August 13, 1956), alliances during the War between Allies and Axis forces and finally the premises of the Afro-Asian non-alignment of Thameur against the Western alignment of the leader Bourguiba during the Cold War at the end of the Second World War.

This study investigates how students of Master degree at the Department of English - College of Basic Education – University of Mosul, for the academic year 2021-2022, recognize conditional conjunctions pragmatically. Samples of the study are 12 MA students who study English as a foreign language. This study contains two main parts: theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part includes a short introduction on conjunctions in general, and conditional conjunctions in particular .In this part, conditional conjunctions from the perspective of pragmatics are tackled. The practical part includes a self - administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 10 questions in the form of conditional sentences and it requires the use of a given conditional conjunction between parentheses in front of each sentence. The results show that it is a difficult task for the MA students considered in this study to recognize the conditional conjunctions pragmatically.

Style variants in literary texts refer to the purposeful use of different linguistic varieties by writers in order to imply certain social and ideological concepts to the reader. Translators should be scrupulous with rendering such varieties of language into the target reader.
The study examines style variation according to the perspective of the Russian literary critic Michael Bakhtin. The relationship between literary texts and the relevance theory is reviewed in order to shed light on this process. The study also shows the importance of the concept of communication accommodation theory in translating the literary style varieties. It underlines that the translation of these variants largely depends on the principle of convergence to the target language style. In other words, translators automatically converge to the expectations of the target readers. The study has concentrated on how different style variants in James Joyce’s novel of Ulysses are translated into Arabic. The study aims to pay attention to the role of language variations in literary texts and in the way these variations are translated into Arabic style. The scope of study is confined to the style variants in English literary texts and to the translations of such variants into Arabic.
The study concludes that translators are inclined to converge to the style and expectations of the target language and the use of nonstandard Arabic varieties in translation is not encouraged in general.

A good learning strategy is the one that enables learners link between their previous knowledge and new information to create their meanings. It is believed that the KWL is an appropriate strategy that learners could employ to construct meaning through connecting their prior information with new material. The letters K-W-L (Know-Want-Learned) stand for the knowledge construction process that takes place. This research aims at investigating empirically the effect of using KWL strategy on the achievement of Fine Arts Institute students in English grammar. To achieve this aim, an experiment was designed where two groups were chosen randomly from the third year students in the Institute of Fine Arts/Nineveh. One of these two groups was assigned as an experimental group which was taught grammar by KWL strategy, and the other as a control group which was taught grammar by the three Ps (Presentation, Practice, Production) method. To meet the homogeneity assumption, both groups were matched in terms of their age and the level of English for the previous academic year. A grammar test was constructed based on students’ syllabus. Reliability and validity of the grammar test were estimated and ensured. A post-test was administered to both groups. The statistical analysis of the results reveals that there is a statistically significant difference between the achievement scores of the experimental group and those of the control group in the grammar posttest in favor of the experimental group. In light of the findings, a number of recommendations to English language teachers have been put forward. Some suggestions for further studies and work are presented as well.